Características produtivas e imunológicas de frangos de corte submetidos a dietas suplementadas com cromo, criados sob diferentes condições de ambiente

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, a resposta imune e as características de carcaça de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas suplementadas com cromo complexado a levedura (Saccharomyces cerevisae), criados em diferentes condições de temperatura. O experimento foi conduzido em câmaras climáticas com sistema de aquecimento e refrigeração, utilizando-se as seguintes condições de temperatura, de acordo com as idades: 1 a 3 dias (35, 35 e 35 ºC ± 2), 4 a 7 dias (35, 30, 25 ºC ± 2), 8 a 14 dias (34, 27 e 20 ºC ± 2), 15 a 21 dias (33, 26 e 18 ºC ± 2) e de 22 a 47 dias (32, 26 e 18 ºC ± 2), respectivamente, para temperatura quente, termoneutra e fria. As dietas foram suplementadas com 0, 400, 800, 1.200 μg Cr/kg. A suplementação de 400 μg Cr/kg melhora a viabilidade e, em aves mantidas em temperatura quente, a conversão alimentar, enquanto a temperatura de criação mostrou ter grande influência sobre as características produtivas em todas as fases de criação. As aves criadas em temperatura quente apresentam melhor resposta imune, maior rendimento de carcaça e pernas e resultados inferiores de desempenho e rendimento de peito.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate performance, immune response and traits concerning carcass and poultry cuts of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with chromium-yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae), reared under different environmental temperature conditions. Birds were reared in climate chambers with heating and cooling system, using the following environmental temperatures according to ages: from 1 to 3 days of age (35, 35 and 35 ºC ± 2), from 4 to 7 days of age (35, 30 and 25 ºC ± 2), from 8 to 14 days old (34, 27 and 20 ºC ± 2), from 15 to 21 days of age (33, 26 and 18 ºC ± 2) and from 22 to 47 days of age (32, 26 and 18 ºC ± 2), respectively, for high, thermoneutral and low temperatures. Diets were supplemented with 0; 400; 800; and 1,200 μg Cr/kg. Supplementation with 400 μg Cr/kg enhances the viability and, in birds reared in high temperature, feed conversion as well, while temperature showed to have great influence upon productive traits in every rearing phase. Chickens reared at high temperature presented better immune response, higher carcass dressing percentage and leg quarter yield, but inferior results for breast yield and performance

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

BACKGROUND: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. METHODS: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]). INTERPRETATION: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden

Control on Sweet Corn, 1983

Abstract Corn was planted on 16 June in Sunderland, Mass., using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Rows were 3 ft apart, 25 ft long and plants were spaced 9 in. apart in the row with four rows per plot. Fertilizer (1,000 lb. 10:10:10/acre) was incorporated before planting; no additional fertilizer was needed. Atrazine at 1.0 lb (AI)/acre and alachlor at 1.5 lb (All/acre was applied on 20 June. Insecticides were applied using a tractor-drawn sprayer with drop nozzles, at 60 lb/in2 and 180 gal water/acre. Treatments were applied on 16 and 22 Aug. and 1 and 8 Sept. On 15 Sept., 25 ears were examined from the center two rows for each plot and the number of ears infested or not infested with larvae of each pest was recorded. Only ears with damage to kernels constituted ear damage.</jats:p

Control of Cabbage Caterpillars, 1983

Abstract Cabbage was transplanted to the field on 1 June, 1983 for this trial. Fertilizer (10-10-10) was applied at 1200 lb (AI)/acre at planting. The soil was a fine sandy loam with a pH of 6.7. Each plot was a 15-ft row and each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were based on 3-ft row spacing. All applications were made with a CO2, pressurized sprayer delivering ca. 60 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2.</jats:p

Foliar Spray to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) on Tomato, 1982

Abstract ‘Jet Star’ tomato seedlings were transplanted Jun 11 into the field in Sunderland, MA. The soil type was a sandy loam. Treatment plots consisted of two 18-ft rows spaced 4 ft apart with 8 plants per row. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a 3 gal stainless-steel backpack sprayer at 60 gal/acre. Treatments were applied Jun 23. Direct counts were taken to evaluate adult CPB control on all plants in each treatment plot on Jun 25.</jats:p