The concept and algorithm of 'conductor renting' and its application in transmission losses allocation

The cost of transmission losses represents an important part of transmission costs. In the context of competitive electricity marketplace, the costs caused by transmission losses should be reasonably allocated to various market participants, but the nonlinearity of the transmission losses function makes the allocation very difficult. In this paper, the concept of 'conductor renting' is proposed for the first time and is used to solve transmission losses allocation problem. The analysis indicates that the active power losses caused by different current components are in proportion to the conductor section acreage and the corresponding conductance used by the current components, and the reactive power losses caused by current components have similar characteristics. Based on the concept of conductor renting, it is easy to solve the losses allocation problem, and the interaction effect of the transactions is eliminated.published_or_final_versio

Review of Transmission Fixed Costs Allocation Methods

In the context of competitive electricity markets, transmission fixed costs should be fairly allocated to transmission users. A reasonable allocation method could lead to efficient utilizations of existing transmission facilities and, at the same time, provide economic signals for guiding future generation planning and load sitting. In this paper, a comprehensive literature survey is made on available methods of transmission fixed cost allocations. The review is conducted from several different aspects including: costs to be allocated, entities to pay the costs, system states to be based on, cost allocations of unused capacities, pricing of counter flow and that of reactive power, and allocation principles and methods. In addition, the characteristics of each method are analyzed and compared with those of the others.published_or_final_versio

A Practical Method For Determining Transmission Usage-based Tariff In Electricity Markets With Trading Modes

In this paper, a practical approach is presented for determining transmission usage-based tariff, based on the well-known generation shift distribution factor (GSDF) based method and the recently developed power flow tracing method. First, the GSDF based method is employed for allocating the transmission usage-based charges among various transactions, and then the power flow tracing technique used for further distributing the charge such obtained among the participants of each transaction concerned. The proposed method is easy to implement and is applicable to electricity markets with various trading modes such as bilateral, multilateral and pool trading modes, and to interconnected multiple-regional and hierarchical electricity markets as well.published_or_final_versio

Determination of the number of J/ψ events with J/ψ → inclusive decays

postprin

Higher-order multipole amplitude measurement in ψ ′→γχ c2

Using 106×106 ψ ′ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the higher-order multipole amplitudes in the radiative transition ψ ′→γχ c2→γπ +π -/γK +K - are measured. A fit to the χ c2 production and decay angular distributions yields M2=0.046±0. 010±0.013 and E3=0.015±0.008±0.018, where the first errors are statistical and the second systematic. Here M2 denotes the normalized magnetic quadrupole amplitude and E3 the normalized electric octupole amplitude. This measurement shows evidence for the existence of the M2 signal with 4.4σ statistical significance and is consistent with the charm quark having no anomalous magnetic moment. © 2011 American Physical Society.published_or_final_versio

Measurement of the matrix element for the decay η′→ηπ +π -

The Dalitz plot of η⊃′→ηπ⊃+π⊃- decay is studied using (225.2±2.8)×106 J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII e⊃+e⊃- collider. With the largest sample of η⊃′ decays to date, the parameters of the Dalitz plot are determined in a generalized and a linear representation. Also, the branching fraction of J/ψ→γη⊃′ is determined to be (4.84±0.03±0.24)×10⊃-3, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. © 2011 American Physical Society.published_or_final_versio

A literature survey on allocations of transmission fixed costs

In the context of competitive electricity markets, transmission fixed costs should be fairly allocated to transmission users. A reasonable allocation method could lead to efficient utilizations of existing transmission facilities and, at the same time, provide economic signals for guiding future generation planning and load sitting. In this paper, a comprehensive literature survey is made on available methods of transmission fixed cost allocations. The review is conducted from several different aspects including: costs to be allocated, entities to pay the costs, system states to be based, cost allocations of unused capacities, pricing of counter flow and that of reactive power, and allocation principles and methods. In addition, the characteristics of each method are analyzed and compared with those of the others. This project is jointly supported by National Key Basic Research Special Fund of China (No. G1998020301), a Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP), China (No. 2000033530) and a Seed Funding Project from the University of Hong Kong

A study of the Z production cross-section in pp collisions at √s = 7 using tau final states

A measurement of the inclusive Z → ττ cross-section in pp collisions at √s =7 is presented based on a dataset of 1.0 fb[superscript −1] collected by the LHCb detector. Candidates for Z → τ τ decays are identified through reconstructed final states with two muons, a muon and an electron, a muon and a hadron, or an electron and a hadron. The production cross-section for Z bosons, with invariant mass between 60 and 120 GeV/c[superscript 2], which decay to τ leptons with transverse momenta greater than 20 GeV/c and pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5, is measured to be σ[subscript pp]→Z→ττ = 71.4 ± 3.5 ± 2.8 ± 2.5 pb; the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The ratio of the cross-sections for Z → τ τ to Z → μμ is determined to be 0.93 ± 0.09, where the uncertainty is the combination of statistical, systematic, and luminosity uncertainties of the two measurements.National Science Foundation (U.S.

First observation of the decays χcJ→π0π0π0π0

We present a study of the P-wave spin-triplet charmonium χ cJ decays (J=0, 1, 2) into π0π0π0π0. The analysis is based on 106×106 ψ⊃′ decays recorded with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII electron positron collider. The decay into the π0π0π0π0 hadronic final state is observed for the first time. We measure the branching fractions B(χ c0→π0π0π0π0)=(3.34±0. 06±0.44)×10⊃-3, B(χ c1→π0π0π0π0) =(0.57±0.03±0.08)×10⊃-3, and B(χ c2→π0π0π0π0)=(1.21±0.05±0.16) ×10⊃-3, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematical, respectively. © 2011 American Physical Society.published_or_final_versio

Two-photon widths of the χ c0,2 states and helicity analysis for χ c2→γγ

Based on a data sample of 106×106 ψ ′ events collected with the BESIII detector, the decays ψ ′→γχ c0,2, χ c0,2→γγ are studied to determine the two-photon widths of the χ c0,2 states. The two-photon decay branching fractions are determined to be B(χ c0→γγ)=(2. 24±0.19±0.12±0.08)×10 -4 and B(χ c2→γγ)=(3.21±0.18±0. 17±0.13)×10 -4. From these, the two-photon widths are determined to be Γ γγ(χ c0)=(2. 33±0.20±0.13±0.17)keV, Γ γγ(χ c2)=(0.63±0.04±0. 04±0.04)keV, and R=Γ γγ(χ c2)/ Γ γγ(χ c0)=0.271±0. 029±0.013±0.027, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and those from the PDG B(ψ ′→γχ c0,2) and Γ(χ c0,2) errors, respectively. The ratio of the two-photon widths for helicity λ=0 and helicity λ=2 components in the decay χ c2→γγ is measured for the first time to be f 0/2=Γγγλ= 0(χ c2)/Γγγλ=2(χ c2)=0. 00±0.02±0.02. © 2012 American Physical Society.published_or_final_versio