HUBUNGAN POLA MAKAN DAN KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA DESA MERANTI PAHAM

Hypertensionis high blood pressure which is synonymous with an increase in blood pressure beyond normal limits. A person is said to be hypertensive if the results of his systolic blood pressure measurement are ? 140 mmHg and his diastolic ? 90 mmHg. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between eating patterns and individual characteristics with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly in Hamlets III and IV, Meranti Paham Village, Labuhan Batu Regency, North Sumatra Province. The method used in this research is descriptive analytic method with cross sectional research design. From the research conducted, the results obtained were elderly who experienced hypertension (57.8%), elderly who did not experience hypertension (42.2%); the elderly who have a bad diet (45.3%), a good diet (54.7%); elderly male sex (59.4%), female (40.6%); the elderly have a low education level (96.9%), a high education level (3.1%); the elderly have a family history of hypertension (57.8%), the elderly have no family history of hypertension (42.2%). From the results of the study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (gender) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is no significant relationship between individual characteristics (level of education) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.504); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (history of hypertension in the family) with the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000) 6%); the elderly have a low education level (96.9%), a high education level (3.1%); the elderly have a family history of hypertension (57.8%), the elderly have no family history of hypertension (42.2%). From the results of the study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (gender) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is no significant relationship between individual characteristics (level of education) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.504); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (history of hypertension in the family) with the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000) 6%); the elderly have a low education level (96.9%), a high education level (3.1%); the elderly have a family history of hypertension (57.8%), the elderly have no family history of hypertension (42.2%). From the results of the study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (gender) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is no significant relationship between individual characteristics (level of education) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.504); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (history of hypertension in the family) with the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000) 1%); the elderly have a family history of hypertension (57.8%), the elderly have no family history of hypertension (42.2%). From the results of the study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (gender) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is no significant relationship between individual characteristics (level of education) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.504); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (history of hypertension in the family) with the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000) 1%); the elderly have a family history of hypertension (57.8%), the elderly have no family history of hypertension (42.2%). From the results of the study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (gender) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is no significant relationship between individual characteristics (level of education) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.504); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (history of hypertension in the family) with the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000) From the results of the study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (gender) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is no significant relationship between individual characteristics (level of education) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.504); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (history of hypertension in the family) with the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000) From the results of the study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (gender) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000); there is no significant relationship between individual characteristics (level of education) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.504); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (history of hypertension in the family) with the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000) 000); there is no significant relationship between individual characteristics (level of education) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.504); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (history of hypertension in the family) with the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000) 000); there is no significant relationship between individual characteristics (level of education) and the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.504); there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics (history of hypertension in the family) with the incidence of hypertension with a p value (0.000) Keywords:hypertension, elderly, diet, gender   ABSTRACT    Hypertension is high blood pressure exceeds normal limits. Someone is said to be hypertension if the result is systolic blood pressure ? 140 mmHg and diastolic ? 90 mmHg. This research is to determine the relationship between habits and individual characteristics with cases of hypertension in hamlet III and IV Meranti Paham, Labuhan Batu, North Sumatra. The research method was descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional design. The result was elderly with hypertension (57.8%), elderly not hypertension (42.2%); elderly with bad eating habits (45.3%), elderly with not bad eating habits (54.7%); elderly male (59.4%), elderly female (40.6%); elderly with low education level (96.9%), elderly with high education level (3.1%); elderly with genetic hypertension (57.8%), elderly do not have genetic hypertension (42.2%). The conclusions of the research results are a significant relationship between habits and individual characteristics with cases of hypertension (p value 0.000); there was a significant relationship between individual characteristics (gender) and cases of hypertension (p value 0.000); there was no significant relationship between individual characteristics (level of education) and cases of hypertension (p value 0.504); there was a significant relationship between individual characteristics (genetic) and cases of hypertension (p value 0.000). 000); there was no significant relationship between individual characteristics (level of education) and cases of hypertension (p value 0.504); there was a significant relationship between individual characteristics (genetic) and cases of hypertension (p value 0.000). 000); there was no significant relationship between individual characteristics (level of education) and cases of hypertension (p value 0.504); there was a significant relationship between individual characteristics (genetic) and cases of hypertension (p value 0.000)

Tree species diversity and utilities in a contracting lowland hillside rainforest fragment in Central Vietnam

Abstract Background Within the highly bio-diverse ‘Northern Vietnam Lowland Rain Forests Ecoregion’ only small, and mostly highly modified forestlands persist within vast exotic-species plantations. The aim of this study was to elucidate vegetation patterns of a secondary hillside rainforest remnant (elevation 120–330 m, 76 ha) as an outcome of natural processes, and anthropogenic processes linked to changing forest values. Methods In the rainforest remnant tree species and various bio-physical parameters (relating to soils and terrain) were surveyed on forty 20 m × 20 m sized plots. The forest's vegetation patterns and tree diversity were analysed using dendrograms, canonical correspondence analysis, and other statistical tools. Results Forest tree species richness was high (172 in the survey, 94 per hectare), including many endemic species (>16%; some recently described). Vegetation patterns and diversity were largely explained by topography, with colline/sub-montane species present mainly along hillside ridges, and lowland/humid-tropical species predominant on lower slopes. Scarcity of high-value timber species reflected past logging, whereas abundance of light-demanding species, and species valued for fruits, provided evidence of human-aided forest restoration and ‘enrichment’ in terms of useful trees. Exhaustion of sought-after forest products, and decreasing appreciation of non-wood products concurred with further encroachment of exotic plantations in between 2010 and 2015. Regeneration of rare tree species was reduced probably due to forest isolation. Conclusions Despite long-term anthropogenic influences, remnant forests in the lowlands of Vietnam can harbor high plant biodiversity, including many endangered species. Various successive future changes (vanishing species, generalist dominance, and associated forest structural-qualitative changes) are, however, expected to occur in small forest fragments. Lowland forest biodiversity can only be maintained if forest fragments maintain a certain size and/or are connected via corridors to larger forest networks. Preservation of the forests may be fostered using new economic incentive schemes

Spatial distribution and association patterns in a tropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of north-central Vietnam

Questions What are the prevailing types of intraspecific spatial distributions and interspecific association patterns at species and life stage levels of trees in a tropical rain forest? Which ecological processes could structure these patterns? Possible processes include dispersal limitation, self‐thinning, facilitation and competition between species and life stages. Location A tropical broad‐leaved forest in north‐central Vietnam. Methods We used univariate and bivariate pair‐correlation functions to investigate the spatial distribution and association patterns of 18 abundant tree species. To disentangle first‐ and second‐order effects, we used a scale separation approach with the heterogeneous Poisson process as null model. Results (1) Sixteen of 18 species had aggregated patterns at various scales and regardless of their abundance. (2) Significant and aggregated patterns were found in 64% of all specific life stages. (3) At scales up to 15 m, 12.4% species pairs showed significant associations, among that 71% were spatial attractions, 5% were spatial repulsions and 24% were non‐essential interactions. (4) In different life stage associations, attractions (81%) predominated over repulsions (19%) at small scales of up to 15 m. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that dispersal limitation may regulate the spatial patterns of tree species. Moreover, positive spatial associations between tree species and life stages suggest the presence of species herd protection and/or facilitation in this forest stand, while the persistence of intraspecific aggregation through life stages suggests a very late onset or even absence of self‐thinning. Habitat heterogeneity plays an important role for species distribution patterns, and the spatial segregation occurs at a scale around 15 m in this forest