Dynamic Capabilities and Resilient Organizations Amid Environmental Jolts

Despite a growing body of research on dynamic capabilities, their contribution to competitive advantage and firm performance, as well as their origins remain unclear. This three-essay dissertation integrates the literatures on dynamic capabilities, environmental jolts, and imprinting theory to examine the following research questions: 1) What is the relationship between dynamic capabilities and firm performance? 2) How do dynamic capabilities influence firm performance during environmental jolts? and 3) What is the role of industry conditions in the development of dynamic capabilities and the dynamic capabilities-performance relationship? While several scholars have suggested that dynamic capabilities should lead to superior firm performance, others put forth a more skeptical perspective. Thus, the exact nature of the relationship between dynamic capabilities and firm performance, and the contingencies that affect it remain a topic of heated theoretical debates and contradictory findings. Essay I addresses these issues by performing a meta-analysis of empirical studies on dynamic capabilities and firm performance published over the past two decades. Results provide support for an overall positive contribution of dynamic capabilities to performance, with evidence for a stronger relationship between the two constructs in emerging markets. Surprisingly, results suggest that dynamic capabilities contribute more to performance in moderately dynamic environments. Essay 2 examines whether and how dynamic capabilities contribute to organizational performance amid environmental jolts. Using a sample of firms operating in Israel during the 2008 global financial crisis, I found that dynamic managerial capability and dynamic knowledge-management capability were positively related to performance, while dynamic relationship management capability was not related to performance. Further, I found that interactions between pairs of these capabilities produce negative influences on performance, suggesting that these capabilities are substitutable. Thus, this essay contributes to theory and practice by examining the influence of dynamic capabilities on organizational performance during extremely unfavorable macro-environmental conditions. Essay 3 uses imprinting theory to argue that firms develop dynamic capabilities as an evolutionary means to successfully compete in their task environments. My analysis using a sample of multinational enterprises (MNEs) found that global industry dynamism had a positive effect on asset management capability. However, results also revealed that asset management capability had a negative impact on financial performance during the 2008 economic crisis, though this effect was positive for MNEs operating in munificent global industries. This study contributes to the dynamic capabilities literature by suggesting that dynamic capabilities may be an outcome of operating in dynamic task environments, rather than driving performance of firms in dynamic task environments. In addition, the findings suggest that some dynamic capabilities may have negative performance implications during times of crisis, and that the availability of critical resources in the environment is complementary to dynamic capability deployment

The Devil is in the Details:Zooming out in Leadership Research

Leadership research has evolved towards increasing conceptual and methodological precision, yielding refined constructs and robust empirical insights. However, this editorial argues that a singular focus on precision risks fragmenting the field and distancing scholarship from the complex realities of organizational life. Drawing on contributions from JMS, this thematic collection illustrates how leadership is a dynamic, contextually embedded phenomenon shaped by interdependent forces. By ‘zooming out’, scholarship can better reflect the messy, adaptive nature of leadership and offer more actionable insights for leaders navigating today’s organizational challenges. We propose a multidimensional framework – breadth, depth, and height – to reintroduce complexity into leadership studies. Breadth captures the diversity of leadership styles and disciplinary perspectives; depth explores the psychological, symbolic, and relational undercurrents of those diverse perspectives; and height examines how diverse perspectives play out differently across hierarchical levels and systems.</p

Psychological Safety: A Meta‐Analytic Review and Extension

Although psychological safety research has flourished in recent years, and despite the empirical support for the important role of psychological safety in the workplace, several critical questions remain. In order to address these questions, we aggregate theoretical and empirical works, and draw on 136 independent samples representing over 22,000 individuals and nearly 5,000 groups, to conduct a comprehensivemeta-analysis on the antecedents and outcomes of psychological safety. We not only present the nomological network of psychological safety but also extend this research in 4 important ways. First, we compare effect sizes to determine the relative effectiveness of antecedents to psychological safety. Second, we examine the extent to which psychological safety influences both task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors over and beyond related concepts such as positive leader relations and work engagement. Third, we examine whether research design characteristics and national culture alter validities within the nomological network, thus promoting a more accurate and contextualized understanding of psychological safety. Finally, we test the homology assumption by comparing the effect sizes of the antecedents and outcomes of psychological safety across individual and group levels of analysis. We conclude with a discussion of the areas in need of future examination

The Devil is in the details: Zooming out in leadership research

Leadership research has evolved toward increasing conceptual and methodological precision, yielding refined constructs and robust empirical insights. However, this editorial argues that a singular focus on precision risks fragmenting the field and distancing scholarship from the complex realities of organizational life. Drawing on contributions from JMS, this thematic collection illustrates how leadership is a dynamic, contextually embedded phenomenon shaped by interdependent forces. By “zooming out,” scholarship can better reflect the messy, adaptive nature of leadership and offer more actionable insights for leaders navigating today’s organizational challenges. We propose a multidimensional framework—breadth, depth, and height—to reintroduce complexity into leadership studies. Breadth captures the diversity of leadership styles and disciplinary perspectives; depth explores the psychological, symbolic, and relational undercurrents of those diverse perspectives; and height examines how diverse perspectives play out differently across hierarchical levels and systems

Institutional complementarity and substitution as an internationalization strategy: the emergence of an African multinational giant

Research Summary: We examine the internationalization decisions made by one of Africa's most successful companies, South African Breweries, as it underwent a period of aggressive expansion. We see processes of both institutional complementarity and substitution at different phases and with different motives. At first it sought countries that played to its strength, namely the knowledge of doing business in environments of institutional uncertainty, but later it pursued an institutional diversification strategy whereby it attempted to minimize its institutional risk exposure. As it became larger, its aspirations increased too, and its over-exposure to emerging market institutional risk saw it engage in institutional substitution into advanced countries. Through this phased international process, it was able to develop its internal assets, and this enabled the moves into developed markets. Managerial summary: We demonstrate that firms can exploit their knowledge of ‘weak’ institutional settings and turn it into a source of advantage as they internationalize into locations with similar institutional ‘weaknesses.’ Using the case of one of Africa's most successful multinational enterprises, we illustrate the value gained from initially capitalizing upon institutional complementarity (utilizing the comparative advantage linked to institutional know-how) by exploiting the experience of the home country's environment into similar settings. Over time and through learning-by-doing, pressure arose to diversify the risk linked with over-exposure to institutional uncertainty and country risk, and this was associated with the process of institutional substitution into more advanced countries. We see emerging multinational learning and building its capabilities by leveraging its understanding of its home country institutional environment

The S-shaped relationship between open innovation and financial performance:A longitudinal perspective using a novel text-based measure

Research on the financial performance outcomes of open innovation has been equivocal and often relies on cross-sectional data and problematic assumptions about the role of the external context. A longitudinal perspective is crucial for gaining a better understanding of the potential of decreasing innovation utility as well as the conditions under which the costs of open innovation may counteract its benefits. Additionally, much of the research largely ignores the potential role and benefits of closed innovation. In this study, we address these issues by developing a theory related to how the benefits and costs of open innovation lead to an S-shaped relationship between the degree of openness – ranging from closed to low, medium, and high levels of open innovation – and a firm's financial performance. Furthermore, we investigate two possible contingencies in which this relationship is more pronounced: in industries with high appropriability, optimizing firms' ability to extract value from innovation and in dynamic industries, where coordinating high open innovation activities amid rapid changes is exceedingly costly. To test our hypotheses, we create a longitudinal measure for firms' degree of open innovation by using machine-learning content analyses to build an open innovation dictionary and then applying this dictionary to analyze the 10-K annual reports of &gt;9000 publicly listed firms in the U.S. between 1994 and 2017. The results support our theorizing that the relationship between the degree of open innovation and firm financial performance is S-shaped and that industries' appropriability regimes and environmental dynamism are critical boundary conditions for this relationship.<br/

The S-shaped relationship between open innovation and financial performance: A longitudinal perspective using a novel text-based measure

Research on the financial performance outcomes of open innovation has been equivocal and often relies on cross-sectional data and problematic assumptions about the role of the external context. A longitudinal perspective is crucial for gaining a better understanding of the potential of decreasing innovation utility as well as the conditions under which the costs of open innovation may counteract its benefits. Additionally, much of the research largely ignores the potential role and benefits of closed innovation. In this study, we address these issues by developing a theory related to how the benefits and costs of open innovation lead to an S-shaped relationship between the degree of openness – ranging from closed to low, medium, and high levels of open innovation – and a firm's financial performance. Furthermore, we investigate two possible contingencies in which this relationship is more pronounced: in industries with high appropriability, optimizing firms' ability to extract value from innovation and in dynamic industries, where coordinating high open innovation activities amid rapid changes is exceedingly costly. To test our hypotheses, we create a longitudinal measure for firms' degree of open innovation by using machine-learning content analyses to build an open innovation dictionary and then applying this dictionary to analyze the 10-K annual reports of >9000 publicly listed firms in the U.S. between 1994 and 2017. The results support our theorizing that the relationship between the degree of open innovation and firm financial performance is S-shaped and that industries' appropriability regimes and environmental dynamism are critical boundary conditions for this relationship

Does board independence influence financial performance in IPO firms? The moderating role of the national business system

Prior evidence suggests that board independence may enhance financial performance, but this relationship has been tested almost exclusively for Anglo-American countries. To explore the boundary conditions of this prominent governance mechanism, we examine the impact of the formal and information institutions of 18 national business systems on the board independence-financial performance relationship. Our results show that while the direct effect of independence is weak, national-level institutions significantly moderate the independence-performance relationship. Our findings suggest that the efficacy of board structures is likely to be contingent on the specific national context, but the type of legal system is insignificant

Литейная форма

Полезная модель относится к литейным формам, имеющим защитное покрытие. Технической задачей полезной модели является создание литейных форм, в том числе и крупных с красочным слоем на рабочей поверхности, обеспечивающей получение тяжелых отливок без ужимин и газовых раковин. Поставленная задача решается за счет того, что красочный защитный слой формы выполнен дискретным, а именно в виде отдельных окрашенных площадок, с зазорами между ними из неокрашенной поверхности формы. Зазоры между отдельными площадками краски позволяют при заполнении формы расплавом свободно удалятся газам, образующимся в стенке формы, а площадкам свободно расширяться, кроме того, абсолютное значение температурного расширения каждой отдельной площадки будет во много раз меньше непрерывного слоя краски, тем самым исключается уровень напряжений способный отслоить краску от стенки формы

Устройство для электроэрозионного легирования

Полезная модель относится к электрофизическим методам обработки, в частности к электроискровому легированию режущего инструмента, штамповой оснаски и деталей машин. Техническим результатом полезной модели является повышение производительности процесса и качества электроэрозионного легирования поверхности деталей. Технический результат достигается за счет устройства для электроэрозионного легирования, включающего источник переменного напряжения, подключенных к нему катушку вибратора с электродом-инструментом, электрод-детали, мостовой выпрямитель, между положительным и отрицательным выходами которого подключены последовательно соединенные активное сопротивление и конденсатор, разрядный контур которого выполнен из двух изолированных проводников, один из которых подключен между положительной обкладкой конденсатора и электродом-инструментом, а второй - между отрицательной обкладкой конденсатора и электродом-детали, согласно полезной модели, разрядный контур конденсатора выполнен малоиндуктивным, а именно, в виде коаксиального кабеля