Живые процессы в лингвокультуре Сенегала и в языке волоф в период глобализации

The article deals with the analysis of linguistic units of the language Wolof, representing one of the foundations of the formation of linguocultural competence that promote intercultural communication on the basis of which the formation of a syncretic variant of the language. In the work identified factors of new, roughly developing Senegalese urban culture. Senegal is experiencing the same cultural impact, as the rest of the open world. First of all, is the point of convergence of elite and folk variants of a national language.Статья посвящена проблеме анализа лингвокультурных единиц языка волоф, представляющих одну из основ формирования лингвокультурной компетенции, способствующей межкультурной коммуникации, на базе которой возможно формирование синкретического варианта этого языка. В работе обозначены факторы новой, бурно развивающейся, сенегальской городской лингвокультуры. Сенегал испытывает то же культурное влияние, что и остальной открытый мир. Прежде всего, происходит сближение элитарных и народных вариантов национального языка

Vulnerability of Street Trees in Upper Midwest Cities to Climate Change

Urban trees play an important role in helping cities adapt to climate change, but also are vulnerable to changes in climate themselves. We developed an approach for assessing vulnerability of urban tree species and cultivars commonly planted in cities in the United States Upper Midwest to current and projected climate change through the end of the 21st century. One hundred seventy-eight tree species were evaluated for their adaptive capacity to a suite of current and future-projected climate and urban stressors using a weighted scoring system based on an extensive literature review. These scores were then evaluated and adjusted by leading experts in arboriculture in the region. Each species or cultivar’s USDA Hardiness Zone and American Horticultural Society Heat Zone tolerance was compared to current and future heat and hardiness zones for 14 municipalities across Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota using statistically downscaled climate data. Species adaptive capacity and zone tolerance was combined to assign each species one of five vulnerability categories for each location. We determined the number of species and trees in each category based on the most recent municipal street tree data for each location. Under a scenario of less climate change (RCP 4.5), fewer than 2% of trees in each municipality were considered highly vulnerable across all 14 municipalities. Under a scenario of greater change (RCP 8.5), upward of 25% of trees were considered highly vulnerable in some locations. However, the number of vulnerable trees varied greatly by location, primarily because of differences in projected summer high temperatures rather than differences in species composition. Urban foresters can use this information as a complement to other more traditional considerations used when selecting trees for planting

As paixões da alma na ética aristotélica: genealogia, natureza e finalidade

Após uma breve contextualização de Aristóteles, que passa pela razão mítica e a emergência da razão filosófica, nos voltamos para ética aristotélica nos perguntando sobre o seu arché: a transcendência reside agora na imanência da comunidade e na busca de felicidade

Red and White Blood Cell Counts Are Associated With Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue, Bone Mineral Density, and Bone Microarchitecture in Premenopausal Women

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) resides within the bone marrow microenvironment where its function remains poorly understood. BMAT is elevated in anorexia nervosa, a disease model of chronic starvation, despite depletion of other fat depots. In addition to BMAT, the marrow microenvironment also consists of osteoblast and hematopoietic progenitors. BMAT is inversely associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in multiple populations including women with anorexia nervosa, and regulates hematopoiesis in animal models. We hypothesized that BMAT would be associated with circulating populations of hematopoietic cells (red and white blood cells) in humans and performed a post hoc analysis of two studies—a cross‐sectional study and a longitudinal study—to investigate this hypothesis. We studied 89 premenopausal women cross‐sectionally (median age [interquartile range], 27 [24.5, 31.7] years), including 35 with anorexia nervosa. We investigated associations between red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts and BMAT assessed by 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy, BMD assessed by DXA, and bone microarchitecture assessed by HR‐pQCT. In addition, we analyzed longitudinal data in six premenopausal women with anorexia nervosa treated with transdermal estrogen for 6 months and measured changes in BMAT and blood cell counts during treatment. Cross‐sectionally, BMAT was inversely associated with WBC and RBC counts. In contrast, BMD and parameters of bone microarchitecture were positively associated with WBC and RBC. In women with anorexia nervosa treated with transdermal estrogen for 6 months, decreases in BMAT were significantly associated with increases in both RBC and hematocrit (rho = −0.83, p = 0.04 for both). In conclusion, we show that BMAT is inversely associated with WBC and RBC in premenopausal women, and there is a potential association between longitudinal changes in BMAT and changes in RBC. These associations warrant further study and may provide further insight into the role and function of this understudied adipose depot. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155991/1/jbmr3986.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155991/2/jbmr3986_am.pd

Playing for and against the nation: football in interwar Romania

The article explores the development of football in interwar Romania, stressing its role in the dissemination and grounding of Romanian nationalism. I show how, due to its modular form, the game of football was deeply involved in the efforts of centralizing, territorializing and naturalizing the Romanian nation-state of the interwar period. The founding of the leading Romanian sports club at the University of Cluj and the selection of the national representative for the Paris Olympics of 1924, in conjunction with the institutional infrastructure developed to nationally regulate and control the game, are used to present the acute tensions between local/regional and national aspirations and projects, with a strong ethnic component, that have shaped the history of the game in Romania. I argue that the increasing calls for the full Romanianization of football in the 1930s have their immediate roots in these tensions and frictions.</jats:p