Is there a link between unemployment and criminality in the us economy? Further evidence

Using Markov-Switching models, this paper studies the existence of a relationship between the unemployment rate and four different types of crimes in the U.S. economy. After it, using the non-parametric Concordance Index of Harding and Pagan (2002, 2006), the correlation between the cycles of unemployment rate and crime variables is determined. Results confirm that there is no significant relationship between the unemployment rate, burglary and motor-vehicle theft. However, the unemployment rate has a significant relationship with robbery and larceny. The contemporaneous relationship is positive for robbery and negative for larceny. However, it turns to be positive between the lagged values of the unemployment rate and larceny.Markov-Switching Models, Cycles, Unemployment, Crime.

An Entourage Approach to the Contraction Principle in Uniform Spaces Endowed with a Graph

In this paper, we study Banach contractions in uniform spaces endowed with a graph and give some sufficient conditions for a mapping to be a Picard operator. Our main results generalize some results of [J. Jachymski, "The contraction principle for mappings on a metric space with a graph", Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 136 (2008) 1359-1373] employing the basic entourages of the uniform space.Comment: 20 page

Manipulation of Giant Faraday Rotation in Graphene Metasurfaces

Faraday rotation is a fundamental magneto-optical phenomenon used in various optical control and magnetic field sensing techniques. Recently, it was shown that a giant Faraday rotation can be achieved in the low-THz regime by a single monoatomic graphene layer. Here, we demonstrate that this exceptional property can be manipulated through adequate nano-patterning, notably achieving giant rotation up to 6THz with features no smaller than 100nm. The effect of the periodic patterning on the Faraday rotation is predicted by a simple physical model, which is then verified and refined through accurate full-wave simulations.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Applied Physics Letter

The impact of detergents on the mortality of Daphnia magna

This study aimed to examine the impact of detergents on the mortality rate of Daphnia magna. For this purpose, we exposed one-day-old Daphnia magna for 24 hours to six nationwide consumed detergents, comprising of two dishwasher detergents, three washing-powders (one for hand wash and two for washing-machines) and one shampoo. The result of our study revealed that the dishwasher detergents had the greatest impact on the Daphnia magna mortality. One of these detergents containing 17% Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate, 5% Deethanolamine and 2% Lauric acid Ethanolamid was the most lethal detergent in this study. The permissible concentration and the EC50 of this dishwasher detergent is 4.7 mg/1 and 7.5 mg/1, respectively. Studies in 1993 indicated that the concentration of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate in some part of Anzali Lagoon had been 8.9 mg/1, which is above the permissible level. Among the washing-powders, the washing-machine powders were the least lethal detergents for Daphnia magna (EC50 = 50.9), while the only tested shampoo was the least lethal (EC50 = 52) detergent for Daphnia magna correlation coefficient between logarithm of concentration of the detergents and the mortality rate of Daphnia magna were 79% - 99%

An investigation on the effects of varying calcium concentrations on the growth and biomass of Chlorella vulgaris

The likely effects of varying Calcium concentrations on the growth and biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris algae have been studied during 2003-2004 in the Bony Fish Research Centre in Guilan Province, Iran. We cultured pure Chlorella vulgaris stocks in Zinder media applying seven Calcium concentrations as treatments, 3 replicates for each treatment and one control. The laboratory experiments lasted 96 hours during which the temperature and light intensity were kept at 25±2 degrees centigrade and 3500±350 lux respectively. Spectrophotometer assessment of the samples at a wavelength of 750 nm and visual counting at the start and end of the experiments were carried out to assess the growth and biomass of the green algae. Statistical analysis of the results in SPSS software showed the effective Calcium concentration to be between 0.1 to 15 mg/l while the highest growth of the algae was reached at 2.8 mg/l where as in control group (Z-8±N) the amounts was 9.2 mg/l. Density of the algae was 17575675 cells per milliliter of the culture medium and the absorption rate was 0.542 and algae biomass was 17676 cells per milliliter. Calcium concentrations above these rates can have a negative effect on the growth and biomass production of the algae