Calculateur d’impact pour la transition énergétique

Ce travail de Bachelor est réalisé en été 2016 par Guillaume Fallet, étudiant à la HES- SO Valais/Wallis en filière informatique de gestion et est suivi par M. Arnaud Zufferey, professeur dans cette même école. L’idée est venue du professeur Philippe Jacquod de l’ISI. L’objectif principal est de développer un calculateur en ligne qui permet la visualisation de la transition énergétique en Suisse jusqu’à l’année 2050. Ce calculateur est composé d’une série de paramètres que l’utilisateur peut modifier pour ensuite afficher sous forme de graphiques l’évolution de la consommation ainsi que la production des différentes sources d’électricité. Le calculateur est entièrement développé en « HTML / CSS / JavaScript » et est donc accessible depuis un navigateur web

Prediction of protein and amylose content and gelatinization temperature of rice at different stages of processing

Some components as well as starch properties influence cooking and eating quality of rice. Routine methods to analyse these characteristics are developed on ground milled rice and are time consuming. A large quantity of raw rice (minimum = 50g to 100g) must be milled and then ground before being used for analysis. The present study focused on developing NIRS calibrations to predict amylose and protein content, and gelatinization temperature (GT) from samples at three stages of processing : brown rice, milled rice and ground milled rice. For this purpose, a large and diverse population of rice varieties used by breeders throughout the world and obtained in controlled conditions was used. A total of more than 700 samples were analysed using laboratory reference methods. The NIR spectra of ground milled samples (700) were collected in diffuse reflectance using a FOSS Nirsystem 6500. Additionally, spectra of 506 of the whole milled rices and 255 of brown rices were scanned by NIRS before further processing stages. Partial Least Squares models were used to establish quantitative relations between each NIR database and protein and amylose content and GT values. The performance of calibrations developed for ground milled rice were SECV = 0.15%, r2 = 1.0, RPD (SD/SECV) = 9.5 for Protein content and SECV = 0.99%, r-2 = 0.93, RPD = 2.9 for amylose content. NIRS can also predict protein content from whole milled rices and brown rices spectra with respectively SECV = 0.27% and 0.25%, r2 = 0.99 and 0.98, RPD = 5.5 and 3.8. Calibration models developed for the three stages of rice processing allowed to use them to predict the gelatinization temperature with a good accuracy SECV < 2 and RPD = 3.5 and 2.5 for ground milled rice to brown rice respectively. For amylose content, the performance of calibrations for whole milled and brown rices are lower and can be used only for a screening of varieties for breeders for example. It is concluded that NIRS is suitable for prediction of protein, amylase and GT from ground milled rice, and that protein content and GT can even be accurately predicted from whole grains after or before milling process, which can be extremely useful in practice. [Résumé d'auteur

Gastrointestinal motility during sleep assessed by tracking of telemetric capsules combined with polysomnography - a pilot study.

Studies of gastrointestinal function during sleep are hampered by lack of applicable techniques. Recent development of a novel ambulatory telemetric capsule system, which can be used in conjunction with polysomnography, offers a solution to this problem. The 3D-Transit system consists of ingestible electromagnetic capsules traceable through a portable extracorporeal receiver while traversing the gut. During sleep monitored by polysomnography, gastrointestinal motility was concurrently investigated using 3D-Transit in nine healthy subjects. Overall, the amplitude of gastric contractions decreased with depth of sleep (light sleep, N2 versus deep sleep, N3; P<0.05). Progression through the small intestine did not change with depth of sleep (Kruskal-Wallis probability =0.1), and there was no association between nocturnal awakenings or arousals and the occurrence of colonic or small intestinal propagating movements. Basal colonic activity was suppressed during both deep sleep (P<0.05) and light sleep (P<0.05) when compared with nocturnal wake periods. In conclusion, the novel ambulatory 3D-Transit system combined with polysomnography allows minimally invasive and completely ambulatory investigation of associations between sleep patterns and gastrointestinal motility