Elucidation of Fungicide Resistance Mechanisms in Fusarium fujikuroi

岐阜大学(Gifu University)博士(農学)博士論文 (Doctoral dissertation)doctoral thesi

Track Anything: Segment Anything Meets Videos

Recently, the Segment Anything Model (SAM) gains lots of attention rapidly due to its impressive segmentation performance on images. Regarding its strong ability on image segmentation and high interactivity with different prompts, we found that it performs poorly on consistent segmentation in videos. Therefore, in this report, we propose Track Anything Model (TAM), which achieves high-performance interactive tracking and segmentation in videos. To be detailed, given a video sequence, only with very little human participation, i.e., several clicks, people can track anything they are interested in, and get satisfactory results in one-pass inference. Without additional training, such an interactive design performs impressively on video object tracking and segmentation. All resources are available on {https://github.com/gaomingqi/Track-Anything}. We hope this work can facilitate related research.Comment: Tech-repor

Social Health Insurance Coverage and Financial Protection Among Rural-to-Urban Internal Migrants in China: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study

INTRODUCTION: Migrants are a vulnerable population and could experience various challenges and barriers to accessing health insurance. Health insurance coverage protects migrants from financial loss related to illness and death. We assessed social health insurance (SHI) coverage and its financial protection effect among rural-to-urban internal migrants (IMs) in China. METHODS: Data from the \u272014 National Internal Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey\u27 were used. We categorised 170 904 rural-to-urban IMs according to their SHI status, namely uninsured by SHI, insured by the rural SHI scheme (new rural cooperative medical scheme (NCMS)) or the urban SHI schemes (urban employee-based basic medical insurance (UEBMI)/urban resident-based basic medical insurance (URBMI)), and doubly insured (enrolled in both rural and urban schemes). Financial protection was defined as \u27the percentage of out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for the latest inpatient service during the past 12 months in the total household expenditure\u27. RESULTS: The uninsured rate of SHI and the NCMS, UEBMI/URBMI and double insurance coverage in rural-to-urban IMs was 17.3% (95% CI 16.9% to 17.7%), 66.6% (66.0% to 67.1%), 22.6% (22.2% to 23.0%) and 5.5% (5.3% to 5.7%), respectively. On average, financial protection indicator among uninsured, only NCMS insured, only URBMI/UEBMI insured and doubly insured participants was 13.3%, 9.2%, 6.2% and 5.8%, respectively (p=0.004). After controlling for confounding factors and adjusting the protection effect of private health insurance, compared with no SHI, the UEBMI/URBMI, the NCMS and double insurance could reduce the average percentage share of OOP payments by 33.9% (95% CI 25.5% to 41.4%), 14.1% (6.6% to 20.9%) and 26.8% (11.0% to 39.7%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Although rural-to-urban IMs face barriers to accessing SHI schemes, our findings confirm the positive financial protection effect of SHI. Improving availability and portability of health insurance would promote financial protection for IMs, and further facilitate achieving universal health coverage in China and other countries that face migration-related obstacles to achieve universal coverage

No-insulation high temperature superconductor winding technique for electrical aircraft propulsion

High-temperature superconductor (HTS) machine is a promising candidate for the electrical aircraft propulsion due to its great advantage in high power density. However, the HTS machine always suffers the problem of low thermal stability during quench. In this article, we apply a no-insulation (NI) coil technique on the rotor windings of HTS machines to enhance the stability and safety of the electrical aircraft. The NI HTS rotor windings experience ripple magnetic fields, which leads to induced eddy currents through turn-to-turn contacts. This induced current and accompanying losses will considerably affect the practicality of this technique. To study this issue, an equivalent circuit network model is developed, and it is validated by experiments. Then, analysis using this model shows that most of induced current flows in the outermost turns of the NI HTS coil because of skin effect, and lower turn-to-turn resistivity leads to higher transport current induced and more significant accumulation of turn-to-turn loss. A grading turn-to-turn resistivity is proposed to reduce the transport current induced and ac loss accumulation and meanwhile keep the high thermal stability of the NI HTS coil. Optimization of turn-to-turn resistivity is required when the NI HTS coil is applied in the machines' environments

Spatial distribution and cluster analysis of risky sexual behaviours and STDs reported by Chinese adults in Guangzhou, China: a representative population-based study

To assess associations between residences location, risky sexual behaviours and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among adults living in Guangzhou, China

Is there a relationship between geographic distance and uptake of HIV testing services? A representative population-based study of Chinese adults in Guangzhou, China

Achieving high coverage of HIV testing services is critical in many health systems, especially where HIV testing services remain centralized and inconvenient for many. As a result, planning the optimal spatial distribution of HIV testing sites is increasingly important. We aimed to assess the relationship between geographic distance and uptake of HIV testing services among the general population in Guangzhou, China. Utilizing spatial epidemiological methods and stratified household random sampling, we studied 666 adults aged 18–59. Computer-assisted interviews assessed self-reported HIV testing history. Spatial scan statistic assessed the clustering of participants who have ever been tested for HIV, and two-level logistic regression models assessed the association between uptake of HIV testing and the mean driving distance from the participant’s residence to all HIV testing sites in the research sites. The percentage of participants who have ever been tested for HIV was 25.2% (168/666, 95%CI: 21.9%, 28.5%), and the majority (82.7%) of participants tested for HIV in Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, public hospitals or STIs clinics. None reported using self-testing. Spatial clustering analyses found a hotspot included 48 participants who have ever been tested for HIV and 25.8 expected cases (Rate Ratio = 1.86, P = 0.002). Adjusted two-level logistic regression found an inverse relationship between geographic distance (kilometers) and ever being tested for HIV (aOR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.84, 0.96). Married or cohabiting participants (aOR = 2.14, 95%CI: 1.09, 4.20) and those with greater social support (aOR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.07) were more likely to be tested for HIV. Our findings underscore the importance of considering the geographical distribution of HIV testing sites to increase testing. In addition, expanding HIV testing coverage by introducing non-facility based HIV testing services and self-testing might be useful to achieve the goal that 90% of people living with HIV knowing their HIV status by the year 2020

Tracheobronchomegaly: a case series and review of the literature

BackgroundTracheobronchomegaly (TBM) is a rare condition characterized by abnormal dilation of the trachea and main bronchi owing to a pathological arrangement of smooth muscle fibers. Early identification and intervention are vital to halting progressive lung damage and improving the quality of life. This study aimed to examine the clinical characteristics, radiological features, and related complications in patients with TBM.Methods11 TBM cases were retrospectively identified through a review of chest computed tomography (CT) scans at our hospital between January 2018 and July 2025. We collected sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 10 patients, and their clinical, radiological, and pulmonary function data were systematically collected and analyzed to assess disease characteristics and complications.ResultsAll 11 patients were male (mean age 79.2 ± 9.1 years). The main symptoms included recurrent infections, hemoptysis, productive cough, and dyspnea. The mean tracheal diameter was 32.4 [interquartile range (IQR):31.4–45.8]mm. Diverticula were present in four cases (36.4%, n = 4). Complications included bronchiectasis (45.5%, n = 5), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (36.4%, n = 4), respiratory failure (9.1%, n = 1), tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (9.1%, n = 1), and interstitial lung disease (9.1%, n = 1). Pulmonary function tests revealed obstructive (36.4%, n = 4), restrictive (27.3%, n = 3), and mixed (9.1%, n = 1) patterns. One patient died of respiratory failure.ConclusionIn this study, 11 cases involving a variety complications were analyzed in light of the current literature. TBM should be considered in patients who present with chronic cough, recurrent pulmonary infections, and bronchiectasis

Acrosome Reaction of Sperm in the Mud Crab Scylla serrata as a Sensitive Toxicity Test for Metal Exposures

【英文摘要】In order to test the sensitivity of the sperm cell of the mud crab Scylla serrata to heavy metals, the toxic effects of Ag+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ on the acrosome reaction (AR) were studied by artificially inducing the AR of sperm exposed to heavy metals, counting the AR rates by light microscopy, and observing structural changes in sperm by transmission electron microscopy. The AR in S. serrata occurs at two stages. The first stage (ARI) is the eversion of the subacrosomal material. The second stage (ARII) is the ejection of the acrosomal filament. The results showed the EC50 values of the AR based on (ARI + ARII)% for Ag+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ were 10.02, 2.14, 13.69, and 2.21 μg/L, and the EC50 values based on ARII % of Ag+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ were 1.96, 0.20, 1.46, and 0.34 μg/L. The order of toxicity is Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Cu2+ > Ag+ based on the percentage of reacted sperm at the second stage. Sperm cells exposed to heavy metals showed an increased rate of swelling, shape irregularities, and the acrosomal filament of some sperm cells was, crooked, ruptured, and even dissolved. The AR of the sperm cell from S. serrata is more sensitive to the tested heavy metals compared to sea urchin sperm cell toxicity tests

When herpes simplex virus encephalitis meets antiviral innate immunity

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common pathogen of infectious encephalitis, accounting for nearly half of the confirmed cases of encephalitis. Its clinical symptoms are often atypical. HSV PCR in cerebrospinal fluid is helpful for diagnosis, and the prognosis is usually satisfactory after regular antiviral treatment. Interestingly, some patients with recurrent encephalitis have little antiviral effect. HSV PCR in cerebrospinal fluid is negative, but glucocorticoid has a significant effect after treatment. Specific antibodies, such as the NMDA receptor antibody, the GABA receptor antibody, and even some unknown antibodies, can be isolated from cerebrospinal fluid, proving that the immune system contributes to recurrent encephalitis, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Based on recent studies, we attempt to summarize the relationship between herpes simplex encephalitis and innate immunity, providing more clues for researchers to explore this field further