Visual Tracking based on Cooperative model

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a cooperative model combined the multi-task reverse sparse representation model (MTRSR) and the AdaBoost classifier, which were used to cope with the disturbing of target gradient information caused by motion blur or target serious occlusion, and a descriptive dictionary were used to estimate the weights of each candidates. First, we use the MTRSR model to get the blur kernel which were used to get the blur target template set, meanwhile the confidence of the candidates is also obtained by the reconstruction error. Then we use the HOG features of the target templates to get the descriptive dictionary to calculate the weights of the candidates, and a AdaBoost classifier is used to calculate the confidences of all candidates. Finally, the best target is retrieved by the sum of production of weight value and the two confidences. The experimental data show that the proposed algorithm can fully cope with the target’s information change which were caused by motion blur and target occlusion in the complex scene, and our algorithm can further improve the accuracy and robustness in visual tracking.Abstract In this paper, we propose a cooperative model combined the multi-task reverse sparse representation model (MTRSR) and the AdaBoost classifier, which were used to cope with the disturbing of target gradient information caused by motion blur or target serious occlusion, and a descriptive dictionary were used to estimate the weights of each candidates. First, we use the MTRSR model to get the blur kernel which were used to get the blur target template set, meanwhile the confidence of the candidates is also obtained by the reconstruction error. Then we use the HOG features of the target templates to get the descriptive dictionary to calculate the weights of the candidates, and a AdaBoost classifier is used to calculate the confidences of all candidates. Finally, the best target is retrieved by the sum of production of weight value and the two confidences. The experimental data show that the proposed algorithm can fully cope with the target’s information change which were caused by motion blur and target occlusion in the complex scene, and our algorithm can further improve the accuracy and robustness in visual tracking

Overview of Digital Image Restoration

Image restoration is an image processing technology with great practical value in the field of computer vision. It is a computer technology that estimates the image information of the damaged area according to the residual image information of the damaged image and carries out automatic repair. This article firstly classify and summarize image restoration algorithms, and describe recent advances in the research respectively from three aspects including image restoration based on partial differential equation, based on the texture of image restoration and based on deep learning, then make the brief analysis of digital image restoration of subjective and objective evaluation method, and briefly summarize application of digital image restoration technique in the future and prospects, provide direction for the research on image after repair

Interleukin 15 Primes Natural Killer Cells to Kill via NKG2D and cPLA2 and This Pathway Is Active in Psoriatic Arthritis

NK cells are large granular lymphocytes that form a critical component of the innate immune system, whose functions include the killing of cells expressing stress-induced molecules. It is increasingly accepted that despite being considered prototypical effector cells, NK cells require signals to reach their full cytotoxic potential. We previously showed that IL-15 is capable of arming CD8 effector T cells to kill independently of their TCR via NKG2D in a cPLA2-dependent process. As NK cells also express NKG2D, we wanted to investigate whether this pathway functioned in an analogous manner and if resting NK cells could be primed to the effector phase by IL-15. Furthermore, to establish relevance to human disease we studied a possible role for this pathway in the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis, since there are aspects of this disease that suggest a potential effector role for the innate immune system. We found that PsA patients had upregulated IL-15 and MIC in their affected synovial tissues, and that this unique inflammatory environment enabled NK cell activation and killing via NKG2D and cPLA2. Moreover, we were able to reproduce the phenotype of joint NK cells from blood NK cells by incubating them with IL-15. Altogether, these findings suggest a destructive role for NK cells when activated by environmental stress signals during the pathogenesis of PsA and demonstrate that IL-15 is capable of priming resting NK cells in tissues to the effector phase.</p

Interleukin 15 Primes Natural Killer Cells to Kill via NKG2D and cPLA2 and This Pathway Is Active in Psoriatic Arthritis

NK cells are large granular lymphocytes that form a critical component of the innate immune system, whose functions include the killing of cells expressing stress-induced molecules. It is increasingly accepted that despite being considered prototypical effector cells, NK cells require signals to reach their full cytotoxic potential. We previously showed that IL-15 is capable of arming CD8 effector T cells to kill independently of their TCR via NKG2D in a cPLA2-dependent process. As NK cells also express NKG2D, we wanted to investigate whether this pathway functioned in an analogous manner and if resting NK cells could be primed to the effector phase by IL-15. Furthermore, to establish relevance to human disease we studied a possible role for this pathway in the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis, since there are aspects of this disease that suggest a potential effector role for the innate immune system. We found that PsA patients had upregulated IL-15 and MIC in their affected synovial tissues, and that this unique inflammatory environment enabled NK cell activation and killing via NKG2D and cPLA2. Moreover, we were able to reproduce the phenotype of joint NK cells from blood NK cells by incubating them with IL-15. Altogether, these findings suggest a destructive role for NK cells when activated by environmental stress signals during the pathogenesis of PsA and demonstrate that IL-15 is capable of priming resting NK cells in tissues to the effector phase

A catalog of microbial genes from the bovine rumen unveils a specialized and diverse biomass-degrading environment

Background The rumen microbiota provides essential services to its host and, through its role in ruminant production, contributes to human nutrition and food security. A thorough knowledge of the genetic potential of rumen microbes will provide opportunities for improving the sustainability of ruminant production systems. The availability of gene reference catalogs from gut microbiomes has advanced the understanding of the role of the microbiota in health and disease in humans and other mammals. In this work, we established a catalog of reference prokaryote genes from the bovine rumen. Results Using deep metagenome sequencing we identified 13,825,880 non-redundant prokaryote genes from the bovine rumen. Compared to human, pig, and mouse gut metagenome catalogs, the rumen is larger and richer in functions and microbial species associated with the degradation of plant cell wall material and production of methane. Genes encoding enzymes catalyzing the breakdown of plant polysaccharides showed a particularly high richness that is otherwise impossible to infer from available genomes or shallow metagenomics sequencing. The catalog expands the dataset of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes described in the rumen. Using an independent dataset from a group of 77 cattle fed 4 common dietary regimes, we found that only <0.1% of genes were shared by all animals, which contrast with a large overlap for functions, i.e., 63% for KEGG functions. Different diets induced differences in the relative abundance rather than the presence or absence of genes, which explains the great adaptability of cattle to rapidly adjust to dietary changes. Conclusions These data bring new insights into functions, carbohydrate-degrading enzymes, and microbes of the rumen to complement the available information on microbial genomes. The catalog is a significant biological resource enabling deeper understanding of phenotypes and biological processes and will be expanded as new data are made available.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cytosolic PLA2 is required for CTL-mediated immunopathology of celiac disease via NKG2D and IL-15

IL-15 and NKG2D promote autoimmunity and celiac disease by arming cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to cause tissue destruction. However, the downstream signaling events underlying these functional properties remain unclear. Here, we identify cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) as a central molecule in NKG2D-mediated cytolysis in CTLs. Furthermore, we report that NKG2D induces, upon recognition of MIC+ target cells, the release of arachidonic acid (AA) by CTLs to promote tissue inflammation in association with target killing. Interestingly, IL-15, which licenses NKG2D-mediated lymphokine killer activity in CTLs, cooperates with NKG2D to induce cPLA2 activation and AA release. Finally, cPLA2 activation in intraepithelial CTLs of celiac patients provides an in vivo pathophysiological dimension to cPLA2 activation in CTLs. These results reveal an unrecognized link between NKG2D and tissue inflammation, which may underlie the emerging role of NKG2D in various immunopathological conditions and define new therapeutic targets

Analyzing the Effect of Local Government Competition on Green Total Factor Productivity From the Market Segmentation Perspective in China—Evidence From a Three-Stage DEA Model

Under both Chinese-style fiscal decentralization (vertical competition) and promotion tournament systems (horizontal competition), the economic development system used by the government determines whether local government competition significantly influences green total factor productivity (GTFP). Moreover, market segmentation, an important strategic tool for local government competition, will significantly impact GTFP because of the implied changes in production efficiency and blocked factor flows. This study applies GMM and the mediation effect model to explore the relationship between local government competition and GTFP from the market segmentation perspective using statistical data from 30 provinces from 2006 to 2017 in China. Overall, our results demonstrate that local government competition significantly inhibits GTFP promotion. Local government competition also has a negative impact on GTFP by promoting market segmentation. As a mediating variable, the market segmentation coefficient was statistically significant. Considering regional heterogeneity, in the eastern region, local government competition has no significant inhibitory effect on GTFP. Moreover, market segmentation has no intermediary effect. In the central and western regions, GTFP remains significantly inhibited by local government competition, and the mediation effect of market segmentation is significant. Finally, our empirical results are robust.</jats:p

Analysis of the Impact of Local Government Competition on Green Total Factor Productivity From the Perspective of Factor Market Distortion--Based on the Three-Stage DEA model

Abstract From the perspective of factor market distortion, this paper explores the effect and internal mechanism of local government competition on green total factor productivity (GTFP). A three-stage DEA model was applied to measure the GTFP of 30 provinces from 2008 to 2017. Furthermore, the article analyses local government competition and factor market distortions influence on GTFP using the Spatial SDM model and mediation effect model. The statistical results reveal that the spatial correlation of GTFP is significantly present across Chinese different provinces. The growth of GTFP will be significantly inhibited by local government competition. Local government competition can indirectly restrict the improvement of GTFP through factor market distortion. Regional heterogeneity indicates that, in the eastern and central regions, local government competition does not significantly inhibit the growth of GTFP. Moreover, local government competition failed to restrain the improvement of GTFP through factor market distortion. However, in the western region, local government competition not only inhibited the growth of GTFP, but also inhibited the growth of GTFP by causing factor market distortion.</jats:p