Cattle Mammary Bioreactor Generated by a Novel Procedure of Transgenic Cloning for Large-Scale Production of Functional Human Lactoferrin

Large-scale production of biopharmaceuticals by current bioreactor techniques is limited by low transgenic efficiency and low expression of foreign proteins. In general, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) harboring most regulatory elements is capable of overcoming the limitations, but transferring BAC into donor cells is difficult. We describe here the use of cattle mammary bioreactor to produce functional recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) by a novel procedure of transgenic cloning, which employs microinjection to generate transgenic somatic cells as donor cells. Bovine fibroblast cells were co-microinjected for the first time with a 150-kb BAC carrying the human lactoferrin gene and a marker gene. The resulting transfection efficiency of up to 15.79×10−2 percent was notably higher than that of electroporation and lipofection. Following somatic cell nuclear transfer, we obtained two transgenic cows that secreted rhLF at high levels, 2.5 g/l and 3.4 g/l, respectively. The rhLF had a similar pattern of glycosylation and proteolytic susceptibility as the natural human counterpart. Biochemical analysis revealed that the iron-binding and releasing properties of rhLF were identical to that of native hLF. Importantly, an antibacterial experiment further demonstrated that rhLF was functional. Our results indicate that co-microinjection with a BAC and a marker gene into donor cells for somatic cell cloning indeed improves transgenic efficiency. Moreover, the cattle mammary bioreactors generated with this novel procedure produce functional rhLF on an industrial scale

Unassuming Lichens: Nature’s Hidden Antimicrobial Warriors

In a hidden corner of the Earth, an ongoing war is being waged: a battle between lichens and microorganisms. Lichens, ancient and unique symbiotic organisms, with their unique survival wisdom, are bursting with vitality in extreme environments. Over 80% of secondary metabolites in lichens are not found in other organisms, making lichen-derived compounds a promising resource for the development of new drugs, particularly against drug-resistant microorganisms, due to their distinctive chemical structures and biological activities. This article aims to explore in depth the lichen species exhibiting antimicrobial activity and their antimicrobial metabolites and focus on unique compounds such as divaricatic acid, usnic acid, vulpinic acid, salazinic acid, and rhizocarpic acid, which demonstrate significant antimicrobial effects against various resistant microorganisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Candida albicans and other drug-resistant microorganisms. Meanwhile, this paper discusses the potential applications and challenges associated with the use of lichens in medicine, agriculture, and food industry, aiming to elucidate these mysterious organisms for lichen researchers and enthusiasts while promoting further research and applications in the field of antimicrobials

The co-benefit of emission reduction efficiency of energy, CO2, and atmospheric pollutants in China under the carbon neutrality target

Abstract The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) and the Yellow River Ecological Economic Belt (YREB) surround the two biggest inland rivers and emit the greatest amount of carbon emissions in China. In order to implement China’s dual carbon goal, this research applies a Meta-frontier DN-DEA model, including the carbon reduction factor (CRF), to assess the emission efficiency of energy, CO2, and atmospheric pollutants for a total of 19 regions in YEB and YREB from 2011 to 2017. The synergistic climate risk control efficiency of atmospheric pollutants in the two economic belts are verified by tests for CO2 and three atmospheric pollutants emission elasticity coefficient and Kendall’s coordination coefficient. The results are as follows: First, the overall efficiencies of the two economic belts are both improved by over 30% when subject to CRF. YREB has great potential for carbon emission reduction, and the growth rate of its overall efficiency is higher than that of YEB. Second, YEB’s input term efficiency performs better affected by CRF, while YREB’s environmental pollution control input is insufficient. Third, CO2 and atmospheric pollutants emission efficiencies are significantly improved in YEB, while the environmental regulation of YREB is not obvious for the climate co-benefit of CO2 and atmospheric pollutants. Lastly, high level of climate co-benefit has revealed in YEB during 2011 to 2016, while in 2017 it plummets sharply. Conversely, YREB maintains a stable climate co-benefit.</jats:p

Long Non-coding RNA ADAMTS9-AS2 Suppresses Biological Functions of Ovarian Cancer Cells Through Recruiting DNMTl and Up-regulating SEPT6

Abstract Objective: The mechanism of long non-coding RNA ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 9 antisense RNA 2 (ADAMTS9-AS2) has been insufficiently explored in ovarian cancer (OC). Here, the action of ADAMTS9-AS2 in OC with the involvement of DNA methyhransferase l (DNMT1) and septin 6 (SEPT6) was explored. Methods: Epithelial OC tissue and ovarian epithelial tissue specimens were collected to test ADAMTS9-AS2, DNMT1 and SEPT6 expression. An appropriate cell line was screened out and transfected with highly expressed ADAMTS9-AS2 or SEPT6 or lowly expressed DNMT1 to detect their roles in biological functions of OC cells. Tumorigenesis of OC cells in nude mice was projected to validate cell experiment results. The interactions between ADAMTS9-AS2 with DNMT1/SEPT6 were tested. Results: Elevated DNMT1 and reduced ADAMTS9-AS2 and SEPT6 were detected in OC. ADAMTS9-AS2 bound to both DNMT1 and SEPT6. Restoring ADAMTS9-AS2 or SEPT6 or depleting DNMT1 diminished OC cell viability, invasion and migration, arrested cell cycle and accelerated apoptosis in vitro, and repressed tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion: Collectively, ADAMTS9-AS2 fights against OC through recruiting DNMT1 and up-regulating SEPT6.</jats:p

Design of Quadrotor System for Transmission Line Inspection

Abstract A novel robust adaptive control is proposed for target detection and recognition in transmission line inspection, this paper proposes a quadrotor inspection system based on robust adaptive control of multi-sensor fusion. Robust adaptive control ensures the stability and anti-disturbance ability of the quadrotor during the flight. It is measurable for the distance between the quadrotor and cables by laser sensor and ultrasonic sensor. It can be used to detect and identify the target objects on cable lines by OpenMV. According to the proposed Lyapunov function, the asymptotically stable conditions is obtained, in which all trajectories converge in finite time to the desired location. Finally, the effectiveness of inspections is validated experimentally, and the system has strong anti-interference ability.</jats:p

Analysis of Different Height Correction Models for Tropospheric Delay Grid Products over the Yunnan Mountains

Accurate tropospheric delays are of great importance for both Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based positioning and precipitable water vapor monitoring. The gridded tropospheric delay products, including zenith hydrostatic delays (ZHD) and zenith wet delays (ZWD), are the most ideal method for accessing accurate tropospheric delays. The vertical adjustment method is critical for implementing the gridded tropospheric products. In this work, we consider the different models used for grid products and assess their performance over Yunnan mountains with complex topography. We summarize the main results as follows: (1) The products can provide accurate ZHD with mean biases of &minus;2.6 mm and mean Standard Deviation (STD) of 1.5 mm while the ZWD results from grid products show a performance with biases of &minus;0.4 mm and STD of 1.3 cm over the Yunnan area. (2) The Tv-based model shows a better performance than the T0-based model and IGPZWD in rugged areas with large height differences. The grid products can provide hourly ZHD with biases of 3 mm and wet delay with mean biases of within 2 cm and mean STD of below 3 cm in the Yunnan mountains, which exhibit a large height difference of around 1.5 km. (3) The radiosondes results confirm that the Tv-based model has an obvious advantage in calculating ZHD height corrections for differences within 2 km while the T0-model suffers from a loss in accuracy in the case of large height differences. If the site is located more than 1 km below the reference height, the IGPZWD model can provide a better ZWD with a mean bias of 1.5 cm and a mean STD of 1.7 cm. With vertical reduction models, the grid products can provide accurate ZHD and ZWD in real time, even if in complex area