Assessment of Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water from Various Sources in Tukarah Town, NE Libya

The aim of this study was to evaluate drinking water quality in 21 water sources categorized in three levels. Samples of water were collected from each source for bacteriological examination. The results show there was a significant difference between the three levels 1, 2, and 3 for total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria with p-values (0.026) and (0.003) respectively. Presence of total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria were not reported from level 3 and was zero MPN per 100 ml. However, the high contamination by total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria were observed in samples collected from levels 1 and 2, these were in the range of 2 to 350 MPN/100 ml, 2 to 26 MPN/100 ml respectively. On the other hand, the biochemical identification process using Phoenix identified technique for the six isolated strains as Cedecea lapagel (DW4), Citrobacter freundii (DW9), Ochrobacterum anthroi (DW10) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (S10), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (DW4) and Streptococcus anginosus (DW2), with confidence value identities of 90%, 99%, 90%, 95%, 99% and 91%  respectively. The findings showed that water from levels 1 and 2 did not conform to the world health organization (WHO) standard in terms of suitability for drinking purpose.Keywords: drinking water quality, coliform and fecal coliform bacteria, MPN/100ml

KEYWORDS Drinking water Coliforms bacteria Feacal coliform bacteria MPN technique Plate count technique DETECTION AND ENUMERATION OF COLIFORM BACTERIA IN DRINKING WATER AT HOSPITAL OF BENGHAZI/LIBYA

ABSTRACT The aim of present study was to detect the presence or absence of coliform and faecal coliform bacteria from tap water of Benghazi Hospital, Libya at three different seasons. Samples were collected every month from two points viz surgery department (tapwater) and kidneys department (dialysis water) and examined by MPN and plate count methods. Presence of faecal coliform bacteria was not reported from both sources. However, the presence of coliform bacteria was reported from both source and it was slightly higher than the recommended one from both sources. Chemical analysis of water indicates the presence of organic matter like NO3 but the level was lower than the recommended by both world health organization (WHO) and environmental protection agency (EPA)

Microaaray Analysis of Differential Gene Expression Profiles of Human Adult Cardiac Myocytes Challenged with Non-Self RNA

Innate immunity utilizes pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to sense conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed by various pathogenic molecules to activate the initial phase of immune response. Recognition of bacterial RNA by immune sensors induces antigen-specific immunity and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Cardiac myocyte dysfunction is clearly identified as underlying the acute heart failure associated with bacterial infections, sepsis, as well as chronic syndrome. Cardiac myocytes express functional PRRs and sense PAMPs directly. Although the immunostimulatory potential and receptor-mediated recognition of nonself RNA are well documented, no comprehensive analysis of differential gene expression in response to naturally occurring bacterial RNA or modified RNA has been reported. Using cDNA Microarrays, we have analyzed the differential gene expression profiles of human adult cardiac myocytes stimulated with bacterial RNA. Our analysis has revealed changes in the cardiac expression profiles of 140 genes. A large proportion of upregulated genes (100) encode proteins involved in regulating the immune responses including, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. A significant number of genes involved in stress signalling, homeostasis, and cardiac survival were also induced. We also identified 42 genes to be suppressed. Interestingly, genes implicated in regulation of cardiac cell cycle and transcription were among these repressed genes. Collectively, these Microarray data offer for the first time an insight into human cardiac myocytes response to immunostimulatory RNA such as bacterial RNA.</jats:p