Literature review of recent, practical - oriented computer networks papers

This thesis report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis report.Includes bibliographical references (page 61).This thesis will include a literature review of recent practical oriented computer networks papers in premier IEEE conferences. The objective of the thesis is to provide detailed plans for a number of computer network related projects that may be implemented by subsequent BRAC University students. We will do an in-depth study of the selected topics and provide a step by step implementation process.Hasibul IslamHassan SameerIrtiza Ahmad FarooqB. Electrical and Electronic Engineerin

Pituitary Tuberculoma

Tuberculosis rarely involves the hypothalamo-pituitary region and constitutes only 1% of the lesions involving the sellar and/or suprasellar region. Coleman and Meredith first reported pituitary tuberculosis in 1940, and only a handful of cases have been reported ever since. It may manifest as a chiasmal syndrome due to compression of the optic chiasm or as hypopituitarism due to pituitary destruction. It has a characteristic radiological appearance and can mimic a pituitary adenoma. Diagnostic procedures, such as trans-sphenoidal biopsy, are crucial for accurate diagnosis. We report a case of a 32-year male, who presented with complaints of headache and decreased visual acuity for the past 6 months. Eye examination revealed bitemporal hemianopsia. Brain MRI scan showed a mass in the sella with features suggestive of pituitary adenoma. Transcranial resection of the mass was performed; histopathology of the excised mass proved it to be a pituitary tuberculoma

Primary adrenal non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature

Background: Lymphomas are cancers that arise from the white blood cells and have been traditionally divided into two large subtypes: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. B-cell lymphoma is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma; almost 85% of patients with lymphoma have this variant. Lymphomas can potentially arise from any lymphoid tissue located in the body; however, primary adrenal non-Hodgkin lymphoma is extremely rare. We report the history, examination findings, and laboratory results of a 50-year-old man diagnosed with a primary left adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old Pakistani man presented to our hospital with progressively increasing pain and fullness in the left upper quadrant of his abdomen, generalized weakness, easy fatigability, and decreased appetite of 1.5 months\u27 duration. On examination, he had a blood pressure of 140/80 mmHg with no postural drop, a pulse rate of 106 beats/minute, and no fever. His past medical history was significant for pulmonary tuberculosis 2 years earlier, for which he received antituberculous therapy. Computed tomography revealed a heterogeneous enhancing soft tissue density mass in the left adrenal gland. It measured 7.1*5.6*9.5 cm. Further laboratory workup revealed the following levels: sodium 135 mEq/L, potassium 4.5 mEq/L, lactate dehydrogenase 905 IU/L, renin 364 IU/ml, aldosterone 5.79 ng/dl, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 79.20 mug/dl, urinary vanillylmandelic acid 6.4 mg/24 hours, and a low-dose overnight dexamethasone suppression test result of 3.20 mug/dl. The patient underwent left adrenalectomy. Histopathological test results showed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemical stains were strongly positive for CD20 and negative for CD3, CD5, CD10, and cyclin D1. The patient\u27s Ki-67 (Mib-1) index was approximately 80%. He received a total of six cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy (rituximab was not given, owing to financial constraints) and was routinely followed pre- and postchemotherapy at our hematology clinic with complete blood count and serum lactate dehydrogenase evaluations. The patient responded to chemotherapy and is currently doing well. CONCLUSIONS: Primary adrenal lymphoma is an extremely rare but rapidly progressive disease. It generally carries a poor prognosis, partly because an optimal treatment protocol has not yet been established. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to establish the best treatment option and increase overall survival

Arthralgia an indicator of Vitamin D3 Deficiency and Insufficiency

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Vitamin-D deficiency and insufficiency in patients complaining of arthralgia. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a group of 332 individuals complaining of arthralgia, selected by consecutive sampling technique. Vitamin-D blood level was performed by ELISA method. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Software (Version 15). Mean and Standard deviation was calculated for Quantitative variables and frequency with percentage was presented for Qualitative variables. Chi-Square test was applied to assess any association between Qualitative variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 332 individuals who had arthralgia, 9.03% (30).12% (17) and 85.84% (285) had Vitamin-D sufficiency, insufficiency and deficiency. Among total sample population, 75.0% (249) were females and 25.0% (83) were males. In females 8.83% (22), 6.02% (15) and 85.1% (212) had Vitamin-D sufficiency, insufficiency and deficiency (p-value 0.430). Out of 212 Vitamin-D deficient females,48.5% (103), 16.98% (36) and 34.4% (73) had severe, moderate and mild Vitamin-D deficiency(p-value=0.844). In male patients 9.63% (8),2.40% (2) and 87.95% (73) of males had Vitamin-D sufficiency, insufficiency and deficiency (p-value=0.430). Out of 73 Vitamin-D deficient males, 45.20%(33) ,16.43% (12) and 38.3% (28) had severe moderate and mild Vitamin-D deficiency(p-value=0.844). In females Vitamin-D deficiency was found to be most prevalent in age groups of 41-60 years. Whereas in males Vitamin-D deficiency was found to be most prevalent in age groups of 31-40years. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is an important factor leading to arthralgia, keeping the prevalence rate of about 90% in mind.&nbsp

Chest X-Ray as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool For Covid-19; A Tertiary Care Hospital Based Study

Introduction: The radiological investigations are not diagnostic of COVID-19 disease but help in management. CT scan is not available worldwide; therefore, x-ray chest (CXR) is ideal for assessment of disease severity using scoring system. This study was conducted to see various CXR findings and relation of severity with outcome. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Dallah hospital Saudi Arabia. All admitted confirmed cases of COVID-19, above age of 18-year were included. CXR were done at baseline, after 5-7 days and after 13-15 days. Patient with previous heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases or pulmonary fibrosis, Pregnant and lactating ladies were also excluded. Results: Out of total 629 patients 67.6 % were males. There was no statically significant difference in mortality in male to female patients. The mean age was 42.67+15.13 (range 18-83) years. Patients with age more than 50-year were 58.9% and had severe infection (p=0.041) with high mortality (p=0.045). The 63% patients had abnormal CXR at baseline. The common CXR features detected were consolidation (45%), followed by ground glass appearance (43%). Only 0.8% patients had pleural effusion and one patient with pneumothorax. Patients with bilateral lung infiltration was 67.5% and mostly it was in lower zones (63%). The follow-up CXR revealed an increase in severity score related to mortality (p<0.001). Conclusion: In COVID-19 infection CXR may be a predictor of severity of disease and monitoring of disease may be done by serial CXR

Improved Road Segment-Based Geographical Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

This research was funded by Bahria University, Islamabad Campus.Qureshi, KN.; Ul Islam, F.; Kaiwartya, O.; Kumar, A.; Lloret, J. (2020). Improved Road Segment-Based Geographical Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. Electronics. 9(8):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081248S1209

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Presented as Cytopenia and Massive Paraspinal Masses Leading to Cord Compression in a Patient with Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin

BACKGROUND: Extramedullary hematopoeisis (EMH) can occur in various physiological and pathologic states. The spleen is the most common site of EMH. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin with extramedullary hematopoiesis presented as cord compression and cytopenia secondary to multi-paraspinal masses. CONCLUSION: Treatment can be a challenge. Relapse is a possibility

Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Pediatric Leukodystrophies: A Prospective Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Pakistan

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of pediatric patients with leukodystrophies and assess the diagnostic value of MRI in a low-resource setting. Materials & Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, between January and November 2024. A total of 165 children under 14 years of age with clinically suspected leukodystrophies were included. MRI was performed using a 1.5 Tesla scanner and interpreted independently by two experienced radiologists. Radiological patterns were analyzed and correlated with clinical presentations. Statistical analysis assessed associations between imaging findings and specific symptoms. Results: Of the 165 patients, the mean age was 5.8 years, with a slight male predominance. Spasticity (74%), developmental delay or regression (65%), and seizures (42%) were the most common clinical presentations. MRI revealed bilateral symmetrical white matter abnormalities in 80% of cases. Metachromatic leukodystrophy showed frontal white matter involvement with U-fiber sparing; adrenoleukodystrophy demonstrated occipital changes with contrast enhancement; and Krabbe disease exhibited a tigroid pattern with thalamic and cerebellar involvement. Contrast enhancement was significantly associated with neuroregression (p = 0.01), while cerebellar atrophy correlated with seizures (p = 0.03). Conclusion: MRI provides critical diagnostic value for leukodystrophies in pediatric populations, especially in resource-limited environments. Recognizing characteristic imaging patterns facilitates early diagnosis, aiding timely intervention and improving outcomes