From Memphis, with Love: A Model to Protect Protesters in the Age of Surveillance

In 1978, after two years of contentious litigation, the City of Memphis entered into a unique agreement with its citizens: it signed a consent decree, stipulating that it would halt its interference with First Amendment–protected activities. More specifically, the Consent Decree barred the City from surveilling protesters—the very conduct that triggered litigation. Fast forward forty years. In 2018, narratives of police brutality dominated the nation’s headlines. Consequently, protesters demonstrated from the streets of Ferguson, Missouri to Oakland, California. And in Memphis, Tennessee, those who protested were often met with an all-too-familiar response—surveillance by the Memphis Police Department. That is until the Western District of Tennessee found that the City had violated the terms of its own agreement. The court’s message was undeniably clear—the Memphis Consent Decree is alive and well. Memphis is by no means an outlier in police–civilian relations. After all, police departments across the country surveil protesters. But Memphis is an outlier in terms of the method it has chosen to address this issue. As the surveillance of protesters and the capacity to surveil protesters grow, the Memphis Consent Decree offers a model for future legislation that better safeguards First Amendment values. This Note accordingly narrates the story of Memphis, its successes and failures, and the lessons it holds for hundreds of cities, for decades to come

PROGRAM PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL MELALUI PERMAINAN KELOMPOK

Siswa yang belum mampu berkomunikasi dengan baik akan berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan kepribadian, aktualisasi diri dan prestasi. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berkomunikasi dapat dilakukan dengan berinteraksi, seperti dalam permainan. Dalam permainan kelompok banyak terjadi komunikasi antara anggota kelompok dan anggota lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan program bimbingan yang efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan komunikasi interpersonal melalui permainan kelompok di kelas VIII MTs Al Inayah Bandung tahun ajaran 2013/2014. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain pre-eksperiment one group pre test-post test. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Alat pengungkap data menggunakan angket/kuesioner dan statistik non paraetrik untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian yaitu : (1) profil kemampuan komunikasi interpersonal pada siswa; (2) program bimbingan yang sesuai untuk mengembangkan keterampilan komunikasi interpersonal; (3) efektifitas program peningkatan keterampilan komunikasi interpersonal siswa melalui permainan kelompok. Rekomendasi penelitian ditujukan kepada : (1) guru bimbingan dan konseling; (2) peneliti selanjutnya. Kata kunci : komunikasi interpersonal, permainan kelompok An effort is done to be able to interact is by showing communication ability. Junior high school students are in searching identity level that showed in group. In a group interpersonal communication is an important thing, student who hasn’t been able to communicate well, it will influence againts the character forming, actualization and achievement. To increase the ability of communication can be done through interaction like in a game. In a group playing will have more communication activities among group members and other groups. The objective of the research is to make efective guidance program to increase the interpersonal communication through group playing in grade VIII at MTs Al Inayah Bandung Learned Year 2013/2014. The method is used in this research is quantitative research method through design pre – experiment one group pre test – post test, The sampling technic using purposive sampling. To find the data using and questionare and non parametric statistic to analyse the data. The result are : 1. The profile of interpersonal communication ability on students. 2. The suitable guidance program to develop interpersonal communication skill, 3. The effectivity of interpersonal communication skills program through group playing. The recommendation of research is for : (1) Guidance and conseling teacher, (2) The next researcher Key words : interpersonal communication, group playing