Is Previous Exporting Experience Relevant for New Exports?

Recent models of international trade show that trade costs are important determinants of exporting decisions and productivity dynamics. By assuming that these costs are exogenous and constant across firms, these theories do not take into account that experienced firms may have lower trading costs or that new exporters may reduce these costs by observing the decisions of other exporters. This study argues that firms with previous experience exporting a product to a particular market are more likely to start exporting the same product to another market, or a different product to the same market. The paper also contends that the previous experience of other exporters can significantly influence a firm’s decision to introduce a new product to a new market. Using a firm-level dataset from Chile with information on exports by product and destination market, the paper finds that an increase in the cumulative value exported by a firm increases the probability that the firm will export a previously exported product to a different market or a different product to a market to which the firm already exported a product. The results also show that an increase in the cumulative value exported of a product, or to a foreign market, by other exporters raises the probability that firms will export new products and/or to new markets. Our findings are consistent with the idea that previous exporting experience may help reduce the firm’s entry costs to international markets. The rich dataset used in this study allows the identification of these effects controlling for various time-varying observed and unobserved characteristics which may create a spurious correlation between firms’ export decisions, their previous exporting experience, and the export activity of other exporters

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Rekam Medis Poliklinik Universitas Trilogi

Poliklinik Universitas Trilogi merupakan penyedia layanan jasa kesehatan bagi seluruh civitas akademika universitas trilogi, dimana sistem pengelolaan informasi yang diterapkan masih dilakukan secara manual.Untuk meningkatkan kinerja dan kemudahan dalam pengelolaan layanan rekam medis maka diusulkan sebuah aplikasi yang dapat meningkatkan dan memudahkan dalam pelayanan. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan untuk membangun Aplikasi Rekam Medis ini adalah metode waterfall dan tools pemodelan dengan UML (Unified Modelling Language) serta perangkat lunak pendukung untuk menunjang pembangunan Sistem ini dengan bahasa Pemrograman Dephi 7 dan tools Database MySql. Aplikasi rekam medis di poliklinik dibangun agar dapat mempermudah pengolahan data administrasi pasien, mengelola data rekam medis, mengelola data obat, mengelola jadwal praktek dokter, pencarian data pasien, dan pembuatan laporan-laporran

Pengembangan Modifikasi Media Pembelajaran untuk Meningkatkan Kebugaran Jasmani Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Kondisi kesegaran jasmani anak Indonesia masih rendah dengan sedikit kontribusi dari pelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan (Penjasorkes) terhadap kesegaran jasmani anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kebugaran jasmani pada siswa tingkat sekolah dasar melalui permainan dengan menekankan pengembangan media pembelajaran yang dimodifikasi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data adalah : Tes Kesegaran Jasmani Indonesia (TKJI), Permainan-Permainan yang telah dimodifikasi. Dari hasil analisis data, diskripsi, pengujian hasil penilitian dan pembahasan, dapat diambil kesimpulan, yaitu tingkat kesegaran Jasmani Umur 10-12 Tahun Siswa Kelas V SDN Lemah Putro 1 berada pada kategori “kurang sekali “ dengan presentase sebesar 00.00% (0 siswa), kategori “kurang” presentasi sebesar 8.00% (2 siswa),kategori “sedang“ presentase sebesar 68,00% (17 siswa), kategori “baik” presentase sebesar 24.00% (6 siswa), dan kategori “baik sekali“ dengan presentase sebesar 00.00% (0 siswa)

Quantitative measurement of amoxicillin in Ibuprofen tablets using UPLC

A novel quantitative analytical method for the determination of Penicillin contaminant, Amoxicillin in non-penicillin pharmaceutical drug product (Ibuprofen tablet 400 mg) has been developed and validated using Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The extraction of amoxicillin from the drug tablets was carried out with bi-distilled water and the separation was achieved by making use of a BEH C18 column with particle size of 1.7 μm (100 mm × 2.1 mm). The isocratic run accomplished using phosphate buffer (pH 5.0): methanol (95:5, v/v) mixture as mobile phase run at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The rapid, accurate and low cost UPLC method was proven to be suitable within the current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) of pharmaceutical ingredients. In addition, the validation of the developed method was conducted as per the ICH (International conference of harmonization) guidelines Q2 (R1). Further, the method was found to be linear in the range of (0.024–0.096 μg/mL for amoxicillin) with a correlation coefficient, R2 of 0.999 and net in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, detection limit (DL), and quantitation limit (QL) are appeared to be satisfactory. The precision was assessed in terms of injections repeatability with a maximum %RSD of 1.8%, while the intermediate precision Day-1 with %RSD of 0.96 and the intermediate precision Day-2 with %RSD of 1.56 were observed. Thus, from the observation of satisfactory results for amoxicillin detection, the developed UPLC-based method can successfully be applied in the pharmaceutical quality control laboratories to fulfill the regulatory requirements

Understanding SE Growth: The Case of Bangladesh

This thesis seeks to explore the hybrid nature of Social Enterprises (SEs) by investigating how they incorporate co-existence of social and economic goals and embed in multiple institutional domains. By synthesising insights from three literature domains - hybrid organisations, institutional views and strategic management - this thesis advances the understanding about the hybrid nature of SEs mainly in two ways. First, it examines the extent to which managerial tensions may result in hybrid SEs due to co-existence of values and influences from pluralistic institutional domains. Second, it explores how such organisations mobilise resources and capabilities in order to respond to internal tensions. The three research questions addressed in the thesis are: i) What is the nature of SE growth in Bangladesh?; ii) How does the institutional context influence SE growth in Bangladesh? and iii) What role do SEs’ resources and capabilities play in responding to the institutional influences? The study adopts a multiple case study approach, collecting data from eleven Bangladeshi SEs. With rapid rise of hybrid forms of SEs in Bangladesh, the findings of the study have both practical and policy implications. The insights on SEs’ internal tensions can enable Bangladeshi policy makers to realise the needs and challenges of hybrid SEs in the country. This may aid the development of customised policies, incentives and support systems that are required to facilitate the growth of such organisations. The insights on the management of tensions can aid the leaders and managers in hybrid SEs to respond to their internal tensions more appropriately.The study identifies six operational models through analysis of the social goal, economic mission, income source, governance structure and institutional setting of the studied cases. These models are: SEs that are fully reliant on grant, NGOs with trading elements, NGOs with full reliance on trading, social business es, public and private limited corporations, and NGOs with conventional subsidiary enterprise. The findings further showed that the studied SEs have pursued social and economic goals simultaneously through adoption of four growth strategies: expansion, diversification, autonomous growth and partnership. The study identifies a number of competing pressures originating from multiple institutional domains which have affected the way they accomplished their social and economic goals. This interplay between SEs’ dual goals and institutional influences led to ten different tensions inside the studied cases. The management of these tensions, at the functional level, involved orchestration of SEs’ resources and capabilities in a particular way. The specific ways of mobilisation of resources and capabilities ultimately led the SEs towards five different growth paths: i) forced adoption/coercive adoption, ii) proactive response, iii) adapt, iv) influence, and v) side-stepping

The Role of Culture in Sports Sponsorship: an Update

Nowadays Sponsorship is an important part of sports events. Sports sponsorship offers more benefits, more variety and also it’s a more powerful form of marketing. In general, sponsorship holds a unique position in the marketing mix because it is effective in building brand awareness, provides different marketing platforms and valuable networking and hospitality opportunities. Sponsorship marketing efforts can be influenced by culture. Especially when global sponsorship in sports which refers to sports events in different countries with different cultures, is under consideration. In such situations, sponsorship aspects can be affected by cultural obligations which are discussed in this article

The Determinants of Technical Efficiency of Manufacturing Firms in Ghana

This paper uses the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique to estimate the technical efficiency of firms in Ghana across six manufacturing industries during 1991-2002. We observe that manufacturing firms in Ghana are significantly less efficient than their counterparts in other countries. In addition, we find that firm characteristics such as size, age, foreign ownership, and the mix of labor and capital used during the production process have positive effects on firm efficiency. These results have implications for Ghana’s import-substitution industrialization and foreign investment policies. </jats:p