Evaluation of process conditions in the bigels production: a multivariate analysis

The 19th Gums & Stabilisers for the Food Industry Conference: Hydrocolloid MultifunctionalityBigels are complex biphasic gels, composed by the mixture of organogel and hydrogel. These systems have been exploited mainly due to their ability to act as vehicle for hydrophilic and lipophilic simultaneously, being very attractive for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. However, despite the increasing number of publications concerning the production and use of bigels in recent years, to our knowledge there are no papers evaluating the effects of process conditions on their properties. Thus, the aim of this work was evaluating the influence of the process variables on particle size, mechanical and rheological properties through multivariate analysis. For this purpose, organogelator and hydrocolloid concentration, organogel:hydrogel ratio and mixing speed were evaluated. At first, gellan gum hy drogels (1 % -1,5 % w/w) and glycerol monostearate and high oleic sunflower oil organogels (5 % –15 % w/w) were produced separately by solubilization at 80 ºC during 30 min. After gelation, they were mixed in a mechanica l stirrer at determined speed for 10 min. Bigels produced were evaluated through microscopy, rheological (frequency sweeps) and mechanical properties (spreadability, consistency, adhesiveness and cohesiveness). According to principal component analysis (PCA), the reduction of the analysis to a bivariate dimension was satisfactory. The first component (horizontal axis) explained almost 58 % and the second (vertical axis) 20 % of th e variability found in measured data. From the projection of variables, it was possible to confirm that consistency and spreadability of bigels are well correlated. These variable were mainly responsible for the variability of data along the horizontal axis as well as complex modulus (G*) that was positively correlated to them. On the other hand, tan delta (G ́ ́/G ́) and adhesiveness were negatively correlated with these variables. The second component was explained mainly by cohesiveness and particle size distribution that were oppositely correlated. These correlations were in agreement with structural arrangement of the bigels. In general, small particle size led to more cohesive systems, with higher viscous modulus (higher tan delta values) and consequently adhesiveness. On the other hand, higher complex modulus is related to stronger structures, which means higher consistency and spreadability. From the cases and variable overlapping it was possible to evaluate that the main variables were mixing speed and organogel:hydrogel ratio. Moreover, different groups were distinguished according to organogel:hydrogel ratio. However, it can be observed that there were synergistic effects among the other variables , which also influenced the physicochemical properties of the bigels and were responsible for the other 20% of variability. Thus, different physicochemical properties can be obtained by tuning the parameters involved in the bigels production process. Softer or harder gels, with higher or lower spreadability, bigger or smaller particles size distribution can be produced depending on the desired final product and applicationPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE - 01 - 0145 - FEDER - 000004 ) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte 2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte . This study was also supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the Project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012(FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A DISTRIBUIÇÃO DOS CAPITAIS CIENTÍFICOS ENTRE OS DOCENTES DO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO STRICTO SENSU EM CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS FRENTE AOS CONCEITOS DE BOURDIEU NA PERSPECTIVA DE AVALIAÇÃO DA CAPES

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a distribuição do capital científico dos docentes do programa de pós-graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Regional de Blumenau a partir dos conceitos descritos por Bourdieu, tomando a avaliação da CAPES do último triênio de 2007 a 2009. Desta forma, procuramos observar se a relação não igualitária entre as duas possibilidades de capitais, o científico puro e o institucional ocorre na dinâmica de distribuição entre os docentes do programa objeto deste estudo. A metodologia aplicada foi qualitativa, a partir dos dados da avaliação da instituição de ensino disponibilizado pela CAPES. Os principais resultados apontam que, a partir dos conceitos de Bourdieu (2004) no que tange a acumulação do capital no conjunto dos docentes, não ocorreu expressiva ocupação de posições de forma significativa entre os docentes com forte crédito político, mas uma forte acumulação de capital científico puro e fraca acumulação de capital institucional a partir dos resultados da avaliação da CAPES. Logo, o estudo contribui para demonstrar uma valorização atribuída pela CAPES na sua avaliação as atividades de pesquisa e ensino em detrimento as atividades de extensão, estimulando reflexões acerca dos conceitos de Pierre Bourdieu no que tange ao campo do capital científico puro e capital institucional

Digestibility of organogels produced with medium- and large- chain triacylglycerols

The structure of organogels depends on the organogelator and the type of oil used, exerting influence on the release profiles of bioactives in the gastrointestinal system. So, the aim of this work was to produce gels using medium-chain triacylglycerols (OMCT) or high oleic sunflower oil (large-chain triacylglycerols – OLCT), glycerol monostearate as organogelator and β-carotene as bioactive compound and evaluate its stability in the digestion in vitro. The static digestion of the organogels was performed and during the digestion, the gel structure, free-fatty acids (FFA) content and bioaccessibility of β-carotene were evaluated by fluorescent microscopy, NaOH titration and spectrophotometry methods, respectively. In the gastric step the gel structure remains almost intact without bioactive release, but some fluid incorporation was visually observed. In the duoden the bile salts in conjunction with lipase interacted with the organogel, destroying the structure and forming micelles. A great number of small micelles was observed for OLCT, while for OMCT systems fewer and bigger droplets were observed due to the coalescence of the droplets that could indicate loss of structure. This is corroborated by the higher amount of FFA and almost all bioactive bioaccessibility of OMCT systems. In the jejun step the OMCT structure was completely destroyed, while for OLCT the number of micelles decreased but no coalescence was observed. Moreover, for OLCT the FFA content remains the same and decreased for OMCT. At the end (ileum), the OLCT droplets began to coalesce increasing their diameter. Thus, stronger organogel and more resistant to the gastrointestinal system was produced with LCT. However, this resistance did not allow the complete bioaccessibility of the bioactive that was observed for MCT. Results showed that it is possible to use organogels as vehicles for bioactives and the release can be controlled by the modification of the structure

Development of beeswax oleogels and the influence of gelator concentration and oil type on their final properties

[Excerpt] Introduction: Concerns regarding food nutritional value, sensory attributes, and consumer health urge to get a valid and feasible answer. The use of food‐grade materials that guarantee gel‐like behaviour and address consumer needs is currently essential in food industry. Structuring edible oils (i.e. oleogels) can be the response for such challenge, offering a healthier alternative (e.g. replacing saturated and trans fats) with tailored functionalities (e.g. different melting behaviour). This work focused on how different types of oil phase – medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and long chain triglycerides (LCT) – influence the gelation process of beeswax and the properties of the organogels produced thereof. [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Physicochemical properties of cold-set WPI bigels as vehicle for curcumin

Bigels are semisolid systems composed by a mixture of hydrogel and oleogel. Recently, these systems have been studied for food application, mostly working as texture modifiers and as vehicles for bioactive compounds with different polarities. Additionally, curcumin is a lipophilic, widely known to have anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimicrobial action. Thus, the aim of this work was developing a cold-set bigel with sunflower oil, glyceryl monostearate (GM) 10% (p/v) and whey protein isolate (WPI) 11% (p/v). Bigels were produced by hot-emulsification using a rotor-stator (18000 cm-1 / 2 min) with different hydrogel:oleogel ratios (90:10, 50:50 and 10:90). Curcumin (0.03 mg/ml) was added to the oil phase. The mechanical proprieties, microstructure (optic microscopy and FTIR analysis) and controlled release were evaluated. Results showed that the hydrogel:oleogel ratio exerted influence on mechanical properties. In all of them it is possible to observe a rupture point, and an increase in elasticity modulus (EM) proportional to the increase of oleogel. However, the 90:10 and 10:90 formulation had greater stress at the rupture point, while the bigel with equal proportions results in a more fragile structure. This can be explained by the network formed, in which for the 90:10 and 10:90 there is a well-defined disperse and continuous phases, being oil in water (O/W) and water in oil (W/O), respectively, while the 50:50 has the two phases coexisting. Furthermore, it is possible to note that the addition of curcumin provided an improvement in the gel network, that showed an increase in resistance proportional to the amount of curcumin. Temperature sweep showed that at higher temperatures (>85 °C) the bigels with higher oleogel content do not have a complete structured network, with G' and G'' almost overlapping. However, as the temperature decreases, the gel network became stronger with G' prevailing. The gel point was also dependent on the oleogel proportion and the lowest temperature was observed for 50:50 system (approximately 45°C). Frequency sweep showed that all bigels were slightly frequency dependent, showing variations at low frequencies ( 0.80), indicating that the release mechanism is governed by both Fickian and Case II transport. Moreover, in relation to the transport mechanisms, it was observed that the relaxation is the governing phenomenon (Xf < 0.5), even the Ficks constant being higher. The release of curcumin from bigels demonstrated that the 90:10 system was the most suitable to describe the release kinetics, which is mainly governed by a relaxation mechanism. So, these results showed that is possible to vehicle curcumin in self-sustainable WPI bigels, and that the mechanical properties can be modulated according to the bigel composition, thus enabling the incorporation into different food matrices.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Conflitti di giurisdizione e ne bis in idem europeo

The research is focused on the problems related to parallel criminal proceedings against the same person for the same conduct within the area of freedom security and justice. In particular, due attention is paid at both the relevant features, on the one hand the conflicts of jurisdictions, on the other hand the principle of European ne bis in idem. The first chapter focuses on the lis pendens. After investigating the origins of such phenomenon, the Author examines the EU fundamental legislative drafts that led to the adoption of Framework Decision 2009/948/JHA, “on prevention and settlement of conflicts of exercise of jurisdiction in criminal proceedings”. Special consideration is devoted to the matters of constitutional consistency to take into account when implementing the EU act in the national legal system. The rest of the study is centred on the European principle of ne bis in idem. The Author analyses the milestone steps for the establishment of such principle under EU law, alongside with the case-law of the European Court of Justice. The scrutiny of the ECJ decisions displays a critical approach, aimed at highlighting the unresolved questions and putting forward possible solutions

Uma proposta para execução de consultas complexas em uma grande base de dados de imagens horizontalmente fragmentada

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Florianópolis, 2014.Sistemas de recuperação de informação têm se tornado cada vez mais populares e eficientes. Porém, a recuperação de objetos complexos (e.g., imagens, vídeos, séries temporais) ainda apresenta enormes desafios, principalmente quando envolve similaridade de conteúdo. O problema se torna ainda mais intrincado se as condições de busca incluem predicados convencionais conectados logicamente à predicados baseados em similaridade. A otimização de tais consultas é um problema em aberto hoje em dia. Este trabalho valida uma proposta para melhorar o desempenho de consultas que podem ser expressas por conjunções de predicados convencionais e baseados em similaridade. Tal proposta utiliza fragmentação de dados, segundo predicados diversos e compatíveis com predicados utilizados em consultas. A validação da proposta é feita sobre uma grande base de dados chamada CoPhIR a respeito de imagens, com dados convencionais a elas relacionados. Esta base é manipulada em um sistema de banco de dados relacional com extensões para o tratamento de predicados baseados em similaridade, caracterizada segundo a distribuição do seu conteúdo, fragmentada e indexada, com métodos de acesso convencionais e métricos. Verificou-se um melhor desempenho na execução de algumas consultas com cláusulas conjuntivas para filtragem de dados utilizando os fragmentos propostos do que sobre a base completa.Abstract : Information retrieval systems are growing in popularity and efficiency. However, the retrieval of complex data (e.g., images, video, temporal series) presents huge challenges yet, particularly when it involves content similarity. The problem becomes even more intricate if the search condition includes conventional predicates logically connected to similarity-based predicates. The optimization of such queries is an open problem nowadays. This work validates a proposal for improving the performance of queries that can be expressed by conjunctions of conventional predicates and similarity-based predicates. This proposal employs data fragmentation, according to diverse predicates, that are compatible with the predicates used in queries. The validation of this proposal is done on a large image database, named CoPhIR with conventional data associated with the images. This database is handled in a relational database system with extensions for coping with similarity-based predicates, characterized according to contents distribution, fragmented and indexed, for efficient access with conventional methods and metric methods. The result of the experiments shows that for some queries with conjunctive filtering clauses were executed more efficiently on fragments than by accessing the complete database

Números complexos : uma análise dos livros didáticos do ensino médio

Orientador: Profa. Dra. Tania Teresinha Bruns ZimerTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Curso de Graduação em MatemáticaInclui referênciasResumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os livros didáticos de Matemática, aprovados no Plano Nacional do Livro Didático do ano de 2018, de modo a investigar como é feita a manipulação geométrica dos Números Complexos; analisar o contexto histórico do surgimento dos Números Complexos; verificar como o conteúdo dos Números Complexos se relaciona com outras áreas. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Uma das principais motivações do estudo é a de que na disciplina de Matemática de nível Médio, de modo geral, existe uma abordagem puramente algébrica, sem vínculo com aplicações desse conteúdo fora do ambiente matemático. Após a análise dos livros didáticos, é possível verificar que estes abordam os Números Complexos utilizando história e apresentam diversas aplicações desse conteúdo, esses recursos podem ser empregados para despertar o interesse dos alunos de Ensino Médio na disciplina de Matemática. Outro enfoque do tema pode ser o geométrico, permitindo os alunos visualizarem as operações e propriedade