Proceedings of the Conference on Globalization and Its Discontents

Recent studies on economic globalization have used various indicators, such as the ratio of trade-to-GDP and the ratio of FDI-to-GDP, to analyze the globalization performances of national economies. Although each indicator is useful in itself, our contention is that a single composite indicator (index) can provide more comprehensive information and would enable policy-makers and researchers to compare and rank the globalization performances of different countries, country groups and regions in a given year (or period) and over time. Accordingly, in this paper, we developed the economic globalization index to measure the extent of globalization of national economies. We have constructed the economic globalization index for the period 1975-2005. The overall results indicate that rich countries tend to be more globalized than poor countries. Furthermore, rich countries have improved their globalization –relative global integration level- from 1975 to 2005; however, many of poor countries’ relative levels of global integration have deteriorated during the same period. Our results seem to be in line with studies that characterize the recent situation in the world as “truncated globalization” or simply “triadization”.globalization, economic globalization index

Degradation of epoxy coatings under gamma irradiation

Epoxy networks based on Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and cured with Jeffamines (POPA) or polyamidoamine (PAA) were gamma irradiated at 25 1C in air. Dose rates of 50, 200 or 2000 Gy h- 1 for doses up 100 kGy were used. Structural changes were monitored by IR spectrophotometry, DSC and sol–gel analysis. Both networks display some common features: for I Z 200 Gy h- 1, reaction products grow proportionally to time and the rate is a decreasing function of dose rate. The simplest explanation is that peroxy radicals are the main precursors of these products (in the dose rate domain under study), through a unimolecular rearrangement of which an hypothetical mechanism is proposed. DGEBA–POPA are more reactive then DGEBA–PAA networks (according to IR criteria), that can be attributed to the high reactivity of tertiary CH bands in polyoxypropylene segments. The oxidation of these sites leads to methyl ketones. A simple kinetic model in which methyl ketones result from rearrangements of tertiary peroxyls and from tertiary alkoxyls was proposed. It leads to an expression of the radiochemical yield of methyl ketones (G(MK)) of the form GðMKÞ¼ a þ bI-1=2 where a and b are parameters depending of elementary rate constants. Experimental G(MK) values are reasonably well fitted by this equation. In DGEBA–PAA networks, a wide variety of oxidation products, among which amides predominate, can be observed. In these networks, chain scissions predominate over crosslinking, whereas a slight predominance of crosslinking was observed, at least for the lowest dose rate, in DGEBA–POPA

Characteristics of Edible Film Made From Dangke Whey and Agar Using Different Percentage of Glicerol

Composites of whey dangke and agar can form edible film. The downside of this edible film are fragile, brittle and inflexible. Addition of glycerol, which is one of plasticizers, may improve characteristics of edible film to be more elastic, flexible and not easy to become fragile. The proper use of glycerol will affect the characteristics of the edible film. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the percentage of glycerol to the edible film characteristics, including yield, thickness, tensile strength, elongation, and color. This study was carried out according to completely randomized design consisted of three levels of glycerol concentrations, i.e. 25%, 35%, and 45% as treatments. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The results study indicated that the thickness of edible film ranged from 0.024 mm to 0.035 mm, the yield varied from 7.26% to 7.87%, the tensile strength was between 13.60 and to 4.20 N, elongation was from 33.33 to 80%, and the color of L was 88.86 to 88.81, the value for “a” was between (-1.48) and (-0.94), and “b” was from 4.19 to 5.56. An increase in the percentage of glycerol decreased tensile strength but increased elongation. The addition of 45% glycerol caused “a” color change value (reduced green color). The addition of 35% glycerol caused changes in color values “b” (reduced yellow color), but the increase in the percentage of glycerol did not change the thickness and brightness values (L) of edible film. It was concluded that the higher the percentage of glycerol added in manufacturing edible film made from a composite whey dangke and agar decreased the tensile strength, increased the elongation and changed the color values of “a” and “b”, but did not change the thickness and rendemen of edible film

Thermo-oxidative aging of epoxy coating systems

tThe thermo-oxidative behavior of unformulated (unfilled) samples of epoxy coatings has been studiedat five temperatures ranging from 70◦C to 150◦C. Two epoxy networks based on diglycidyl ether ofbisphenol A (DGEBA), respectively, cured by jeffamine (POPA) or polyamidoamine (PAA) were compared.Infrared spectrophotometry (IR), differential scanning (DSC) and sol–gel analysis (SGA) were used tomonitor structural changes.Thermal oxidation leads to carbonyl and amide formation in both systems. POPA systems appear moresensitive to oxidation than PAA ones. Thermal oxidation leads to predominant chain scission as evidencedby the decrease of glass transition temperatures (Tg) and increase of sol fraction

Sjögren Syndrome Complicated by Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma and Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia.

Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease with exocrine glands dysfunction and multiorgan involvement. It is associated with increased risk of lymphoproliferative disorders, especially B-cell marginal zone lymphoma. While the role of F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose position emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) for evaluation of lymphoma has been established, its use in patients with a chronic history of SS to evaluate for possible lymphoproliferative disorders or multiorgan involvement is limited. We present a case of chronic SS in which F-18 FDG PET/CT demonstrated FDG avid intraparotid and cervical lymph nodes pathologically proven to be mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. In addition, the patient had bibasilar cystic changes consistent with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia

Karakteristik Whey Limbah Dangke Dan Potensinya Sebagai Produk Minuman Dengan Menggunakan Lactobacillus Acidophilus FNCC 0051

Dangke whey has not been widely utilized. Dangke whey handling is required for the prevention of environmental pollution, especially in Enrekang. Evaluating the characteristics of dangke whey is the initial step of dangke whey handling. Complete data about the dangke whey would be scientific information for researchers or the public to further the utilization. Nutritional value of dangke whey allows the use of Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 to be processed into beverage products. This research objectives were to investigate the characteristics of whey from dangke waste, which were obtained from milk protein separation by using lyophilization of papaya latex, and it also to evaluate the potential of dangke whey as beverage product by using Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051. A commercial fermented beverages product is used as a comparison, based on the activity of growth/bacteria numbers, lactic acid and pH. Milk was added with enzyme solution (lyophilized latex) on the level of 0.4 to 1% (v/v). The best level was used for the production of the fermented whey beverage products. Whey was mixed with tapioca level of 0, 0.35, 0.7, 1.05, and 1.4%, and was heated by stirring for 5 minutes at temperature of 70oC. The whey was pasteurized at the temperature of 80oC for 30 minutes. The whey was cooled, and inoculated with L.acidophilus at the level of 1, 3, 5, and 7%, and incubated at 37°C for 8, 12, 16, 18, and 24 hours, respectively. The characteristics of whey dangke were as follows: the solid total was 6.95 ± 0.23%, lactic acid was 0.1 ± 0.003%, fat was 0.2 ± 0.05%, protein was 0.63 ± 0.009%, lactose was 5.08 ± 0.009%, pH was 6.31 ± 0.01, and viscocity was 0.19 ± 0.004 poise. Dangke whey is potential as a beverage products with the addition of Lactobacillus acidophilus with quality similar to the commercial fermented beverage after incubated for 16 hours, with the addition of inoculum level of 5% and tapioca level of 0.35% based on the activity of growth, lactic acid and pH

Ketahanan Enam Klon Karet Terhadap Infeksi Corynespora Cassiicola Penyebab Penyakit Gugur Daun

Resistance of six rubber clones to Corynespora cassiicola the pathogen of rubber leaf fall disease. The objectives of the research was to evaluate the resistance of six rubber clones to Corynespora cassiicola, the pathogen of rubber leaf fall disease. The research was conducted at Phytophatology laboratorium and green house at the Plant Pest and Diseases Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, from March to July 2008. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with six treatments and four replications. Each replication consisted of four polibags of rubber plants. The clons tested were GT 1, PB 260, IRR 39, BPM 1, BPM 24 and PR 261. The results showed that IRR 39 was the most susceptible clon to C. cassiicola infection, whereas disease severety reach up to 98.45 % and leaf fall 73.95 %. Clon PB 260 show as the moderat resistance clon to the pathogen infection. The severity disease of this clon only 41.53 % and leaf fall 10.41%

Advancing Wireless Sensor Networks Performance over Radio Trigger Wake-up Capabilities

In this Paper, we enhance the performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) by optimizing the Wake-up capabilities within a passive radio-triggered wakeup circuit and then used its applications to manage the power consumption of the WSNs. The architecture of our proposed circuit manages the radio power consumption of WSN by harvesting energy from the radio signals and making the radio-triggered hardware sends a wake-up signal to the microcontroller (MCU) of the node. This harvest process takes only 15μs or less to produce wake-up signals within the wake-up circuit and prolongs the lifetime of the WSN nodes. In addition, the proposed circuit receives the RF signal of the network controller through the antenna node and produces an output voltage (VOLDC) by its rectifier module so that this voltage produces direct current DC of 250 mV with the received power of 0.85uW (-13.85dBm). Most importantly, the proposed circuit can produce an output triggered voltage (VOLTG) by its module of LTC1540 –Nano-power Comparator which works as an amplifier (VOLDC) and only needs 0.3μA of energy for the setting of the threshold detector value within the long distance of 100m or more and radiation source of 2W in free-space. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed circuit can produce VOLDC and VOLTG to trigger the wake-up signal of MCU within the long distance and low duty cycle as well as this circuit can identify the synchronization on WSNs