The effects of migration on children's activities in households at origin: Evidence from Senegal

This paper examines the repercussions of international migration on children?s time allocation in households at origin. We focus on children of age 7 to 12 and distinguish three activities: market work, French school attendance, and enrollment in Medersa (Arab/Islamic traditional school). In our analysis, we account for heterogeneities in migration constraints considering differences in migration destinations and the number of migrants within households. We instrument for migration using policy and governance facets in destination countries, precisely France, Spain, and Italy. Results show that ? after controlling for endogeneity ? migration has a positive and significant impact on enrollment in French curriculum school. However, once we account for the destination of the migrant, this positive and significant impact is only verified in households with migrants in Europe. We also note that when the number of migrants within a household increases, children of age 7 to 12 are less likely to attend French school and they are more likely to be involved in paid work activities. We draw evidence from the 2009 Senegalese household survey on migration and remittances (Enquête Ménage sur la Migration et les Transferts de Fonds).International migration; Child Labour; Education; Time allocation; Left-behind; Senegal

Crosstalk Statistics via Collocation Method

A probabilistic model for the evaluation of transmission lines crosstalk is proposed. The geometrical parameters are assumed to be unknown and the exact solution is decomposed into two functions, one depending solely on the random parameters and the other on the frequency. The stochastic collocation method is used to estimate the crosstalk statistical moments. The results are obtained from a limited number of carefully-chosen values of the random geometrical parameters. The estimated statistical moments are then used to build the probability density function of the crosstalk parameters. A Monte Carlo validation demonstrates the accuracy and efficiency of the advocated method.\ud \u

Trade Liberalisation, Growth and Poverty in Senegal: a Dynamic Microsimulation CGE Model Analysis

Much current debate focuses on the role of growth in alleviating poverty. However, the majority of computable general equilibrium (CGE) models used in poverty and inequality analysis are static in nature. The inability of this kind of model to account for growth (accumulation) effects makes them inadequate for long run analysis of the poverty and inequality impacts of economic policies. They exclude accumulation effects and do not allow the study of the transition path of the economy where short run policy impacts are likely to be different from those of the long run. To overcome this limitation we use a sequential dynamic CGE microsimulation model that takes into account accumulation effects and makes it possible to study poverty and inequality through time. Changes in poverty are then decomposed into growth and distribution components in order to examine whether de-protection and factor accumulation are pro-poor or not. The model is applied to Senegalese data using a 1996 social accounting matrix and a 1995 survey of 3278 households. The main findings of this study are that trade liberalisation induces small increases in poverty and inequality in the short run as well as contractions in the initially protected agriculture and industrial sectors. In the long run, it enhances capital accumulation, particularly in the service and industrial sectors, and brings substantial decreases in poverty. However, a decomposition of poverty changes shows that income distribution worsens, with greater gains among urban dwellers and the non-poor.Dynamic CGE model, trade liberalisation, poverty, inequality, Senegal

Interventions that promotes psychological well-being in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 : a literature review

Background: Diabetes is one of the common diseases and many patients experience stress in everyday life and constantly aware of complications leading to poorer mental well-being and suffering. Purpose: The purpose is to describe interventions that promote psychological well-being in patients with diabetes mellitus type second. Method: Searches were done in the databases CINAHL and PubMed and articles reviewed for quality and thirteen quantitative articles were analyzed with an inductive method. Results: The result describes four categories: interventions related to mind, body and soul, interventions such as physical activity, interventions that promote self-care and interventions, such as technology. Discussion: The results were discussed and revealed the importance of coping strategies, working within the patient's life-world and the nurse's treatment.Bakgrund: Diabetes är en av våra vanliga folksjukdomar och många av patienterna upplever påfrestningar i vardagen och en ständig vetskap om komplikationer leder till sämre psykiskt välbefinnande och mer lidande. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva interventioner som främjar psykologiskt välbefinnande hos patienter med diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod: Sökningar gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed, artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och tretton kvantitativa artiklar analyserades med hjälp av en induktiv metod. Resultat: Resultatet beskriver fyra kategorier: interventioner som berör tankar kropp och själ, interventioner såsom fysisk aktivitet, intervention som främjar egenvård och interventioner såsom teknik. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras och då framkommer vikten av coping-strategier, att arbeta utefter patientens livsvärld och sjuksköterskans bemötande

Hyperbolic entire functions and the Eremenko–Lyubich class: Class B or not class B?

Hyperbolicity plays an important role in the study of dynamical systems, and is a key concept in the iteration of rational functions of one complex variable. Hyperbolic systems have also been considered in the study of transcendental entire functions. There does not appear to be an agreed definition of the concept in this context, due to complications arising from the non-compactness of the phase space. In this article, we consider a natural definition of hyperbolicity that requires expanding properties on the preimage of a punctured neighbourhood of the isolated singularity. We show that this definition is equivalent to another commonly used one: a transcendental entire function is hyperbolic if and only if its postsingular set is a compact subset of the Fatou set. This leads us to propose that this notion should be used as the general definition of hyperbolicity in the context of entire functions, and, in particular, that speaking about hyperbolicity makes sense only within the Eremenko–Lyubich classB of transcendental entire functions with a bounded set of singular values. We also considerably strengthen a recent characterisation of the class B, by showing that functions outside of this class cannot be expanding with respect to a metric whose density decays at most polynomially. In particular, this implies that no transcendental entire function can be expanding with respect to the spherical metric. Finally we give a characterisation of an analogous class of functions analytic in a hyperbolic domain

Producing emotionally sensed knowledge? Reflexivity and emotions in researching responses to death

This paper reflects on the methodological complexities of producing emotionally-sensed knowledge about responses to family deaths in urban Senegal. Through engaging in ‘uncomfortable reflexivity’, we critically explore the multiple positionings of the research team comprised of UK, Senegalese and Burkinabé researchers and those of participants in Senegal and interrogate our own cultural assumptions. We explore the emotional labour of the research process from an ethic of care perspective and reflect on how our multiple positionings and emotions influence the production and interpretation of the data, particularly exemplified through our differing responses to diverse meanings of ‘family’ and religious refrains. We show how our approach of ‘uncomfortable reflexivity’ helps to reveal the work of emotions in research, thereby producing ‘emotionally sensed knowledge’ about responses to death and contributing to the cross-cultural study of emotions

Scoping paper on industry in Senegal

Senegal is a typical sub-Saharan economy, which conducted an import substitution policy over 1960-86, followed by a policy of support for the private sector and liberalization of the economy. It suffers from a low level of economic development, hindering the process of economic diversification, and translating into an over-concentration of its exports and production. Through a careful analysis of the main advantages and drawbacks of the Senegalese economy, this scoping paper emphasizes the key obstacles to unleashing prosperity in the country: electricity supply and quality, and the educational system