Pneumocéfalo Espontâneo Hipertensivo

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Dor lombar em crianças: estudo de prevalência

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaObjectivo: Identificar a prevalência da dor lombar em crianças com idades compreendidas entre os dez e doze anos de idade. Métodos: Foi utilizado o Questionário Nórdico (Sjolie, 2003), traduzido e validado para a população portuguesa (Festas, 2010). Foram recolhidos 80 questionários, devidamente preenchidos de carácter anónimo e com as características antropométricas de alunos do 5º e 6º ano do Agrupamento de Escolas Emídio Garcia Bragança, com idades entre os 10 e 12 anos. Resultados: Participaram neste estudo 48,8% estudantes do sexo feminino e 51,2% do sexo masculino. O nosso estudo encontrou uma elevada prevalência de dor lombar em crianças num total de 46,3%. Sendo essa prevalência superior no sexo masculino (51,2%), comparativamente ao sexo feminino (41,0%). A prevalência anual foi inferior de 33,8%, Relativamente ao transporte da mochila podemos verificar no nosso estudo que a maioria dos participantes transportavam a mochila bilateralmente (93,8%) No que diz respeito às actividades/posições que influenciam a dor encontramos diferenças significativas entre os géneros, nos trabalhos manuais, aulas de educação física e actividades físicas de lazer. Conclusão: Segundo o nosso estudo, a prevalência de dor lombar é elevada, sendo por isso importante a prevenção nesta área, nas escolas, através de acções informativas com a ajuda de profissionais de saúde sobre os factores que influenciam a dor.Objective: To identify the prevalence of lumbar pain in children with ages understood between the ten and twelve years of age. Methods: The Nordic (Sjolie, 2003), translated and validated Questionnaire was used for the Portuguese population (Festas, 2010). 80 questionnaires, properly filled out of anonymous character were collected and with the anthropometric characteristics of pupils of 5º and 6º year of the Agrupamento de Escolas Emídio Garcia Bragança, with ages between the 10 and 12 years. Results: 48.8% Students of the feminine sex and 51.2% of the masculine sex had participated in this study. Our study found an elevated prevalence of lumbar pain in children in a total of 46, 3 %. Being this superior predominance in the masculine sex (51, 2 %), comparatively to the feminine sex (41, 0 %).The annual prevalence was inferior to 33, 8 %. Relatively to the transport of the backpack we can check in our study that most of the participants were transporting the backpack bilaterally (93, 8 %) What concerns the activities / positions that influence the pain we found significant differences between the genders, in the manual works, physical education classes and physical activities of leisure. Conclusion: According to our study, the prevalence of lumbar pain is raised, being therefore important the prevention in this area, in schools, through informative actions with the aid of professionals of health on the factors that influence pain

Extended-release niacin increases anti-apolipoprotein A-I antibodies that block the antioxidant effect of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol: the EXPLORE clinical trial.

Extended-release niacin (ERN) is the most effective agent for increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Having previously identified anti-HDL antibodies, we investigated whether ERN affected the antioxidant capacity of HDL and whether ERN was associated with the production of antibodies against HDL (aHDL) and apolipoprotein A-I (aApoA-I). METHODS: Twenty-one patients older than 18 years, with HDL-C ≤40 mg dl-1 (men) or ≤50 mg dl-1 (women) were randomly assigned to receive daily ERN (n = 10) or placebo (n = 11) for two sequential 12-week periods, with 4 weeks of wash-out before cross-over. Primary outcome was change of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and secondary outcomes were changes in aHDL and aApoA-I antibodies. Clinical Trial Unique Identifier: EudraCT 2006-006889-42. RESULTS: The effect of ERN on PON1 activity was nonsignificant (coefficient estimate 20.83 U l-1 , 95% confidence interval [CI] -9.88 to 51.53; P = 0.184). ERN was associated with an increase in HDL-C levels (coefficient estimate 5.21 mg dl-1 , 95% CI 1.16 to 9.25; P = 0.012) and its subclasses HDL2 (coefficient estimate 2.46 mg dl-1 , 95% CI 0.57 to 4.34; P = 0.011) and HDL3 (coefficient estimate 2.73 mg dl-1 , 95% CI 0.47 to 4.98; P = 0.018). ERN was significantly associated with the production of aApoA-I antibodies (coefficient estimate 0.25 μg ml-1 , 95% CI 0.09-0.40; P = 0.001). aApoA-I titres at baseline were correlated with decreased PON activity. CONCLUSIONS: The rise in HDL-C achieved with ERN was not matched by improved antioxidant capacity, eventually hampered by the emergence of aApoA-I antibodies. These results may explain why Niacin and other lipid lowering agents fail to reduce cardiovascular risk.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stress-Related Mucosal Disease: Incidence of Bleeding and the Role of Omeprazole in its Prophylaxis

BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is the severe complication of stress-related mucosal disease in hospitalized patients. In intensive care units (ICU), risk factors are well defined and only mechanical ventilation and coagulopathy proved to be relevant for significant bleeding. On the contrary, in non-ICU settings there is no consensus about this issue. Nevertheless, omeprazole is still widely used in prophylaxis of bleeding. The objective of our study was to evaluate the relevance of stress-related mucosal disease bleeding in patients admitted to an internal medicine ward, and the role of omeprazole in its prophylaxis. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in which we analysed consecutive patients who were admitted to our ward over a year. We recorded demographic characteristics of the patients, potential risk factors for stress-related mucosal disease (clinical data, laboratory, and medication), administration of prophylactic omeprazole, and total cost of this prophylaxis. Patients with active gastrointestinal bleeding on the admission were excluded. We recorded every upper gastrointestinal bleeding event with clinical relevance. RESULTS: Five hundred and thirty-five patients, mean age 70 years, mean length of stay 9.6+/-7.7 days; 140 (26.2%) patients were treated with 40 mg of omeprazole intravenously, 193 (36.1%) with 20mg of omeprazole orally, and 202 (37.8%) patients had no prophylaxis. There was only one episode (0.2%) of clinically relevant bleeding. CONCLUSION: In patients admitted to an internal medicine ward, incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a complication of stress-related mucosal disease is low. We found that there is no advantage in prophylaxis with omeprazole

Antibodies against HDL Components in Ischaemic Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease

Quantitative and qualitative defects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are important in atherogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether antibodies against HDL components had additional value to conventional cardiovascular risk factors for the diagnosis of ischaemic stroke (IS) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Cross-sectional study was conducted on 53 patients with IS, 51 with CAD and 55 healthy controls, and in vitro studies to validate findings of the clinical study. We determined serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against HDL (aHDL), apolipoproteins (aApoA-I, aApoA-II and aApoC-I) and paraoxonase-1 (aPON1) as well as PON1 activity (PON1a), total antioxidant capacity and biomarkers of endothelial activation (serum nitric oxide metabolites, 3-nitrotyrosine, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1); in vitro assays tested the capacity of IgG aHDL purified from high titer patients to inhibit PON1a and to reverse protective effect of HDL on endothelial cells. IgG aHDL, aApoA-I and aPON1 were higher in IS and CAD than controls (p < 0.001), predicted negatively PON1a and positively VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. By adding IgG aHDL and aApoA-I to a traditional cardiovascular risk factors model for IS and by adding IgG aHDL in a similar model for CAD, we obtained better discrimination of IS and CAD from healthy controls. IgG aHDL purified from IS and CAD inhibited PON1a by 38% (p < 0.01) and abrogated the protective effect of HDL on VCAM-1 expression by 126% compared with non-specific human IgG (p < 0.001). IgG against HDL components interfere with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of HDL and may represent novel biomarkers for vascular disease that need to be investigated in prospective studies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O projecto curricular de turma nas perspectivas de professores dos 2º e 3º ciclos do ensino básico.

Esta investigação centra-se nas perspectivas de professores dos 2º e 3º ciclos do ensino básico, procurando compreender, na perspectiva dos professores seleccionados, como estes conceberam e desenvolveram o projecto curricular de turma. Com esta intenção e porque o projecto curricular de turma é o documento que permite contextualizar o currículo nacional aos alunos de uma turma, procura-se caracterizar as perspectivas dos professores de duas turmas do 2º e outras duas do 3º ciclos do ensino básico sobre: concepção sobre o PCT; a importância do PCT; participação na elaboração do PCT; principal dinamizador do PCT; estrutura do PCT; desenvolvimento do PCT; dificuldades na operacionalização dos conteúdos; motivação no desenvolvimento do PCT; cumprimento do PCT; aumento da carga horária dos docentes no desenvolvimento do PCT; condições físicas e materiais da escola para o desenvolvimento do PCT; dificuldades no desenvolvimento do PCT; formação no PCT; as características dos projectos curriculares de turma dos 2º e 3º ciclos. Partindo-se da construção de um quadro teórico que orientasse e fundamentasse o processo da investigação e a recolha e a análise dos dados empíricos, procedemos, numa primeira fase, à realização das entrevistas e à recolha dos documentos projectos curriculares de turma dos conselhos de turma participantes. Para a caracterização das perspectivas atrás mencionadas, fizemos um estudo de casos onde utilizámos as entrevistas e a análise aos documentos mencionados. Apesar das limitações do presente estudo, os resultados conseguidos permitiram o cumprimento dos objectivos a que nos propúnhamos, devendo entender-se como resultados provisórios de um percurso de investigação possibilitando uma continuidade e um maior aprofundamento. O percurso realizado permitiu-nos concluir a não existência de uma diferença significativa nas perspectivas destes professores dos dois ciclos de ensino estudados. Foi-nos possível concluir que estes docentes não têm uma ideia clara sobre a concepção e desenvolvimento do projecto curricular de turma. Constatou-se também que os mesmos têm vontade de fazer formação adequada que vá de encontro às suas reais necessidades.Orientação: Prof.º Doutor Carlos Alberto Ferreir

Cyanobacteria secondary metabolites as biotechnological ingredients in natural anti-aging cosmetics: potential to overcome hyperpigmentation, loss of skin density and UV radiation-deleterious effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Análise do "programa FIFA 11+” na aptidão física e na prevenção de lesões no futsal feminino

Introdução: O Futsal, está a ter um maior número de participantes, sendo uma modalidade em constante crescimento, o que leva ao aumento de sensibilização e preocupação quanto as lesões no futsal. O FIFA 11+ é um programa de aquecimento completo e específico direcionado para a prevenção de lesões que melhora o desempenho da aptidão física dos atletas. Objetivo: Estudar a eficácia do programa FIFA 11+ na redução de lesões em atletas femininas de futsal e avaliar os efeitos na aptidão física. Metodologia: Foram selecionadas 54 atletas, de quatro clubes da primeira divisão feminina, que foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em dois grupos (Grupo Controlo: n=26; FIFA 11+: n=28). O grupo de intervenção foi submetido a 12 semanas de FIFA 11+. Durante o período de acompanhamento ambos os grupos foram avaliados quanto à agilidade (test-t), velocidade (30m), flexibilidade (sentar e alcançar), equilíbrio dinâmico (Y-Balance Test) e potência muscular (standing long jump). Resultados: Os resultados demonstram melhorias após a intervenção do programa FIFA 11+, onde as atletas revelaram melhoria na velocidade, agilidade, flexibilidade, equilíbrio dinâmico e potência muscular. O grupo experimental submetido ao programa FIFA 11+ apresentou uma redução significativa na incidência de lesões. As lesões mais frequentes ocorreram na região da coxa e do tornozelo. Conclusão: O programa FIFA 11+ promoveu ganhos a nível da velocidade, agilidade, flexibilidade, equilíbrio dinâmico, potência muscular e uma diminuição da incidência de lesões. O FIFA 11+ é um programa de prevenção de lesões apropriado para a redução de lesões que também promove a melhoria da aptidão física em jogadoras de futsal feminino.Introduction: Futsal is gaining a growing number of participants and it is a sport that is in constant expansion, which raises awareness and concern regarding injuries in futsal. The FIFA 11+ is a comprehensive and specific warm-up program aimed at injury prevention, which improves the physical fitness of athletes. Objective: To study the effect of the FIFA 11+ program in reducing injuries in female futsal athletes as well as its effects on physical fitness. Methodology: Fifty-four athletes from four clubs in the women's first division were selected and where randomly divided into two groups (Control Group: n=26; FIFA 11+ Group: n=28). The intervention group underwent 12 weeks of the FIFA 11+ program. During the follow-up period, both groups were evaluated for agility (test-t), speed (30m sprint), flexibility (sit-and-reach), dynamic balance (Y-Balance Test) and muscular power (standing long jump). Results: The results demonstrate improvements after the intervention with the FIFA 11+ program, as athletes showed improvements in speed, agility, flexibility, dynamic balance, and muscular power. The FIFA 11+ program showed a significant reduction in injury incidence. The most common injuries occurred in the thigh and ankle region. Conclusion: The FIFA 11+ program promoted gains in speed, agility, flexibility, dynamic balance, muscle power and reduced the incidence of injuries. The FIFA 11+ program is an appropriate injury prevention program for reducing injuries which promotes the enhancement of performance in female futsal players.Mestrado em Fisioterapi