La didattica nei Musei Archivi e Biblioteche

L’intervento approfondisce la modalità di utilizzo delle risorse del MAB per favorire l’arricchimento e l’integrazione della programmazione scolastica in Friuli Venezia Giulia. Le attività attualmente offerte da MAB hanno prevalentemente un carattere occasionale; vista la specificità dei materiali custoditi, spesso adatti più agli studiosi delle singole discipline, è necessario fornire un approccio più generalista, su cui gli insegnanti devono costruire dei percorsi specifici, che comportano inevitabilmente un grande dispendio di ore di lavoro e di ore scolastiche. E’ necessario poi che l’approccio non sia solo passivo, ma che gli studenti vengano coinvolti attivamente nella costruzione del processo educativo. La necessità poi di uscire dalla scuola pone anche dei limiti legali, penali e civili, che investono l’insegnante, nella sua funzione di accompagnatore. Più agevole sembra essere la fruizione di materiale MAB disponibile in modalità online: sebbene non venga meno la funzione del docente, è possibile per gli studenti approcciarsi ai contenuti in maniera più graduale; la modalità virtuale poi risulta più attraente gli occhi dei giovani studenti. Negli ultimi anni le strutture MAB propongono una certa varietà di offerte alle scuole, che non sempre riescono a scegliere in una tale varietà di stimoli. Viene proposto quindi un tavolo di confronto MAB - scuole, che selezioni un numero ristretto di temi significativi, che possano permettere alle scuole del territorio piena realizzazione la loro autonomia didattica, di ricerca, sperimentazione e sviluppo come è previsto dalle norme, (DPR 275/99)

Injury in Kite buggying: The role of the ‘out of buggy experience’

ABSTRACT Background Kite buggying is a fast growing sport recognized by the International Sand and Landyachting Federation (FISLY) that originated in the 1990s and is now practiced all over the world. However, little is known about the injury patterns. Purpose: to classify injury patterns and determine dynamics of injuries, possible causes and preventive measures. Study design: descriptive epidemeological Methods: A questionnaire was filled in by 127 kite buggying enthusiasts in 17 countries. Injuries were classified by type and anatomical site. Incident causes were analyzed using the Haddon matrix. Results: Injuries classified as moderate or severe (AIS Score ≥ 2) were sustained by 26% of kite buggy enthusiasts. The most common incident dynamic (61.8%) was the OBE (an acronym for "out of buggy experience"). Causal factors were largely equipment-related (42.3%), with remaining incidents being equally attributable to environmental and human factors. While upper and lower limbs were equally involved in incidents, the most frequently affected anatomical site was the shoulder (23%). Conclusion: Kite buggying can be considered a sport with the potential for serious injury. Injury prevention in this sport needs to be approached from several angles and should include the development and adoption of automatic release systems and shoulder guards, the establishment of formal training programs covering the subject of meteorology and the establishment of secure, designated kite buggying areas. Findings from this study are important for two reasons. First they demonstrate the significance of understanding specific sports when considering health and safety and second the study provides specific data for the fast growing extreme sport of kite buggying

Complementarity of PALM and SOFI for super-resolution live cell imaging of focal adhesions

Live cell imaging of focal adhesions requires a sufficiently high temporal resolution, which remains a challenging task for super-resolution microscopy. We have addressed this important issue by combining photo-activated localization microscopy (PALM) with super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI). Using simulations and fixed cell focal adhesion images, we investigated the complementarity between PALM and SOFI in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. This PALM-SOFI framework was used to image focal adhesions in living cells, while obtaining a temporal resolution below 10 s. We visualized the dynamics of focal adhesions, and revealed local mean velocities around 190 nm per minute. The complementarity of PALM and SOFI was assessed in detail with a methodology that integrates a quantitative resolution and signal-to-noise metric. This PALM and SOFI concept provides an enlarged quantitative imaging framework, allowing unprecedented functional exploration of focal adhesions through the estimation of molecular parameters such as the fluorophore density and the photo-activation and photo-switching rates

Incidents and injuries in foot launched flying extreme sports: a snap shot from the UK

Background. Participation rates in extreme sports have grown exponentially in the last 40 years,often surpassing traditional sporting activities. The purpose of this study was to examine injury rates in foot launched flying sports, i.e. sports in which a pilot foot-launches into flight with a wing already deployed. Method. This paper is based on a retrospective analysis of the reports of incidents that occurred between 2000 and 2014 among the British Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association members. Results. The majority of the 1411 reported injuries were in the lower limb, followed by the upper limb. The most common lower limb injury was to the ankle and included fractures sprains and dislocations. The distribution of injures was different in each discipline. The calculated yearly fatality rate (fatalities /100,000 participants) was 40.4 in hang gliding, 47.1 in paragliding, 61.9 in powered hang gliding and 83.4 in powered paragliding; the overall value for foot launched flight sports was 43.9. Discussion. Significant differences in injury rates and injury patterns were found among different sport disciplines that can be useful to steer research on safety, and adopt specific safety rules about flying, protective clothing and safety systems in each of these sports

Post-exposure rate of tuberculosis infection among health care workers measured with tuberculin skin test conversion after unprotected exposure to patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: 6-year experience in an Italian teaching hospital

BACKGROUND: This study assesses the risk of LTBI at our Hospital among HCWs who have been exposed to TB patients with a delayed diagnosis and respiratory protection measures were not implemented. METHODS: All HCWs exposed to a patient with cultural confirmed pulmonary TB and respiratory protection measures were not implemented were included. Data on TST results performed in the past (defined as T0) were recorded. TST was performed twice: first, immediately after exposure to an index patient (T1) and three months later (T2). The period of time between T0 and T1 was used to calculate he annual rate of tuberculosis infection (ARTI), while le period of time between T1 and T2 was used to calculate the post exposure annual rate of tuberculosis infection (PEARTI). RESULTS: Fourteen index patients were admitted; sputum smear was positive in 7 (58.3%), 4 (28.6%) were non-Italian born patients. 388 HCWs were exposed to index patients, a median of 27 (12-39) HCW per each index patient. One hundred eighty (46.4%) HCWs received BCG in the past. One hundred twenty two HCWs (31%) were TST positive at a previous routine screening and not evaluated in this subset. Among the remaining 255 HCWs with negative TST test in the past, TST at T1 was positive in 11 (4.3%). ARTI was 1.6 (95% CI 0.9-2.9) per 100 PY. TST at T2 was positive in 9 (3.7%) HCWs, that were TST negative at T1. PEARTI was 26 (95% CI 13.6-50) per 100 PY. At univariate analysis, older age was associated with post exposure latent tuberculosis infection (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.03-1.22, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: PEARTI was considerably higher among HCWs exposed to index patients than ARTI. These data underscore the overwhelming importance of performing a rapid diagnosis, as well as implementing adequate respiratory protection measures when TB is suspected

Rolando Fractures

The term Rolando fracture was described for the first time in 1910 by Silvio Rolando, an Italian surgeon. The eponym is used to describe a comminuted articular fracture of the base of the thumb metacarpal, while partial articular fractures at the volar-ulnar base of the thumb metacarpal are referred to as Bennett fractures. The former describes more comminuted intra-articular patterns through the base, generating the classically described "Y" or "T" morphologies. The latter is distinguished by its 2-part articular fracture pattern including the nondisplaced volar-ulnar fragment which is held in place by its ligamentous attachment to the trapezium, known as the anterior oblique ligament. This activity reviews the classification, evaluation, and management of Rolando fracture, and also illustrates the evaluation and management of Rolando fracture and reviews the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for patients with this condition. Objectives: Describe the pathophysiology of Rolando fracture. Describe the typical imaging findings associated with Rolando fracture. Review the treatment considerations for patients with Rolando fracture. Explain the importance of the interprofessional team as it pertains to improving care coordination among the interprofessional team members when treating Rolando fracture

The Incidence of Pediatric and Adolescent Concussion in Action Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence of concussion risk in youth athletes involved in action sports (AS). Methods: A search of PubMed and Web of Science (from January 1980 to August 2020). Titles, abstracts, and full text were screened according to predefined inclusion criteria to find relevant studies. Moreover, the methodological quality of the studies selected was assessed. Results: Nineteen of 1.619 studies were included in the systematic review and 14 in the meta-analysis. Motocross, sailing and snowboarding presented the highest incidence rates per 1000 athlete exposure at 39.22, 3.73 and 2.77 respectively, whereas alpine skiing had the lowest incidence rates resulting in 0.30. Overall risk of concussion was estimated at 0.33 (CI: 0.22, 0.45). Regarding the methodological quality, we have to report that 26.3% of the studies reported the definition of concussion while 36.8% presented age and gender-specific incidence rates. The mechanism of injury and follow up were reported only in one study. Conclusions: There are significant differences in the rates of incident youth concussion across AS. Despite some limitations, the data from this research can serve as the current sport-specific baseline risk of concussion among youth athletes who practice action sports

The quantitative comparison between the neuronal network and the cosmic web

We investigate the similarities between two of the most challenging and complex systems in Nature: the network of neuronal cells in the human brain, and the cosmic network of galaxies. We explore the structural, morphological, network properties and the memory capacity of these two fascinating systems, with a quantitative approach. In order to have an homogeneous analysis of both systems, our procedure does not consider the true neural connectivity but an approximation of it, based on simple proximity. The tantalizing degree of similarity that our analysis exposes seems to suggest that the self-organization of both complex systems is likely being shaped by similar principles of network dynamics, despite the radically different scales and processes at play

Good practices for critical infrastructure resilience : a classification and assessment framework

LAUREA MAGISTRALENell’ultimo decennio, il crescente numero di incidenti e disastri ha messo in luce la mancanza di approcci strutturati e scarsi mezzi organizzativi nel far fronte ad eventi dove sono direttamente o indirettamente coinvolte Infrastrutture Critiche. In particolare, nonostante esista un numero elevato di pratiche, queste risultano essere spesso insufficienti a coprire il vasto spettro di requisiti per la gestione di emergenze. Le diverse organizzazioni, nel corso degli anni hanno sempre più compreso l’importanza di passare da un approccio basato semplicemente sulla Protezione delle Infrastrutture Critiche ad un approccio che pone al centro il concetto di Resilienza. Tuttavia, la mancanza di approcci comuni tra le varie organizzazioni e tra livelli di governance (aziendale, locale, nazionale e multinazionale), così come una scarsa cooperazione tra partners hanno messo in luce un quadro non strutturato e poco integrato per la gestione delle crisi relative alle Infrastrutture Critiche. Lo stato dell’arte della ricerca scientifica richiama la necessità di adottare approcci collaborativi per gestire le interdipendenze e mette in luce come l’effetto domino dovuto a queste interdipendenze amplifichi, nello spazio, nel tempo e nelle le funzioni sociali, l’impatto di una crisi. L’obbiettivo di questa tesi è quello di creare un framework integrato che permetta di valutare e confrontare le Buone Pratiche attualmente in uso nel panorama della Resilienza delle Infrastrutture Critiche, principalmente a livello locale e nazionale; il framework prende in considerazione l’importanza di pratiche collaborative tra partners. Nello specifico, il metodo di valutazione consente di profilare i punti di forza e di debolezza di ogni Buona Pratica in relazione alle 14 capabilities di gestione delle emergenze; la comparazione permette di creare un “bundle ottimo” che identifica le Buone Pratiche che sono in grado di coprire i requisiti per una gestione ottimale di una crisi, nello specifico delle capabilities richieste nelle diverse fasi della gestione delle emergenze. Il framework è stato poi validato attraverso lo sviluppo di un questionario proposto ad esperti nell’ambito della Resilienza delle Infrastrutture Critiche, consentendo l’integrazione nel framework di conoscenza basata sulla ricerca scientifica e sul giudizio degli esperti.In the last decade, the increasing number of accidents and disasters has highlighted the lack of structured approaches and poor organizational means when dealing with events where Critical Infrastructure (CI) systems are directly or indirectly involved. In particular, despite the existence of a large number of practices, these have often proved to be insufficient to cover the wide spectrum of Emergency Management capabilities. Through the years, organizations have increasingly understood the importance of moving from an approach simply based on the Protection of CI to an approach which places Resilience at the core. However, the lack of common approaches among different organizations and across governance levels (company, local, national, multi-national), as well as poor operational cooperation among partners have revealed a still unstructured and poorly integrated framework for CI-related Emergency Management. The scientific state of the art calls for the need to adopt collaborative approaches to manage interdependencies and shows how the domino effect, which comes from these interdependencies, amplifies, over space, time and social functions, the impact of a crisis. The goal of this thesis is to create an integrated framework to assess and compare Good Practices (GPs) which are currently used in the Critical Infrastructure Resilience environment, mainly at local and national levels; the framework takes into account the importance of collaborative practices among partners. Specifically, the assessment method allows to profiling the strengths and weaknesses of each GP against 14 Emergency Management capabilities; the comparison allows the creation of an "optimal bundle" which identifies the Good Practices that are able to cover the requirements for an optimal crisis management, namely the capabilities required through the various phases of Emergency Management. The framework was quantified and validated through the development of a questionnaire proposed to Critical Infrastructure Resilience experts, thus enabling the integration of science-based and expert-based knowledge into the framework