Lysosome-dependent cell death and deregulated autophagy induced by amine-modified polystyrene nanoparticles

Nanoparticles (NPs) typically accumulate in lysosomes. However, their impact on lysosomal function, as well as autophagy, a lysosomal degradative pathway, is still not well known. We have previously reported in the 1321N1 cell line that amine-modified polystyrene (NH2-PS) NPs induce apoptosis through damage initiated in the lysosomes leading ultimately to release of lysosomal content in the cytosol, followed by apoptosis. Here, by using a combination of biochemical and cell biological approaches, we have characterized in a mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line that the lysosomal alterations induced by NH2-PS NPs is progressive, initiating from mild lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), to expansion of lysosomal volume and intensive LMP before the summit of cell death. Though the cells initially seem to induce autophagy as a surviving mechanism, the damage of NH2-PS NPs to lysosomes probably results in lysosomal dysfunctions, leading to blockage of autophagic flux at the level of lysosomes and the eventual cell death

Effect of Aqueous Extract from Morinda officinalis F. C. How

The present study aimed to assess the protective effects of aqueous extract from Morinda officinalis F. C. How on microwave-induced reproductive impairment in male rats. Microwave exposure injury was induced by exposure of 900 MHz microwaves at 218 μm/cm2 radiation densities, 24 hours/day for 10 days. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to: normal control, microwave exposure model, or water layer or ethyl acetate layer of aqueous extract 40 g/kg treatment groups. After 2 weeks of treatment, sexual performance, serum levels of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or testosterone, morphological analysis of testis and epididymis, and GnRH protein expression in the hypothalamus were measured. Pretreatment with water layer of aqueous extract 40 g/kg significantly improved sexual performance, increased serum testosterone level, and decreased LH and GnRH level compared with microwave exposed model rats (all P<0.05). Water layer of aqueous extract treatment significantly increased seminiferous cell or sperm number in testis and epididymis. Protein expression of GnRH in the hypothalamus significantly decreased in the water layer of aqueous extract treated group (P<0.05). Ethyl acetate layer of aqueous extract did not show obvious effects on the measured parameters. These findings suggest that water layer of aqueous extract 40 g/kg ameliorates microwave-reduced reproductive impairment

Investigation on Purine Corrosion Inhibitions via Quantum Chemical Calculation

Corrosion inhibition performances of three purine derivatives were investigated systematically by employing DFT and molecular modeling. The relationship between macroscopic inhibition efficiency and quantum chemical properties was discussed from multiple perspectives, based on frontier orbital theory, and Fukui function theories. Comparative experimental and theoretical studies were taken, indicating the inhibition efficiency could be analyzed in the order of guanine <2,6-diaminopurine <2,6-dithiopurine. The sulphur atom (S5) was validated to be the most susceptible site for electrophile via quantitative surface analysis

YOLO-DTO: Automotive Door Panel Fastener Detection Algorithm Based on Deep Learning

The common detection of fasteners of automobile door panels is based on the method of template matching, which has the problems of low detection accuracy and poor real-time performance under the influence of different lighting and different placement positions. To improve the detection speed and accuracy of fasteners in complex scenes, a small object detection algorithm, YOLO-DTO (Detect Tiny Object), was proposed based on the YOLOv8 algorithm. Firstly, considering that the algorithm uses strided convolution to compress the input image prematurely, resulting in the loss of fine-grained information in the early stage of the image, which makes it difficult to recover the complete detail information in the subsequent feature fusion process, this paper modifies the convolution module in the early stage of the algorithm and introduces the SPD (SPace-to-Depth) module to reconstruct the early stage of the original algorithm. Secondly, a selective attention module is embedded in the Neck output position of the algorithm to enhance the algorithm's ability to pay attention to the context information of fasteners. Finally, to optimize the regression efficiency of the bounding box, the MPDIoU loss function replaced the CIoU loss function. Experimental results show that the average detection accuracy of the YOLO-DTO algorithm is 98.8 %, which is 9.1 % and 1.7 % higher than that of the template matching method and YOLOv8 algorithm, respectively, which meets the detection standards of factory production lines and has the practical value

An ancestral NB-LRR with duplicated 3'UTRs confers stripe rust resistance in wheat and barley.

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a global threat to wheat production. Aegilops tauschii, one of the wheat progenitors, carries the YrAS2388 locus for resistance to Pst on chromosome 4DS. We reveal that YrAS2388 encodes a typical nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR). The Pst-resistant allele YrAS2388R has duplicated 3' untranslated regions and is characterized by alternative splicing in the nucleotide-binding domain. Mutation of the YrAS2388R allele disrupts its resistance to Pst in synthetic hexaploid wheat; transgenic plants with YrAS2388R show resistance to eleven Pst races in common wheat and one race of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei in barley. The YrAS2388R allele occurs only in Ae. tauschii and the Ae. tauschii-derived synthetic wheat; it is absent in 100% (n = 461) of common wheat lines tested. The cloning of YrAS2388R will facilitate breeding for stripe rust resistance in wheat and other Triticeae species

3-(4-Bromo­phen­yl)-4-(4-hy­droxy­anilino)furan-2(5H)-one

In the title compound, C16H12BrNO3, the butyrolactone core adopts the furan-2(5H)-one structure and forms dihedral angles of 44.80 (17) and 65.73 (18)° with the bromo­benzene and phenol rings, respectively. In the crystal, N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules, generating R 4 3(26) loops The edge-fused rings extend to form a chain running along the b-axis direction and C—H⋯π contacts help to consolidate the packing

Study on the impact of industrial and commercial capital going to the countryside on non-grain production of cultivated land—based on the provincial panel data of China from 2013 to 2022

Industrial and commercial capital going to the countryside can effectively alleviate the shortage of funds for agricultural and rural development, which is the key to promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. In order to explore the influence of industrial and commercial capital going to the countryside on the non-grain production of cultivated land, based on the panel data of 30 provinces (except Tibet) in China from 2013 to 2022, this paper systematically uses the two-way fixed effect model, the intermediary effect model and the threshold effect model to test the effect, mechanism and threshold effect of industrial and commercial capital going to the countryside on the non-grain production of cultivated land. The results show that: (1) Industrial and commercial capital going to the countryside can effectively restrain the non-grain production of cultivated land. (2) Industrial and commercial capital going to the countryside can restrain non-grain production of cultivated land by accelerating land circulation and improving the level of scientific and technological development. (3) There is a single threshold effect on the inhibition of industrial and commercial capital going to the countryside. When the level of industrial and commercial capital going to the countryside is higher than the threshold value (29.124), the inhibition on non-grain production of cultivated land is weakened. (4) The inhibitory effect of industrial and commercial capital going to the countryside is heterogeneous, which has a greater inhibitory effect on the non-grain production of cultivated land in central China, major grain producing areas, northern region and areas with low marketization. This study enriches the research on the influence of industrial and commercial capital going to the countryside on the production and use of cultivated land, and provides theoretical reference for guiding industrial and commercial capital to invest in agriculture and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture