Local Polynomial Regression Solution for Differential Equations with Initial and Boundary Values

Numerical solutions of the linear differential boundary issues are obtained by using a local polynomial estimator method with kernel smoothing. To achieve this, a combination of a local polynomial-based method and its differential form has been used. The computed results with the use of this technique have been compared with the exact solution and other existing methods to show the required accuracy of it. The effectiveness of this method is verified by three illustrative examples. The presented method is seen to be a very reliable alternative method to some existing techniques for such realistic problems. Numerical results show that the solution of this method is more accurate than that of other methods

Local Polynomial Regression Solution for Partial Differential Equations with Initial and Boundary Values

Local polynomial regression (LPR) is applied to solve the partial differential equations (PDEs). Usually, the solutions of the problems are separation of variables and eigenfunction expansion methods, so we are rarely able to find analytical solutions. Consequently, we must try to find numerical solutions. In this paper, two test problems are considered for the numerical illustration of the method. Comparisons are made between the exact solutions and the results of the LPR. The results of applying this theory to the PDEs reveal that LPR method possesses very high accuracy, adaptability, and efficiency; more importantly, numerical illustrations indicate that the new method is much more efficient than B-splines and AGE methods derived for the same purpose.</jats:p

By promoting growth and development, castor bean meal biofertilizer improves the yield and quality of Tartary buckwheat and indirectly improves the growth and development of Tartary buckwheat sprouts

IntroductionFertilizer selection and application is closely related to crop yield and quality. Tartary buckwheat is a medicinal and food crops, has a broad space for development. However, the effect of castor bean meal biofertilizer on the growth and development, yield and quality of Tartary buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat buds is not clear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of castor bean meal biofertilizer on Tartary buckwheat yield and quality, and then to elucidate the effect of castor bean meal biofertilizer indirectly on Tartary buckwheat bud yield and quality.MethodsTong buckwheat 3 as the test material, in 2 years of field trials, no fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and cow manure as a control, a total of 10 types of fertilizer treatment, respectively, CK (0 kg·ha-1), F1, F2, F3 (fertilizer, 225, 300, 375kg·ha-1); N1, N2, N3 (cow manure, 7500, 15000, 22500kg·ha-1); B1, B2, B3(Castor bean meal biofertilizer, 7500, 15000, 22500kg·ha-1).Results(1) under different fertilizer treatments, Tartary buckwheat plant height, stem thickness, the number of main stem nodes, the number of main stem branches, leaf area and chlorophyll content; single plant grain weight, thousand grain weight and yield of castor bean meal biofertilizer treatment is good, and in the B2 treatment to reach the maximum value. (2) under different fertilizer treatments, Tartary buckwheat protein, starch, cellulose, fat, flavonoid fractions and bioflavonoids are B2 treatment when the highest content. (3) Different fertilization treatments of Tartary buckwheat cultivated Tartary buckwheat buds bud length, fresh weight and dry weight there are significant differences. Tartary buckwheat buds in the 0-16d free amino acids, soluble sugars, total phenols, vitamin C and bioflavonoids content of Tartary buckwheat seeds in the B2 treatment of Tartary buckwheat cultivated Tartary buckwheat buds of the best indicators.DiscussionIn short, this study provides a new fertilization option to improve Tartary buckwheat yield and quality

Introduction of modern diagnostic approach to detect Babesia in clinical and animal samples

Babezija je parazit, ki se s klopom prenese na ljudi in živali, kjer lahko povzroči okužbo. Zlati standard dokazovanja babezioze je neposredni mikroskopski pregled barvanega krvnega razmaza, s katerimi ne moremo določiti babezije do vrste natančno. Babeziozo lahko dokažemo tudi z metodo posredne imunofluorescence, ki pa ni primerna pri imunsko oslabljenih bolnikih. Z magistrsko nalogo smo razvili PCR v realnem času za dokaz DNA babezij, ki povzročajo okužbe pri ljudeh in živalih v Sloveniji in s tem olajšali ter skrajšali čas do laboratorijskega izvida. Dokazali smo, da je metoda PCR v realnem času bolj občutljiva in bolj specifična od neposrednega mikroskopskega pregleda preparata krvi ter klasičnega PCR. Kot selekcijski marker smo uporabili gen 18S rRNA, ki vsebuje hipervariabilne odseke, obdane z visoko ohranjenimi regijami. Razvili smo visoko specifičen in občutljiv PCR v realnem času, ki pomnožuje sev humane babezije Babesia sp. Irk, ki so ga dokazali leta 2014 pri imunsko oslabljeni bolnici iz Prekmurja. S kvantifikacijo z digitalnim PCR smo spremljali potek parazitemije in zdravljenja pri bolnici ter dokazali babezijsko DNA tudi po 89. dneh zdravljenja, ko so bili rezultati ostalih metod že negativni. Zaključimo lahko, da je PCR v realnem času hitra, visoko občutljiva in enostavna metoda, ki omogoča dokaz babezioze v zgodnjih fazah bolezni ter spremljanje poteka zdravljenja.Babesia is a parasite that can be transmitted to humans and animals, where it causes infection. With methods like microscopic staining of blood smears, that do not give us the information about the species, and indirect immunofluorescence, that we can not use on immunocompromised patients, real time PCR seems to be a much better choice for diagnostics. Within M. Sc. Thesis we developed real time PCR for detection of Babesia species DNA, found in humans and animals around Slovenia. We proved that real time PCR is a more sensitive and specific method than the microscopic staining of blood smears and conventional PCR. As a selection marker we used 18S rRNA gene with hipervariable sections that are surrounded with highly conservative regions. Our real time PCR amplifies strain of human Babesia sp. Irk, that was first found in 2014 in an immunocompromised patient from Prekmurje. By using absolute quantification of a digital PCR, we were able to follow parasitemia and treatment of the patient and detected DNA of the parasite even after 89 days from the beginning of the treatment, when all the other methods showed negative results. In conclusion, we can say that real time PCR is a quick, highly sensitive method that is easy to use and is useful for detection of babesial DNA at the beginning of the infection as well as for monitoring the course of treatment

BrLAS, a GRAS Transcription Factor From Brassica rapa, Is Involved in Drought Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

GRAS proteins belong to a plant-specific transcription factor family and play roles in diverse physiological processes and environmental signals. In this study, we identified and characterized a GRAS transcription factor gene in Brassica rapa, BrLAS, an ortholog of Arabidopsis AtLAS. BrLAS was primarily expressed in the roots and axillary meristems, and localized exclusively in the nucleus of B. rapa protoplast cells. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that BrLAS was upregulated by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stress treatment [polyethylene glycol (PEG), NaCl, and H2O2]. BrLAS-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited pleiotropic characteristics, including morphological changes, delayed bolting and flowering time, reduced fertility and delayed senescence. Transgenic plants also displayed significantly enhanced drought resistance with decreased accumulation of ROS and increased antioxidant enzyme activity under drought treatment compared with the wild-type. Increased sensitivity to exogenous ABA was also observed in the transgenic plants. qRT-PCR analysis further showed that expression of several genes involved in stress responses and associated with leaf senescence were also modified. These findings suggest that BrLAS encodes a stress-responsive GRASs transcription factor that positively regulates drought stress tolerance, suggesting a role in breeding programs aimed at improving drought tolerance in plants

BrRLP48, Encoding a Receptor-Like Protein, Involved in Downy Mildew Resistance in Brassica rapa

Downy mildew, caused by Hyaloperonospora parasitica, is a major disease of Brassica rapa that causes large economic losses in many B. rapa-growing regions of the world. The genotype used in this study was based on a double haploid population derived from a cross between the Chinese cabbage line BY and a European turnip line MM, susceptible and resistant to downy mildew, respectively. We initially located a locus Br-DM04 for downy mildew resistance in a region about 2.7 Mb on chromosome A04, which accounts for 22.3% of the phenotypic variation. Using a large F2 mapping population (1156 individuals) we further mapped Br-DM04 within a 160 kb region, containing 17 genes encoding proteins. Based on sequence annotations for these genes, four candidate genes related to disease resistance, BrLRR1, BrLRR2, BrRLP47, and BrRLP48 were identified. Overexpression of both BrRLP47 and BrRLP48 using a transient expression system significantly enhanced the downy mildew resistance of the susceptible line BY. But only the leaves infiltrated with RNAi construct of BrRLP48 could significantly reduce the disease resistance in resistant line MM. Furthermore, promoter sequence analysis showed that one salicylic acid (SA) and two jasmonic acid-responsive transcript elements were found in BrRLP48 from the resistant line, but not in the susceptible one. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of BrRLP48 was significantly induced by inoculation with downy mildew or SA treatment in the resistant line MM. Based on these findings, we concluded that BrRLP48 was involved in disease resistant response and the disease-inducible expression of BrRLP48 contributed to the downy mildew resistance. These findings led to a new understanding of the mechanisms of resistance and lay the foundation for marker-assisted selection to improve downy mildew resistance in Brassica rapa

A chromosome-level Pinellia ternata genome assembly provides insight into the evolutionary origin of ephedrine and acrid raphide formation

The tuber of Pinellia ternata is broadly used in traditional herbal medicines in Asian countries. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome sequence of P. ternata. The genome of diploid P. ternata was 2.08 Gb and assembled into 13 pseudo-chromosomes containing 34,342 genes. P. pedatisecta is the closest-related species with a full genome sequence, and their divergence began approximately 11.55 million years ago. Comparative transcriptome analysis on various tissues suggested the enrichment of genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism in P. ternata tuber. The candidate genes of ephedrine biosynthesis in the phenylpropanoid pathway were identified. At least one gene for each synthase of ephedrine biosynthesis was predominantly expressed in the tuber. Notably, all four phenylalanine ammonia lyase genes were predominately expressed in tuber tissue. A series of genes involved in oxalate metabolism were found to be highly expressed in tubers, contributing to the high accumulation of oxalate in tubers as well as the formation of acrid raphide via reaction with calcium ions. There are 14 lectin genes in the P. ternata genome, which were all highly expressed in the tuber, explaining the acrid raphide formation. These findings provide new insight into ephedrine biosynthesis and acrid raphide formation