Why Do Women Have Longer Unemployment Durations than Men in Post-Restructuring Urban China?

This paper provides the first systematic analysis of the reasons why women endure longer unemployment durations than men in post-restructuring urban China using data obtained from a national representative household survey. Rejecting the view that women are less earnest than men in their desire for employment, the analysis shows that women's job search efforts are handicapped by lack of access to social networks, social stereotyping (that married women are unreliable employees), unequal access to social reemployment services stemming from sex segregation prior to the displacement, and wage discrimination in the post-restructuring labor market.Gender inequality, unemployment duration, Oaxaca-decomposition

Investigation of the effects of temperature and ions on the interaction between ECG and BSA by the fluorescence quenching method

The effects of temperature and common ions on binding (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) are investigated. The binding constants (Ka) between ECG and BSA are 1.20 Ч 106 (17°C), 1.38 Ч 106 (27°C), and 5.69 x 106 L mol-1 (37°C), and the number of binding sites (n) were 1.14, 1.15, and 1.26, respectively. These results showed that the increasing temperature improves the stability of the ECG-BSA system, which results in a higher binding constant and the number of binding sites of the ECG-BSA system. The presence of Co2+ and Zn2+ ions decreased the binding constants (Ka) and the number of binding sites (n) of ECG-BSA complex. However, the presence of Cu2+ and Ni2+ increased the affinity of ECG for BSA largely. The positive ΔH and positive ΔS indicated that hydrophobic forces might play a major role in the binding between ECG and BSA

A novel approach to primary cell culture for Octopus vulgaris neurons

Octopus vulgaris is a unique model system for studying complex behaviours in animals. It has a large and centralized nervous system made up of lobes that are involved in controlling various sophisticated behaviours. As such, it may be considered as a model organism for untangling the neuronal mechanisms underlying behaviours – including learning and memory. However, despite considerable efforts, Octopus lags behind its other counterparts vis-à-vis its utility in deciphering the cellular, molecular and synaptic mechanisms underlying various behaviours. This study represents a novel approach designed to establish a neuronal cell culture protocol that makes this species amenable to further exploitation as a model system. Here we developed a protocol that enables dissociation of neurons from two specific Octopus’ brain regions, the vertical-superior frontal system and the optic lobes, which are involved in memory, learning, sensory integration and adult neurogenesis. In particular, cells dissociated with enzyme papain and cultured on Poly-D-Lysine-coated dishes with L15-medium and fetal bovine serum yielded high neuronal survival, axon growth, and re-growth after injury. This model was also explored to define optimal culture conditions and to demonstrate the regenerative capabilities of adult Octopus neurons after axotomy. This study thus further underscores the importance of Octopus neurons as a model system for deciphering fundamental molecular and cellular mechanism of complex brain function and underlying behaviours

Pose Error Analysis Model Based on Binocular Vision for Rigid-Body

In order to satisfy the orientationmeasuring requirements of rigid-body such as work piece, cutting tool inindustry and medical instrumentsfor invasive surgery, this paper presents a binocularvision detection technique based on spatial position information of markers toextract rigid-body pose information and analyzes the pose accuracy of rigid-bodyusing the principalcomponent analysis(PCA) and the least square method(LSM) when spatial position error of markers exist. The simulation experiment demonstrates themaximum angle error of orientation is about 0.59 degree when the position error ofmarkers satisfy the Gaussian distribution with the meanis zero and thestandard deviation is 0~3mm. The experimental results verify this method canrobustly solve the orientation of rigid body using the position information ofmarkers with position errors, and it provides a theoretical and experimentalbasis for orientation measurement of rigid body. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i12.6136

SHADE AVOIDANCE 4 is required for proper auxin distribution in the hypocotyl

The phytohormone auxin is involved in virtually every aspect of plant growth and development. Through polar auxin transport, auxin gradients can be established, which then direct plant differentiation and growth. Shade avoidance responses are well- known processes that require polar auxin transport. In this study, we have identified a mutant, shade avoidance 4 (sav4), defective in shade-induced hypocotyl elongation and basipetal auxin transport. SAV4 encodes an unknown protein with armadillo repeat- and tetratricopeptide repeat-like domains known to provide protein-protein interaction surfaces. C terminally yellow fluorescent protein-tagged SAV4 localizes to both the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Membrane-localized SAV4 displays a polar association with the shootward plasma membrane domain in hypocotyl and root cells, which appears to be necessary for its function in hypocotyl elongation. Cotransfection of SAV4 and ATP-binding cassette B1 (ABCB1) auxin transporter in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) revealed that SAV4 blocks ABCB1-mediated auxin efflux. We thus propose that polarly localized SAV4 acts to inhibit ABCB-mediated auxin efflux toward shoots and facilitates the establishment of proper auxin gradients

Water Level Intelligent System of Data Acquisition and Early Warning

In order to improve work efficiency of hydrometric station, guarantee the accuracy and timeliness of water level data acquisition, process water level data in a timely manner and make early warning of risk, mobile devices are proposed as collection, sending and early warning terminal of water level data, and the upper computer as the receiving and processing terminal of water level data. The water level access algorithm is studied, and the stripping method is used to obtain the high-accuracy water level information. The image thinning algorithm is applied to optimize, so as to reduce the complexity of the algorithm. The programming is able to control real-time data sending, which realizes the data exchange between server terminal and communication module. Microsoft Access database is applied to the operation of water level information and the design of man-machine interface. Experimental study shows that this system can accurately acquire information in real time, undertake statistical analysis of data with many functions such as early warning, effectively improve the work efficiency of water level monitoring and improve the management level of hydrological industry. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i6.545

Chaotic dynamics in Bertrand model with technological innovation

In this paper, the dynamics of a Bertrand duopoly game with technology innovation have been studied, which contains boundedly rational and naive players. They have been analyzed that the stability of the equilibrium point, the bifurcation and chaotic behavior of the dynamic system. It has been proved that technology innovation has played a very important role in the stability of Nash equilibrium point. Technology innovation can enlarge the stability region of the speed and control the chaos of the dynamic system effectively