A Complex Network Structure Design for Load Balancing and Redundant

The usages of the Internet are more and more important. Under the consideration of cost and redundant, multiple link structure for connecting to the Internet for an organization to reduce network traffic jam problem is more necessary. Most of the time, multiple line connections mean multiple Internet Service Provider (ISP). It leads to the management problem for traffic load balancing and multiple ISP routes. This paper presents a design of such a multiple links network structure using load balancers. Also, four load balancing schemes in the load balancer are tested and compared. This multiple ISPs structure got benefits of links redundancy and traffic load balancing. And it can be applied for primary and high schools that apply inexpensive multiple Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines (ADSL) (Cioffi et al. 1999)

A granular computing approach to improve large attributes learning

[[abstract]]Based on the concept of granular computing, this article proposes a novel Boolean Conversion (BC) method to reduce data attribute number for the purpose of improving the efficiency of learning in artificial intelligence. Data with large amount of attributes usually cause a system freezes or shuts down. The proposed method combines large amount attributes to smaller number ones by the way of Boolean method. Three data sets are used to compare the learning accuracies and efficiencies by Bayesian networks (BN), C4.5 decision tree, support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy neural network (FNN, neuro-fuzzy), and Mega-fuzzification learning methods. Results indicate that the proposed BC method can improve the efficiency of machine learning and the accuracy is not worse. ©2009 IEEE

Approximate distribution of demerit statistic-A bounding approach

[[abstract]]The traditional classical demerit control chart is used to plot the demerit statistic, a weighted sum of the number of defects in each category, on a control chart. The approximate normal method is usually used to obtain control limits though the distribution that depends on the values of the weights and the parameters of the Poisson distribution which may not always be normal. [Jones, L.A., Woodall, W.H., Conerly, M.D., 1999. Exact properties of demerit control charts. Journal of Quality Technology 31 (2), 207-216] used the characteristic function approach to determine the distribution of the demerit statistic. Unfortunately, the process that they used to determine the distribution needs complex integral evaluation via mathematical software packages or using the approximate truncated infinite series. Moreover, the characteristic function does not provide an accurate result easily. In this paper, a bounding approach is proposed to determine the approximate distribution of the demerit statistic. It is easy to implement and also the approximate error can be controlled to meet the desired accuracy. In addition, an example is demonstrated to illustrate the proposed method. The results indicate that the proposed approach is efficient and accurate. Finally, the performance among the approximate normal method, the characteristic function approach, and the proposed bounding approach are discussed. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Different male mate location behaviour of the Glanville fritillary butterfly in different landscapes in the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China

In a previous study most males of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) were caught in valleys, whereas almost all females were distributed on slopes in the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China. To help understand this phenomenon, male mate location behaviours were observed in different landscapes of the Tianshan Mountains. In valleys, males exhibited perching behaviour. On slopes, spatial distribution of males showed patrolling behaviour on meadows, but intermediate behaviour between perching and patrolling at forest edge. The temporal distribution of males also varied, being found on slopes from 7:00 to 18:00, but in valleys from 8:00 to 13:00 each day. Ambient temperatures were higher on slopes than those in valleys between 8:00 to 13:00. Males exhibited lower tolerance to high temperature than females, leading to the conclusion that valleys are more likely to be used by males as thermoregulation sites, rather than for mating

Deep Learning Based Segmentation of Various Brain Lesions for Radiosurgery

Semantic segmentation of medical images with deep learning models is rapidly developed. In this study, we benchmarked state-of-the-art deep learning segmentation algorithms on our clinical stereotactic radiosurgery dataset, demonstrating the strengths and weaknesses of these algorithms in a fairly practical scenario. In particular, we compared the model performances with respect to their sampling method, model architecture, and the choice of loss functions, identifying the suitable settings for their applications and shedding light on the possible improvements

Wind-driven sediment exchange between the Indian marginal seas over the last 18,000 years

The Indian Coastal Current is the only channel for material exchange between the two largest marginal seas in the northern Indian Ocean: the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. However, its past history is poorly known, limiting accurate predictions of its future changes. Here, we present a new clay mineral record from south of India supported by interpretations of model simulations to trace its variability over the last 18,000 years. Decreased smectite/(illite+chlorite) ratios during the cold intervals suggest that a stronger northeasterly wind led to a mean southward flow of the Indian Coastal Current in the Bay of Bengal. In contrast, increased smectite/(illite+chlorite) ratios during the warm intervals suggest the opposite scenario. Combining the proxy record with model simulations, we infer that atmospheric circulation changes were the main driver of the changes. Moreover, a possible link is observed between a positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and weakened southward flow of the Indian Coastal Current in the Bay of Bengal during the Holocene. These findings imply that future warming scenarios, if associated with more intense positive IOD events as proposed, may lead to a reduction in fresh water transport from the Bay of Bengal to the Arabian Sea

The silicon isotope composition of Ethmodiscus rexlaminated diatom mats from the tropical West Pacific: Implications for silicate cycling during the Last Glacial Maximum

The cause of massive blooms of Ethmodiscus rex laminated diatom mats (LDMs) in the eastern Philippine Sea (EPS) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remains uncertain. In order to better understand the mechanism of formation of E. rex LDMs from the perspective of dissolved silicon (DSi) utilization, we determined the silicon isotopic composition of single E. rex diatom frustules (δ30SiE. rex) from two sediment cores in the Parece Vela Basin of the EPS. In the study cores, δ30SiE. rex varies from −1.23‰ to −0.83‰ (average −1.04‰), a range that is atypical of marine diatom δ30Si and that corresponds to the lower limit of reported diatom δ30Si values of any age. A binary mixing model (upwelled silicon versus eolian silicon) accounting for silicon isotopic fractionation during DSi uptake by diatoms was constructed. The binary mixing model demonstrates that E. rex dominantly utilized DSi from eolian sources (i.e., Asian dust) with only minor contributions from upwelled seawater sources (i.e., advected from Subantarctic Mode Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water, or North Pacific Intermediate Water). E. rex utilized only ~24% of available DSi, indicating that surface waters of the EPS were eutrophic with respect to silicon during the LGM. Our results suggest that giant diatoms did not always use a buoyancy strategy to obtain nutrients from the deep nutrient pool, thus revising previously proposed models for the formation of E. rex LDMs

The genome sequence of the orchid Phalaenopsis equestris

Orchidaceae, renowned for its spectacular flowers and other reproductive and ecological adaptations, is one of the most diverse plant families. Here we present the genome sequence of the tropical epiphytic orchid Phalaenopsis equestris, a frequently used parent species for orchid breeding. P. equestris is the first plant with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) for which the genome has been sequenced. Our assembled genome contains 29,431 predicted protein-coding genes. We find that contigs likely to be underassembled, owing to heterozygosity, are enriched for genes that might be involved in self-incompatibility pathways. We find evidence for an orchid-specific paleopolyploidy event that preceded the radiation of most orchid clades, and our results suggest that gene duplication might have contributed to the evolution of CAM photosynthesis in P. equestris. Finally, we find expanded and diversified families of MADS-box C/D-class, B-class AP3 and AGL6-class genes, which might contribute to the highly specialized morphology of orchid flowers. (Résumé d'auteur

Mechanism interference critical characterization and autonomous demodulation method of solid filling hydraulic support

Whether the self-demodulation of mechanism interference can be realized in the self-driven execution process of filling operation is the basis for the solid filling hydraulic support to achieve intelligence. Using the theoretical analysis method, taking the ZC5 160/30/50 type solid filling hydraulic support as an example, starting from the geometric and motion constraint relationship of the filling support mechanism, the orthogonal pose control index is established: the horizontal distance and vertical distance of the tamping hinge point top beam, which realizes the pose characterization of the rear top beam of the support under any working condition; The motion characteristics of the bottom-discharge conveyor of the filling support under various working condition factors were analyzed, and the orthogonal pose control index was established: the vertical distance and horizontal distance of the top beam of the bottom-discharge conveyor, which realized the pose characterization of the bottom-discharge conveyor under any working condition; Based on the pose control index of the rear top beam and the bottom-discharge conveyor, the landing position characterization index of the filling material on the coal seam floor during the discharge process is further obtained: the discharge center distance, which realizes the landing position characterization of the filling material under any working condition; the connection relationship and easy interference position of the mechanism action and pose adjustment in each stage of the filling operation process are analyzed, based on the orthogonal pose control index, the interference critical control equation of the discharge and typical collision position under any working condition is established by using the projection method; taking the tamping mechanism rotation angle and tamping cylinder stroke as the characterization of the interference critical curve under typical working conditions, it is proposed to use the three-zone distribution characteristics of “interference zone, easy interference zone, and non-interference zone” to characterize the interference critical degree, and give the demodulation path of each interference state; based on the interference critical control equation, interference three-zone distribution characteristics and the connection relationship of mechanism action and pose adjustment in the filling operation process, an interference state autonomous identification method is proposed: using angle sensor and stroke sensor to obtain the real-time rotation angle and stroke of the tamping mechanism, substituting into the interference critical equation of each easy interference position to obtain the theoretical value and interference critical curve of the tamping mechanism rotation angle or stroke in that position, judging the position of the actual value on the interference critical curve three-zone distribution diagram can realize the autonomous discrimination of interference position and state, and autonomous demodulation can be realized according to the interference three-zone distribution curve diagram; based on the interference position and interference state autonomous identification method, the interference autonomous discrimination and demodulation algorithm is designed. The research results provide new reference indicators for the pose characterization of the filling hydraulic support mechanism, provide basic criteria for the intelligent obstacle avoidance and demodulation of mechanism interference, and provide algorithm basis for the self-driven execution of the filling operation of solid intelligent filling