Operative and Nonoperative Management of Blunt Liver Injuries

Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to discuss the indications for operative and nonoperative management in patients with blunt liver injuries. Recent Findings Over the past several years, research has begun to show that nonoperative management in blunt liver injuries is feasible and has favorable outcomes over immediate operations in patients who are hemodynamically stable. This includes high-grade injuries who were previously taken to the operating room, in the absence of peritoneal signs or instability, for washout and packing. This trend in management is likely multifactorial and includes improved quality of critical care medicine, advances in imaging to accurately define the injury and trend changes, and other interventional techniques such as embolization, percutaneous drainage and endoscopy. The mainstay of treatment for hemodynamically unstable patients remains operative. Summary This article will provide current recommendations for operative and nonoperative management strategies in patients with blunt liver injuries, taking into account initial clinical picture and resources available

"Amor de don Perlimplín con Belisa en su jardín": una obra teatral satírica

The satirical component is a constant in the theatre of Federico García Lorca, in which coexist, to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the work involved, the comic and serious, both aspects inherent to satire. This combination, as well as the undeniable critical aspect inherent in Lorca‘s work, identifies this author with the figure of satiric. García Lorca performs his critical making use of humor, which ranges from the purely humorous to black humor, and is manifested by employing traditional techniques of satire, with the same purpose as the satiric: to degrade to the object of attack provoking smile or revulsion. This article discusses about Love of don Perlimplín and Belisa in his garden, identifying the object of attack of Lorca‘s satire in this work and the satirical techniques used by its author.El componente satírico es una constante en el teatro de Federico García Lorca, en el que coexisten, en mayor o menor medida, dependiendo de la obra en cuestión, lo cómico y lo serio, ambas vertientes intrínsecas a la sátira. Dicha combinación, así como el innegable aspecto crítico, inherente a la obra lorquiana, identifican a este autor con la figura del satírico. García Lorca lleva a cabo su crítica sirviéndose del humor, que oscila entre lo puramente jocoso y el humor negro, y se manifiesta mediante el empleo de técnicas tradicionales de la sátira, con idéntico propósito al del satírico: degradar a su objeto de ataque suscitando sonrisa o repulsa. Este artículo analiza en clave de sátira Amor de don Perlimplín con Belisa en su jardín, identificando el objeto de ataque de la sátira lorquiana en esta obra y las técnicas satíricas empleadas por su autor

Metodología para el desarrollo endógeno del sudoeste bonaerense

Frente a las escasas referencias a procesos planificados de desarrollo regional endógeno participativo(definiendo región como un conjunto de municipios vecinos), se propone estudiar la problemática que se presenta a escala real. A partir de este diagnóstico, se buscarán soluciones que permitan la realización de dichas actividades, y se aplicarán al caso particular del sudoeste bonaerense (508). El objetivo central de este trabajo es el diseño en detalle de una metodología participativa y endógena,capaz de promover un proceso estratégico de desarrollo regional sostenible. En el camino, también se buscará generar aportes originales en un tema de gran importancia y poco desarrollado al presente. Además se espera alcanzar sobre el territorio algún grado de implementación de la misma, aplicándola inicialmente al SOB.Área: Ciencias Sociales y Humana

Probability of Survival of New Manufacturing Plants: the case of Chile

This paper studies the probability of survival of the manufacturing plants that start producing in Chile in the period 1979-1999 using a proportional hazards model. Opposing previous empirical international evidence, the survival diminishes with age, initial size, and with the rate of growth of the plant. It also diminishes with the regional unemployment rate. Comparing companies by size, the rate of risk of death of small and medium businesses is 20.3% greater than large companies, but more interesting, this rate is unaffected by the public subsidies received by the smaller ones, after controlling simultaneously with other explanatory variables. Using four different samples from the same data, the consequences of applying different criteria that validate and/or eliminate inconsistent data are studied, obtaining significant differences in the resulting coefficientsChilean manufacturing; Entry; Survival; Duration

Analytical solution to DGLAP integro-differential equation in a simple toy-model with a fixed gauge coupling

We consider a simple model for QCD dynamics in which DGLAP integro-differential equation may be solved analytically. This is a gauge model which possesses dominant evolution of gauge boson (gluon) distribution and in which the gauge coupling does not run. This may be ${\cal N} =4$ supersymmetric gauge theory with softly broken supersymmetry, other finite supersymmetric gauge theory with lower level of supersymmetry, or topological Chern-Simons field theories. We maintain only one term in the splitting function of unintegrated gluon distribution and solve DGLAP analytically for this simplified splitting function. The solution is found by use of the Cauchy integral formula. The solution restricts form of the unintegrated gluon distribution as function of transfer momentum and of Bjorken $x$. Then we consider an almost realistic splitting function of unintegrated gluon distribution as an input to DGLAP equation and solve it by the same method which we have developed to solve DGLAP equation for the toy-model. We study a result obtained for the realistic gluon distribution and find a singular Bessel-like behaviour in the vicinity of the point $x=0$ and a smooth behaviour in the vicinity of the point $x=1.$Comment: 25 page

Antarctica on the International Court of Justice: 60 year after the cases Union Kingdom v. Chile and Union Kingdom v. Argentina

Se analizan las demandas respecto a la soberanía sobre la Antártica presentadas por el Reino Unido ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia contra Chile y contra Argentina en 1955. Se revisan también los documentos emitidos durante la tramitación de estas causas. Los Estados demandados no estuvieron dispuestos a otorgar competencia a la Corte, motivo por el cual ambas causas fueron en definitiva retiradas de la lista sin que se resolviera sobre el fondo de la disputa. No obstante ello, parece relevante considerar estos casos para conocer los fundamentos en que los Estados implicados, y en especial el Reino Unido, basan su soberanía antártica, así como para comprender que, en definitiva, la actitud de Chile y Argentina colaboró en el proceso que culminaría pocos años más tarde con la firma del Tratado Antártico.The applications presented in relation with the sovereignty over the Antarctica by the United Kingdom on International Court of Justice against Chile and against Argentina in 1955 are analyzed. The documents delivered during the process are also revised. The defendants States were not prepared to accept the Court jurisdiction; therefore both causes were definitely retired from the list without resolve about the dispute. Nevertheless, it seems relevant to consider these cases to know the grounds on which the implicated States and specially the United Kingdom support their Antarctic sovereignty and also to understand that at the end the Chilean and Argentinian attitude helped on the process that will finish few years later with the signature of the Antarctic Treaty