When Migrant Remittances Are Not Everlasting, How Can Morocco Make Up?

In this paper, I run a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Moroccan economy to investigate the transmission channels through which remittances affect households and sectors. I give a particular attention to the investment of remittances in the real estate sector, by allowing a segmentation of the savings market. To begin with, I assess the negative impact of immigration restrictive policies and permanent migration on the future evolution of remittances. Then I ask what would be the appropriate policies to take the maximum profit from current flows. It turns out that channelling investment from real estate to productive sectors is unexpectedly harmful in terms of growth and welfare. Positive effects stem only from government ability to attract investors through an improvement in the country risk premium, and private efforts to reduce international transfer costs.Sequential Dynamics; Computable General Equilibrium Model; Migration; Remittances.

When Migrant Remittances Are Not Everlasting, How Can Morocco Make Up ?

In this paper, I run a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Moroccan economy to investigate the transmission channels through which remittances affect households and sectors. I give a particular attention to the investment of remittances in the real estate sector, by allowing a segmentation of the savings market. To begin with, I assess the negative impact of immigration restrictive policies and permanent migration on the future evolution of remittances. Then I ask what would be the appropriate policies to take the maximum profit from current flows. It turns out that channelling investment from real estate to productive sectors is unexpectedly harmful in terms of growth and welfare. Positive effects stem only from government ability to attract investors through an improvement in the country risk premium, and private efforts to reduce international transfer costs.Sequential dynamics, computable general equilibrium model, migration, remittances.

Integrated Marketing Services as an Approach to Sustainable Horticultural Development in NWFP, Pakistan

Farm Management, Marketing,

The Bochner formula for Riemannian flows

In this paper, we consider a Riemannian manifold (M, g) endowed with a Riemannian flow and we study the curvature term in the Bochner-Weitzenb{\"o}ck formula of the basic Laplacian on M. We prove that this term splits into two parts. The first part depends mainly on the curvature operator of the underlying manifold M and the second part is expressed in terms of the O'Neill tensor of the flow. After getting a lower bound for this term, depending on these two parts, we establish an eigenvalue estimate of the basic Laplacian on basic forms. We then discuss the limiting case of the estimate and prove that when equality occurs, the manifold M is a local product. This paper follows mainly the approach in [21]

Migration Impact on Moroccan Unemployment : a Static Computable General Equilibrium Analysis

Recently, much research interest is directed towards the impact of migration on the sending country. However, we think that this literature does not successfully analyse the effects of migration on unemployment and wage rates especially in urban areas. It studies the effect of one king of migration flow, mainly international migration, on labour market in the country of origin and shows that international migration is able to reduce the unemployment rate and/or raise the wage rates. However, it is common to find labour markets affected simultaneously by inflows and outflows of workers. Using a detailed CGE model applied to the Moroccan economy, we show that if we take simultaneously into account Moroccan emigration to the European Union, immigration from Sub-Saharan Africa into Moroccan urban areas and rural-urban migration, the impact on Moroccan urban labour market disaggregated by professional categories is ambiguous.Imperfect labor market, migration, computable general equilibrium model.

Democratic Institutions and Variability of Economic Growth in Pakistan: Some Evidence from the Time-series Analysis

This paper explores the empirical association between democracy and per capita output growth in Pakistan using data for the period 1947 to 2006. The findings of the paper indicate a weak negative association between democracy and output growth. Consistent with some current empirical literature, democracy is also found to influence output growth indirectly. The empirical results are robust to different democracy variables and output growth equation specifications. The empirical findings also highlight the role of other variables in determining output growth and, except for rising oil prices, show its positive linkage to physical and human capital, government consumption, openness of trade practices and inflation.Democracy, Growth, Time-series

Isolation of Local Lipolytic Isolate from Domestic Compost

Screening of lipolytic bacteria from domestic compost resulting an isolate namely AL17. Morphological analysis shows that the isolates were rod shape and belong to negative gram bacteria. The 16S rRNAs genes of the bacteria have been sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates were close to genus Pseudoxanthomonas. The enzyme production was synchronized with bacterial growth and reached a maximum level during the late-stationary phase. The optimum pH and temperature of enzyme activity were at pH 9.0 and 60°C.The isolate also showed alcohol tolerance in medium containing 3% and 5% methanol. The ability of bacterial cells to tolerate methanol is an important cell characteristic that determines their use as a biocatalyst in transesterification and other industrial process