From Goddess to Prophet: 2000 Years of Continuity on the Mountain of Aaron near Petra, Jordan

The Mountain of Aaron (Jabal Haroun) near the ancient city of Petra, Jordan, is the traditional burial place of the Old Testament prophet and a site considered sacred by the three world religions of Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Since 1997, a Finnish archaelological project has been investigating the mountain through the excavations of a Byzantine pilgramage complex on its high plateau and an intensive survey of its surroundings. In the course of the excavations, it has become clear that the Byzantine structures were preceded by a monumental building, probably a temple of the Nabataean-Roman period. Moreover, already in the pre-Christian period a pilgrim route probablty led from central Petra to Jabal Haroun. The article explores the history and archaeology of Jabal Haroun, which shows a remarkable degree of continuity and opens up the prospect that the local folk tradition may preserve elements of Nabataean religion. Using contemporary rituals and beliefs associated with the mountain as a reference point, we suggest that the pre-Christian 'deity of Jabal Haroun' can be identified as the Nabataean goddess al-'Uzza

The Roman Military Camp in ancient Hegra

Peer reviewe

Étude des mouvements de pensée collective lors des ateliers philosophiques au primaire et au collège : Extraction de philosophèmes en tant que structures formelles de raisonnement

Forty years after invention of philosophy for children (P4) by Mathiew Lipman, the question of effects of those workshops on children still remains present. Characterising of reflexive thought’s movements is a key factor while we are interested about measuring the efficiency of P4C on children. This dissertation has a part in extending the study of linguistics data issued from P4C workshops and makes available a quantity of results issued from this analysis. The work is grounded on double set of data issued from primary schools and secondary schools in France. The results are on triple level. Firstly, we characterised the reflexive phenomenon during P4C that we called philosophemes. We leaned on the formal language marks to highlight the dynamic process of collective thinking. This work, conducted with linguistic annotator ELAN, was possible by elaboration of specific and unique methodology. Secondly, we elaborated the results for a possible use by teachers, which concern the factors (pupils’ school level, age, etc.) that influence the thinking during P4C workshops. Finally, in the third part of work, we described the elaboration of internet platform Philosophemes when our results and corpora are available for the scientific and scholar communities.Quarante ans après l’apparition des ateliers philosophiques en classe (DVP), se pose toujours la question de la valeur effective et des retombées de ces pratiques sur les apprentissages et la socialisation. Le repérage et la caractérisation des mouvements de pensée réflexive est une question clé lorsqu’on s’intéresse à mesurer l’efficience de ces pratiques. La thèse contribue à étendre et approfondir l’étude des données langagières pour mettre à disposition de la communauté scientifique des résultats inédits concernant ces dialogues d’un genre nouveau. Le travail s’appuie sur une double collecte de données : au primaire et au collège. Les résultats de thèse sont disposés sur un triple niveau. Premièrement, nous avons pu caractériser les phénomènes de réflexivité en décrivant les philosophèmes, en prenant appui sur des marques formelles en langue pour rendre compte du processus dynamique de la pensée collective. Ce travail effectué à l’aide du logiciel de transcription et d’annotation linguistique ELAN a été possible grâce à l’élaboration d’une méthodologie inédite. Deuxièmement, nous avons élaboré des résultats didactiques ou nous avons dégagé quelques facteurs (niveau scolaire, âge, etc.) qui favorisent la réflexivité en classe et son développement chez l’enfant et qui sont particulièrement actifs et/ ou significatifs au sein de ces discussions. Finalement, dans la troisième partie, nous décrivons la mise en ligne du corpus du genre « discussion à visée philosophique » pour qu’ils servent de corpus de référence pour la communauté en sciences humaines, sur une plateforme spécialement conçue à cet effet : Philosophèmes

Analysis of selected Polish as a foreign language course books in the context of the education of seniors

The main aim of the article is to direct attention towards the specific educational needs of elderly people who are learning a foreign language. One of the main points of this paper is to describe seniors and present biological, psychological, cultural and social factors that affect their SLA (Second Language Acquisition) process. Course books used for the process of learning Polish as a foreign language have also been analyzed on the basis of their usefulness for seniors. The analysis of the course books was conducted on the basis of specially prepared criteria for the evaluation of language teaching materials

Report on the Fourth Excavation Season (2011) of the Madâ'in Sâlih Archaeological Project

This volume is the report on the results of the fourth excavation season of the Saudi-French Archaeological Project at Madâ'in Sâlih, ancient Hegra in the Nabataean kingdom, in north-west Saudi Arabia (MAEE, SCTA, CNRS, Univ Paris 1, IFPO). Apart from the results obtained in the different excavation areas (both in the residential area and in tomb IGN 117), the reader will find a study on the cairns/tumuli of the site (W. Abu-Azizeh) as well as intermediary reports on the geophysical detection (Chr. Benech), the fauna (J. Studer) and the pottery (C. Durand).Ce volume constitue le rapport sur les résultats de la quatrième campagne de fouilles de la mission archéologique franco-saoudienne de Madâ'in Sâlih, l'ancienne Hégra des Nabatéens, dans le nord-ouest de l'Arabie Saoudite (MAEE, SCTA, CNRS, Univ. Paris 1, IFPO). Outre les résultats obtenus dans les différents chantiers (dans la zone résidentielle et dans le tombeau IGN 117), le lecteur trouvera une étude synthétique sur les cairns/tumuli du site (W. Abu-Azizeh) ainsi que des rapports intermédiaires sur la détection géophysique (Chr. Benech), la faune (J. Studer) et la céramique (C. Durand)

The al-ʿUlā–al-Wajh Survey Project : The 2013 Reconnaissance Season

Peer reviewe

Is treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin therapy, metabolic control) optimal for preventing cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy?

Introduction: Long-term poor metabolic control promotes the occurrence of microvascular complications, such as cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and atherogenic hyperlipidaemia, which translates into increased mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of CAN in patients with T1DM in relation to treatment method (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII, versus multiple daily injections using pens, MDI) and metabolic control. Material and methods: The study group comprised 93 adults (60 women, 33 men), mean age 31 years, with T1DM being treated at a local clinical centre from 2011 to 2015. The presence of CAN, the results of laboratory tests, and anthropometric data were analysed. The subjects were divided into two groups according to treatment method (CSII, MDI). Results: The median duration of diabetes was 16 years. 61% of the subjects used MDI and 39% used CSII. 41% of the subjects presented with CAN (confirmed with the Ewing test using ProSciCard apparatus), with a significantly lower prevalence in the group of patients treated with CSII (15.4% vs. 60.4%; p < 0.001). The mean HbA1c level in the CSII-treated group was noticeably lower (7.44 ± 1.67% vs. 8.55 ± 1.1%, p < 0.001), and these patients also had lower triglyceride levels (0.71 vs. 1.32 mmol/L, p < 0.001). Regardless of the treatment method, 72% of all patients under 40 years of age achieved their therapeutic target of LDL cholesterol level < 2.6 mmol/L, whereas only 13% of all those over 40 years old achieved an LDL cholesterol level < 1.8 mmol/L. Conclusions: The presented results draw attention to the high prevalence of CAN among T1DM patients. The study reveals the need for more intensive monitoring and treatment of hyperlipidaemia, despite good glycaemic control, especially in those over the age of 40 years.