Harta dalam Pemanfaatan Filantropi Islam

Treasure is a fundamental component in human life, aspects of dharuriyyah that can not be left behind and put aside. With such property man can meet the needs and desires, both material and immaterial. In order to fulfill those needs then there is a process of relationship of interests and needs among human beings who are human beings can not live alone, but need each other. In this context, property as an object in various transactions, such as buying and selling, ijara, rahn, musharaka, and other muamalah akad, until the status of property belongs to someone. etymologically al-maal is defined as anything that can bring peace, comfort in the form of material/physical and in the form of benefits, serrta can be fully owned by the way kasab (effort). Islam as a religion that syumul his teachings have set human life in get it, use it to be useful for self, family, and community

Apport des isotopes de la molécule d'eau à la détermination de l'altitude de recharge des principales sources du Moyen Atlas calcaire (Maroc).

International audienceLa présente étude est menée au Maroc sur le Moyen Atlas calcaire à caractère karstique. Son objectif est de contribuer à la caractérisation des aquifères moyens atlasique et à la détermination des altitudes de recharge des principales sources issues des calcaires dolomitiques liasiques afin d'aider à la détermination de leurs zones d'alimentation pour leur protection. La méthodologie utilisée est basée sur l'utilisation des isotopes stables de la molécule d'eau. La caractérisation chimique des eaux de ces sources montre que leur composition est le reflet de celle des roches-réservoirs qu'elles drainent d'une part et de l'évolution qu'elles subissent au cours de leur transit au sein de ces réservoirs d'autre part. L'analyse de l'évolution du deutérium en fonction de l'oxygène 18 permet de tracer une droite locale similaire à celle des pluies analysées au sein de la station de Fès, ce qui montre que les aquifères concernés se rechargent par une infiltration rapide, sans évaporation notable des eaux de pluie. Le gradient altimétrique pour l'oxygène 18 est établi à -0.27‰ par 100m. L'application de ce gradient aux teneurs isotopiques des autres sources analysées permet de remonter aux altitudes de recharge de ces sources. La confrontation de ces résultats aux données hydrogéologiques locales et régionales montre une concordance notable pour les sources dont les bassins versants étaient connus, et une orientation précieuse pour les sources dont les bassins étaient mal connus, avec des altitudes de recharge qui peuvent être 1090m plus élevées que les zones d'émergence. Ces résultats aident d'une manière certaine à déterminer les zones de recharge des sources, et donc à définir une stratégie de protection de cette ressource. The present study contributes to the characterisation of Middle Atlas limestone karst aquifers by implementing water stable isotopic techniques to determine the recharge altitudes of major springs issuing from Liassic dolomitic limestone, helping to delineate protection areas for the springs. Chemical analyses of spring waters show a composition that reflects both reservoir lithology and a chemical evolution over the course of flow within the reservoir. Analysis of the evolution of deuterium as a function of oxygen-18 suggests a local water line similar to that derived for rainwater at a station in Fez, indicating that the aquifers in question are recharged through rapid infiltration, without appreciable evaporation of the rainwater. Application of the established -0.27‰ per 100m altimetric gradient for oxygen 18 to the isotopic signatures of other analyzed sources allows us to backtrack recharge altitudes for these springs. Comparison of these results with local and regional hydrogeologic data shows a notable agreement among springs for which the drainage basin is known, and allows for more precise localization of springs for which the drainage basin is poorly known, with recharge altitudes reaching 1090m higher than emergence zones. To a certain extent, these results help to determine recharge zones for Middle Atlas springs and thus aid in strategizing protection for this resource

MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) outside the Arabian Peninsula an One Health approach: Understanding the role of wildlife, livestock and human in the virus dynamic

One of the big paradoxes of the MERS-CoV epidemiology is the apparent lack of human cases in large parts Africa where the virus and an animal host, the dromedary camel, are present. Understanding the differences between Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (where MERS-CoV is now endemic) would provide crucial understanding on how to reduce zoonotic infection. We set up field protocols for estimating (i) the prevalence of MERS-CoV infection in camel populations and other sensitive species outside Arabian Peninsula, (ii) the 'at risk' farming practices that facilitate transmission between camels, (iii) infection variation pattern in both camels and humans. The first project phase consisted in a descriptive serological and virological mapping of MERS-CoV in Africa and central Asia in camel populations (i.e. dromedary and Bactrian).The second project phase consists in a longitudinal epidemiological monitoring (monthly time step) in camel populations from Morocco and Ethiopia (blood, swabs, urine, milk); complemented by a questionnaire based survey of camel owners' practices. Finally, in parallel a cross-sectional sero-prevalence survey in human, particularly camel owners and animal workers in abattoirs is conducted by the Institut Pasteur in Morocco. A cross-sectional sero-prevalence survey is e also conducted on bats in houses and 'oasis' close to farms in Ethiopia. Addressing these questions is crucial for developing recommendations for animal and human health institutions and countries

MANAJEMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP MUHAMMAD ROSULULLAH SAW (DALAM MEMBANGUN JIWA WIRAUSAHA SEJAK DINI HINGGA DEWASA)

Childhood experiences can lead to encouragement and critical style, willingness to try, discipline, and so on, which will help a person to develop self-confidence and the desire to provide the best achievement to adulthood. The Prophet Muhammad was a prophet who had to prove to the community in this earth. He is an entrepreneur (entreprenuer) true, and a plunge in business or entrepreneurship (entrpreneurship) at the age of 12 years and started his own business when the age of 17 years. Work as traders continued to do until late, he received a revelation (aged approximately 37 years). That fact confirms that Muhammad had to pursue the world of business for about 25 ears longer than his apostolic period that lasted about 23 years

Functionalization of Pyrene To Prepare Luminescent Materials—Typical Examples of Synthetic Methodology

Pyrene-based π-conjugated materials are considered to be an ideal organic electro-luminescence material for application in semiconductor devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and so forth. However, the great drawback of employing pyrene as an organic luminescence material is the formation of excimer emission, which quenches the efficiency at high concentration or in the solid-state. Thus, in order to obtain highly efficient optical devices, scientists have devoted much effort to tuning the structure of pyrene derivatives in order to realize exploitable properties by employing two strategies, 1) introducing a variety of moieties at the pyrene core, and 2) exploring effective and convenient synthetic strategies to functionalize the pyrene core. Over the past decades, our group has mainly focused on synthetic methodologies for functionalization of the pyrene core; we have found that formylation/acetylation or bromination of pyrene can selectly lead to functionalization at K-region by Lewis acid catalysis. Herein, this Minireview highlights the direct synthetic approaches (such as formylation, bromination, oxidation, and de-tert-butylation reactions, etc.) to functionalize the pyrene in order to advance research on luminescent materials for organic electronic applications. Further, this article demonstrates that the future direction of pyrene chemistry is asymmetric functionalization of pyrene for organic semiconductor applications and highlights some of the classical asymmetric pyrenes, as well as the latest breakthroughs. In addition, the photophysical properties of pyrene-based molecules are briefly reviewed. To give a current overview of the development of pyrene chemistry, the review selectively covers some of the latest reports and concepts from the period covering late 2011 to the present day

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Modified with Carbon Quantum Nanodots for the Stabilization of Palladium Nanoparticles: An Efficient Catalyst for the Suzuki Reaction in Aqueous Media under Mild Conditions

Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with carbon dots (C-dots) that contain carboxylic acid and hydroxyl groups were synthesized successfully and used for the reduction of PdII and the formation of Pd NPs. The new material was characterized by SEM, TEM, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, solid UV spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, XRD, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and was used as a very efficient catalyst in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of aryl bromides and chlorides with arylboronic acids in aqueous media. Design of experiments indicates that the use of 0.22 mol % of Pd, K2CO3 as the base, and aqueous ethanol are the best reaction conditions. The reactions of aryl bromides take place at room temperature, and aryl chlorides react at 80 °C. The easily synthesized and air-stable catalyst Pd@C-dots@Fe3O4 NPs could be separated from the reaction mixture by using an external magnet and reused in eight consecutive runs with no significant loss of catalytic activity.The authors are grateful to the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) and the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF-Grant number of 94010666) for support of this work. C.N. is grateful to the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) (projects CTQ2013-43446-P and CTQ2014-51912-REDC), FEDER, the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/017), and the University of Alicante for financial support