Desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick cultivadas em recipientes

Butia odorata (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick (butiazeiro) é uma palmeira nativa do sul do Brasil, com grande demanda para usos ornamental e agroindustrial. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de butiazeiro, em recipientes com diferentes composições de substratos. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação sem controle de temperatura e umidade. Foram utilizadas mudas com 60 dias após a germinação, e avaliados os substratos, em cinco proporções, dos componentes casca de arroz carbonizada e casca de pinus. Em etapa posterior, monitorou-se o efeito do pH do substrato no desenvolvimento das mudas mantidas nos mesmos recipientes e tratamentos. Para tanto, as plantas foram distribuídas em igual número e representação dos tratamentos, em quatro grupos, com quatro níveis de pH do substrato (4,0; 4,9; 5,8 e 6,7). Noventa dias após o início da primeira etapa, e 161 dias após o início da segunda, foram avaliados o desenvolvimento das plantas, a condutividade elétrica e o pH dos substratos. Na primeira etapa, constatou-se diferença entre os tratamentos somente para altura das plantas e pH do substrato, ambas relacionadas diretamente com a proporção de casca de pinus na formulação. Na segunda etapa, a composição do substrato foi determinante para o maior desenvolvimento das mudas. Somente o número de folhas não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. Contudo, para todas as variáveis, a presença de casca de pinus, mesmo em baixa proporção, foi suficiente para favorecer o desenvolvimento vegetativo

Thermal behavior and chromatographic characterization of oil extracted from the nut of the Butia (Butia capitata)

The Butia capitata (Arecaceae family) is a palm that can reach approximately from 3 feet up to 5 feet tall and is commonly found in southern Brazil. This palm produces bunches of fruit with a diameter of about 2 cm which has an acid taste and is enjoyed by many people and also wild animals such as rodents and birds. The aim of this study was to extract the oil present in butia nuts and evaluate its composition and thermal behavior. The oil was characterized by chromatography and its thermal behavior by thermogravimetry (TG) in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres under different heating rates. The chromatographic profile of this oil reveals a predominance of saturated fatty acids. The analysis performed by thermogravimetry indicates that under oxygen atmosphere, this oil showed mass gain before the onset temperature of thermal decomposition. In nitrogen, only one mass loss was observed. The kinetic behavior showed the relationship between the uses of two sample masses, indicating the same kinetic behavior under oxygen analysis

Current perspectives on nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Of the ~129,079 new cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 72,987 associated deaths estimated for 2018, the majority will be geographically localized to South East Asia, and likely to show an upward trend annually. It is thought that disparities in dietary habits, lifestyle, and exposures to harmful environmental factors are likely the root cause of NPC incidence rates to differ geographically. Genetic differences due to ethnicity and the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are likely contributing factors. Pertinently, NPC is associated with poor prognosis which is largely attributed to lack of awareness of the salient symptoms of NPC. These include nose hemorrhage and headaches and coupled with detection and the limited therapeutic options. Treatment options include radiotherapy or chemotherapy or combination of both. Surgical excision is generally the last option considered for advanced and metastatic disease, given the close proximity of nasopharynx to brain stem cell area, major blood vessels, and nerves. To improve outcome of NPC patients, novel cellular and in vivo systems are needed to allow an understanding of the underling molecular events causal for NPC pathogenesis and for identifying novel therapeutic targets and effective therapies. While challenges and gaps in current NPC research are noted, some advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies targeting EBV NPCs are discussed in this chapter, which may offer improvements in outcome of NPC patients