Medicinsko-mehanički institut Dr. Zandera u Opatiji

At the beginning of the 20th century, there were different kinds of medical institutions in the health and seaside spa resort Abbazia (nowadays Opatija). The Opatija Guidebooks (1904-1914) praised the three sanatoriums and Zander’s Medico-Mechanical Institute, which was owned by Dr. Isor Stein. Dr. Zander, who is not well-known today, has been the main topic of the authors’ research. The authors have found out that Dr. Gustav Zander (1835-1920) worked as a teacher of gymnastics, a physician, and a university lecturer about the remedial gymnastics at the University of Stockholm. He constructed several devices which enabled constant and regular movement of individual parts of the human body, as well as certain devices that replaced the manual massage. Zander started his first institute in Stockholm in 1865. People could do exercise using his apparatus. He gained international fame by exhibiting his devices at the International Exhibitions in Brussels and Philadelphia in 1876 and in Paris in 1878. Several Zander’s medico-mechanical institutes were established around the world and they were all named after him. There were two hundred and two Zander’s Institutes in 1911 when his success and fame reached its peak. Zander’s Institute in Opatija was constructed already in 1904 and it was located on the ground floor of Stein’s mansion, known as Vila Stein, nowadays Vila Dora. The First World War changed the fundamental role of Zander’s Institutes and the Great Depression in 1929 destroyed them. It seems the Institute in Opatija closed down at that time too, even thought we have not found out the precise date. The modern fitness studios started to emerge in Europe in the 1950s, a few decades after Zander’s medico-mechanical institutes ceased to exist. Many modern professional fitness devices are basically derived from the apparatus that was recommended, constructed and launched into the society already by Dr. Gustav Zander. The authors of this article presume that it was Dr. Zander who already used the methods of physiotherapy and fitness that are generally used today.Početkom XX. stoljeća u lječilištu i morskom kupalištu Abbazia/Opatija postojale su različite zdravstvene ustanove. Vodiči po Opatiji (1904.–1914.) najviše su reklamirali tri sanatorija i Medicinsko-mehanički institut dr. Zandera, koji je bio u vlasništvu dr. Steina. Autore je zanimalo tko je bio dr. Zander koji je danas široj javnosti nepoznat. Ustanovili smo da je dr. Gustav Zander (1835.–1920.) bio učitelj tjelesnog odgoja, liječnik i sveučilišni predavač za medicinsku gimnastiku na Sveučilište u Stockholmu. Konstruirao je brojne naprave koje su omogućavale stalno i ravnomjerno gibanje (pomicanje/kretanje) pojedinih djelova tijela. Ti su aparati nadomjestili ručnu masažu. Godine 1865. osnovao je u Stockholmu svoj prvi institut u kojem su ljudi vježbali na njegovim aparatima. Svoje je naprave predstavio na svjetskim izložbama u Philadelphiji (1876.) i Parizu (1878.), što mu je donijelo svjetski ugled. Po svijetu su počeli nastajati tzv. mediko-mehanički instituti s njegovim imenom. Godine 1911., u doba najvećega procvata, u svijetu su djelovala 202 Zandereva instituta. Opatija je već 1904. dobila Zanderev institut u prizemlju Vile Stein, danas Vila Dora. Prvi svjetski rat promijenio je namjenu Zanderevih instituta, a velika gospodarska kriza 1929. ih je uništila. Čini se da je i u Opatiji u to doba Zanderev institut prestao s djelovanjem – točan datum prestanka rada nije bilo moguće ustanoviti. U pedesetim godinama XX. stoljeća, dakle nekoliko desetljeća nakon prestanka djelovanja Zanderevih medicinsko-mehaničkih instituta, počeli su nastajati fitness-studiji. U velikoj mjeri koriste se modernizirane aparature koje je konstruirao i uveo u praksu već dr. Gustav Zander. Autori zakljućuju da je već dr. Zander upotrebljavao metode fizioterapije i fitnessa, koje se upotrebljavaju još i danas

Solo vs. duet in different virtual rooms: On the consistency of singing quality across conditions

Previous research on vocal pitch accuracy revealed insights into the fundamentals of singing. However, most of the research on singing focused on the analysis of single voices, whereas few aYempts have been made to tackle the challenge of analyzing mulTtrack recordings of singing ensembles. In addiTon, singers have to adjust their way of singing with respect to a given venue’s acousTcal environment (e.g., small room vs. a comparaTvely large space like a church). If it is common that musical performances are greatly influenced by room acousTcs, studies on the effects of room acousTcal features during ensemble singing are rare. In order to invesTgate singing performances across various condiTons, we manipulated the singing condiTon (unison, canon, solo) as well as the acousTcal feedback by applying diverging virtual rooms. Three duets with female singers (N = 6) were asked to sing three different melodies using headset microphones to record each singer separately. Recordings took place in the communicaTon acousTc simulator (CAS) at the House of Hearing (Oldenburg, Germany) to be able to provide different simulated acousTcal spaces (i.e., cathedral, classroom, and dry condiTon) to the singers. ObjecTve measures were performed on each recording and confirmed that the singers sang the melodies with high precision (small pitch interval deviaTons) hardly affected by singing condiTons or by the type of acousTcal feedback. However, the singers tended to driH (larger deviaTons of the tonal center) when singing in canon compared to solo and unison singing. Overall, the analysis of the pitch accuracy showed a general effect of condiTon (i.e., unison, canon, solo), but no general effect of acousTcal feedback and no interacTon between the two variables under study

Fokus-Naturtag – Beratungskonzept zur Förderung des Naturschutzbewusstseins und der Naturschutzleistungen landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe

Landwirte spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei dem Versuch den Rückgang der Biodiversität in Agrarlandschaften zu stoppen. Naturschutzberatung versucht deshalb das ökologische Wissen zu verbessern, passende Naturschutzmaßnahmen auf Betriebsebene zu finden und die Motivation der Landwirte zu stärken. Das Konzept des "Fokus-Naturtags" stellt ein Material- und Methodenset zur Durchführung von eintägigen Naturschutzberatungen sowohl für konventionelle als auch Bio-Betriebe zur Verfügung. Die Beratungsergebnisse werden nicht in Form eines Berichtes sondern durch ein Poster oder eine Mappe dokumentiert, die Berater und Landwirt gemeinsam aus extra erstellten Materialien - verschiedenen Aufkleber, mobile Fotodrucker - zusammenstellen. Von der Bioland Beratung und den Projektpartner wurden 80 Fokus-Naturtage durchgeführt. Die Erfahrungen waren überwiegend positiv. Eine interviewgestützte Evaluation ist geplant und soll Auskunft über die tatsächlichen Naturschutzwirkungen auf den Betrieben nach der Beratung geben

Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher S Versorgungszustände auf den N Flächenertrag eines Luzerne-Kleegrasbestandes

Die Untersuchung zeigt den Effekt einer Schwefel-Düngung auf den Ertrag eines Luzerne-Kleegrasbestandes, angebaut auf dem Versuchsbetrieb Gladbacherhof. Die S-Düngung hat einen bis zu 70%igen (90kgN *ha-1) Ertragsanstieg des Gesamtgemenges induziert. Dieser Ertragsanstieg war das Resultat einer höheren N-Konzentration und einem höheren TS-Ertrag der Leguminosen

Vorlag Effekte einer Schwefel- und Phosphor-Düngung auf Futterleguminosen auf einem Schwefel- und Phosphormangelstandort

In this study the effect of sulphate fertilization and rock phosphate fertilization on legumes in a grass clover mixture was investigated on a field under S and P limiting conditions. The results showed that S fertilization resulted in higher yield. Increment of yield came along with higher P uptake, but with decline in P concentration in the shoots. The results suggest that although P might have become a limiting factor, the plants have realized to meet their increased P demand in the case of higher growth rates. became a limiting factor. Independent of S fertilization level rock phosphate application didn’t show any effect

Einfluss von Schwefel- und Stickstoffdüngung auf den Kornertrag von Winterraps in ökologischem Anbau

Die Untersuchung zeigt Effekte von Schwefel- und Stickstoffgaben auf den Kornertrag von Winterraps

Wirkung einer Schwefel- und Gülledüngung auf den Trockensubstanz- und Stickstoffertrag eines Futterleguminosenbestandes

In this study clover-grass was fertilized with 46 kg N per hectare (slurry) in spring or treated with sulphur in form of Mg SO4. The fertilization with slurry showed no effects on dry matter and nitrogen yield whereas fertilization with sulphur affected dry matter and nitrogen yield positively

Inelastic seismic shear in multi-storey cantilever columns

Seismic shear magnification in the columns of multi-storey precast structures entering far into inelastic domain is addressed in the paper. Such structures consist of an assemblage of cantilever columns connected with ties. Considering analogy with cantilever walls, it has been expected that during inelastic response the actual shear forces in multi-storey cantilever columns could be considerably higher than the forces foreseen by traditional equivalent elastic analytical procedures (equivalent lateral force or modal spectrum). A parametric study of a set of realistic three-storey structures/columns was performed. These structures were designed according to Eurocodes and shear forces were determined by the equivalent elastic (modal spectrum) analysis. Average values of the shear forces obtained by the inelastic response analysis were compared to those of the traditional (modal spectrum) procedure. They were also compared to magnified shear forces predicted using the shear magnification factor ε suggested in Eurocode 8 for RC ductile walls. In parallel, modelling issues related to the inelastic response analysis of multi-storey cantilever columns were also discussed. Very large seismic force magnifications (up to 3 times and more) were observed. Therefore it is essential to account for this phenomenon in the seismic (capacity) design of cantilever columns in multi-storey precast buildings. It was demonstrated that for this purpose the expression given in Eurocode 8 to account for seismic shear magnification in ductile cantilever walls could be used with some minor modifications

Wirkung einer Schwefeldüngung zu einem Luzerne-Kleegras-Bestand auf den Kornertrag der Nachfrucht Winterweizen

In this study clover-grass was fertilized with MgSO4 (40 kg S*ha-1 and 80 kg S*ha-1) and CaSO4 (80 kg S*ha-1). The yield of the following crop winter wheat was clearly positive affected by fertilizing sulphur in the clover grass

D.2.4: Recommendations for a common European research agenda

Organic farming is knowledge intensive and in supporting farmers in enhancing their production systems, there is a need to improve how knowledge is shared. This is the overall aim of the OK-Net Arable project. Work Package 2 of the project is concerned with facilitating the testing of practical and educational materials with farmer innovation groups to improve knowledge provision in this sector. The work package adopts an interactive multi-actor approach, bringing together practitioners from regional innovation groups with each other, and with advisers and scientists. The aim of this report is to give a brief overview of the most important topics in organic arable farming for a common European research agenda. It identifies topics and open questions that are related to the main obstacles for increasing and stabilising yields in organic arable farming in Europe that should be considered in a common research agenda. It builds on the farmers’ perspective of knowledge gaps and questions (Cullen et al 2016, D2.1) and the experience from testing knowledge exchange tools with farmers (Bliss et al 2018, D2.2). This is contrasted with the researchers’ perspective from the Ok-Net Arable project on which knowledge is already there and which is still needed (Niggli et al 2016, D3.1). Perspectives from the project partners, the partner countries and national research agendas on approaches that bring together the relevant actors to discuss and shape research agendas were also considered. The ten recommendations for research topics are based on experiences made in the OK-Net Arable project. They include topics related to cropping systems and interactions, weed management, soil fertility and nutrient management and pest and disease control. Not all topics are equally relevant across the whole of Europe and in all areas both fundamental and applied research is needed. The farmers taking part in the OK-Net arable project were interested in a better understanding of the systemic aspects of organic cropping systems as well as in applied solutions to specific problems. There also is a need for further opportunities for knowledge exchange between farmers and farmers and advisors in Europe