Prevention of ship-originated marine pollution and recommendations for the Turkish Straits

Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kamu Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı, Kent ve Çevre Sorunları Bilim DalıKüresel ısınmanın ön plana çıktığı ve etkilerini hissettirmeye başladığı günümüzde gelecek nesillere yaşanabilir bir dünya bırakmak, yaşamak için ihtiyaç duyduğumuz oksijenin büyük kısmını sağlayan denizlerimizi korumak tüm insanlık için önem taşımaktadır. Konunun daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi ve araştırma sonucunda elde edilen verilerin ulusal ve uluslararası çalışmalar kapsamında daha verimli değerlendirilebilmesi için, birinci bölümde denizlerin kirliliğe karşı korunmasının önemi ve deniz kirliliğinin tanımı, kirlilik kaynakları, kirliliğin ekosistem ve canlılar üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri ile gemilerden kaynaklanan kirliliğe neden olan işletimden kaynaklanan rutin ve kaza sonucu kirlenmeler ele alınmaktadır.İkinci bölümde, ilk olarak deniz kirliliğini önlemeye yönelik uluslararası, bölgesel ve ulusal ölçekteki hukuksal düzenlemeler ile deniz kirliliğini önlemeye yönelik uluslararası faaliyetler incelenmektedir. Bu kapsamda Uluslararası Denizcilik Örgütü, Avrupa Birliği, Akdeniz ve Karadeniz Havzası'nda gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar ile bir sivil toplum kuruluşu Greenpeace incelenmektedir.Üçüncü Bölümde deniz kirliliğini önlemeye yönelik ulusal ölçekteki çalışmalardan sorumlu makamların yapıları belirtilmekte, deniz kirliliğini önlemeye yönelik alınan tedbirler, mevcut imkan kabiliyetler ile konuyla ilgili yürütülen projeler ve bir sivil toplum kuruluşu Deniz Temiz Derneği ele alınmaktadır.Üçüncü bölümün son kısmında ise Türk Boğazları'nın önemi vurgulanarak, Türk Boğazları'ndaki deniz kirliliği, meydana gelen gemi kazaları ve deniz kirliliğini önlemeye yönelik alınan tedbirler ile imkan ve kabiliyetler incelenmektedir.Müteakiben araştırma sonuçları değerlendirilerek Türk Boğazları'nda deniz kirliliğine karşı alınabilecek önlemler hakkında görüş ve öneriler sunulmaktadır.In today?s? world, where global warming is an issue of high priority and makes us feel its impacts in our lives, leaving a livable world to the next generations is now a primary goal for all. Protecting our seas which provide 70% of the oxygen we need to live is our common responsibility. In order to better explain the issue and evaluate the data obtained under national and international studies, the first part of this thesis presents the importance and definition of the marine pollution, pollution sources, negative effects of pollution on ecosystem and the routine and accidental pollutions that create ship-originated pollution.The second part reviews the international, regional and national legislations aiming at preventing marine pollution and points out the international efforts for the prevention of marine pollution. Under this scope, efforts of International Maritime Organization, European Union and Mediterranean, Black Sea Basin and Greenpeace as a non-governmental organization are evaluated.The third part reviews the organizational structure of the authorities that are responsible for the activities at the national level in the field of prevention of marine pollution will be highlighted, and the analysis of the measures taken, operations conducted, existing capabilities, the projects under implementation in respect to the issue and Deniz Temiz Association (Clean Sea Association) as a non-governmental organization are evaluated.The third part ends with an emphasis on the significance of the Turkish Straits and analysis of the accidents occurred at the Straits and the measures taken and the existing capabilities and opportunities to prevent pollution which may be generated for any reason.The final part offers an evaluation of the research findings and determination the areas that need improvement, in addition to the comments and recommendations in respect to the measures that may be taken to prevent marine pollution at the Turkish Straits

Novel domain-specific POU3F4 mutations are associated with X-linked deafness: examples from different populations

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the POU3F4 gene cause X-linked deafness type 3 (DFN3), which is characterized by inner ear anomalies. METHODS: Three Turkish, one Ecuadorian, and one Nigerian families were included based on either inner ear anomalies detected in probands or X-linked family histories. Exome sequencing and/or Sanger sequencing were performed in order to identify the causative DNA variants in these families. RESULTS: Four novel, c.707A>C (p.(Glu236Ala)), c.772delG (p.(Glu258ArgfsX30)), c.902C>T (p.(Pro301Leu)), c.987T>C (p.(Ile308Thr)), and one previously reported mutation c.346delG (p.(Ala116ProfsX26)) in POU3F4, were identified. All mutations identified are predicted to affect the POU-specific or POU homeo domains of the protein and co-segregated with deafness in all families. CONCLUSIONS: Expanding the spectrum of POU3F4 mutations in different populations along with their associated phenotypes provides better understanding of their clinical importance and will be helpful in clinical evaluation and counseling of the affected individuals. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0149-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Vascular Calcification in an Adolescent Treated with Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis

The reason of high mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is cardiovascular disease and arterial calcification has been accepted as an additive factor on this status. In this report we described vascular and cardiac valvular calcifications in an adolescent on CAPD

Permanent Central Diabetes Insipidus with Complete Regression of Pituitary Stalk Enlargement After 4 Years of Follow−up

A 14 year−old patient was admitted because of a history of polyuria and polydipsia. A diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) accompanied by growth hormone (GH) and gonadotropin deficiency was made. Hypophyseal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the patient demonstrated isolated pituitary stalk enlargement. Although GH deficiency and gonadotropin deficiency were transient, CDI was persistent despite the regression of the pituitary stalk enlargement over the 4 years of follow−up

Pulmonary tuberculosis with multifocal skeletal involvement

Skeletal tuberculosis accounts for 1-5% of all tuberculosis infections. Of these infections, 50% involve the vertebral column and only 0-5% involve ribs. Rib tuberculosis is seen in only 0.1% of all tuberculosis infections. Skeletal tuberculosis is localised to a single site in 90-95% of reported cases. Multifocal involvement is uncommon and is usually associated with disseminated disease. We present a case of pulmonary tuberculosis associated with multifocal skeletal involvement

Posterior Nutcracker Syndrome Associated with Interrupted Left Inferior Vena Cava with Azygos Continuation and Retroaortic Right Renal Vein

Various anatomic anomalies have been considered the causes of nutcracker syndrome (NCS). Posterior NCS refers to the condition, in which vascular narrowing was secondary to the compression of the retroaortic left renal vein while it is crossing between the aorta and the vertebral column. Here, we report an unusual case of posterior NCS associated with a complicated malformation of the interrupted left inferior vena cava with azygos continuation and retroaortic right renal vein, diagnosed by both color Doppler ultrasonography and CT angiography

Biliary Ascariasis: MR Cholangiography Findings in Two Cases

We describe the imaging features of two cases of biliary ascariasis. Ultrasonography and CT showed no specific abnormal findings, but MR cholangiography clearly demonstrated an intraductal linear filling defect that led to the correct diagnosis. MR cholangiography is thus a useful technique for the diagnosis of biliary ascariasis

An unusual presentation of Wilson's disease in childhood: nodular fatty infiltration in liver

Wilson's disease is a rare inherited disorder characterized by progressive accumulation of copper in the body tissues. Liver and brain are the most commonly involved organs and the disease is presented predominantly by hepatic manifestations in childhood. Histopathological findings of hepatic involvement may vary from steatosis to end stage cirrhosis. Although diffuse fatty infiltration is a typical finding of Wilson's disease, it can very rarely present in nodular pattern. We report the first case with Wilson's disease who presented with nodular fatty infiltration in the liver in childhood

Prediction of degree of carotid stenosis with the transluminal attenuation difference ratio

PURPOSEWe aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of transluminal attenuation difference (TAD) in predicting the severity of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis.METHODSThe study cohort consisted of 48 patients with 70%) stenosis compared with control arteries and low-moderate stenosis. A TAD ratio cutoff of 4.5 predicted 70%–99% stenosis with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 93%. The inter- and intraobserver agreements in TAD measurements were almost perfect (ICC, 0.89–0.86).CONCLUSIONAssessment of TAD ratio predicts the degree of stenosis in concordance with NASCET system