Rising House Prices in an Open Labour Market

In this paper we explore the consequences of the recent steep rise in house prices for the openness of the Irish labour market. Specifically we look at the possible effect rising house prices may have on the migration decision. Since many immigrants are in the household formation age group, and tend to be highly skilled, we argue that the boom in house prices, by reducing the attractiveness of Ireland for potential immigrants, could reduce labour supply. Thus housing emerges as an important infrastructural constraint affecting the labour market. To formulate the role of house prices in the migration decision we use a structural model of the determination of output, labour supply and labour demand in Ireland. We modify the basic model in a number of ways: firstly we endogenise the determination of house prices using structural equations for the demand and supply of housing; secondly we separate out the user cost of housing in the migrant's cost of living index; and thirdly we endogenise the determination of consumer prices. Simulation results suggest that rising house prices, by discouraging potential migrants, could significantly reduce the growth potential of the economy, shifting the balance of labour market growth from employment to wages, with a consequent deterioration in competitiveness. The welfare effects of this differ for different groups; there are unambiguous gains for current home owners while immigrants, first time buyers and those with lower labour market skills are net losers.housing, labour market, migration

Remote control of migration: theorising territoriality, shared coercion, and deterrence

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies on 17 Oct 2019, available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1680115‘Remote control’ has been a radical innovation that projects many aspects of migration and border enforcement beyond a state’s territory. Scholars across multiple disciplines make distinctive and sometimes contradictory claims about the extent to which state control over space and geographic borders is of declining significance. Drawing on a study of remote control policies in the United States, Canada, the EU, and Australia since the 1930s, this paper argues that states push much of their migration control out from their territorial boundaries though a process of extraterritorialisation. However, these liberal states simultaneously ratchet up controls at a finely calibrated border line in a process of hyper-territorialisation. The goal of restricting migrants’ access to territorialised human and civil rights drives both of these manipulations of territoriality. A taxonomy of controls based on the metaphor of an ‘architecture of repulsion’ describes their logic and practice. Many of these practices involve states sharing the legitimate means of coercion over movement in a way that challenges a core assumption about modern states. The degree to which remote control deters unauthorised migration remains a critical research question, but there is more deterrence than found in standard measures of border enforcement efficacy

Household Formation and Tenure Choice. ESRI Research Notes 2014/2/2

In an article in the Spring Commentary we considered the effect of prospective demographic changes on the need for additional dwellings over the coming decade (Duffy et al., 2014). A range of different scenarios were considered suggesting that there was a need for between 19,000 and 33,000 additional dwellings a year. The range of estimates depended on assumptions about migration and headship rates – the proportion of people of a particular age who are the head of an independent household. This note presented evidence that headship rates in Ireland had risen over the last decade but that they are still lower than in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and France. However, as was indicated in the article, the factors driving headship rates were not well defined, which left uncertainty as to how they would move in the future. This note presents evidence from recent research which focuses on the factors driving household formation and tenure choice

Antigenic and biochemical characterization of bovine rotavirus V1005, a new member of rotavirus serotype 10

Bovine rotavirus (BRV) V1005 is serologically distinct from rotavirus serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9. BRV V1005 showed cross-reactions with BRV B223, the American prototype of serotype 10 rotavirus, and with BRV E4049, a British serotype 10 isolate. BRV V1005 was, however, not neutralized by four monoclonal antibodies directed against VP7 of BRV B223. Two-way cross-reactions were observed between BRV V1005 and a reassortant rotavirus containing the VP4 from BRV UK. In addition the major tryptic cleavage product of VP4, VP5*, from BRV V1005 is indistinguishable by peptide mapping and its isoelectric point from the homologous protein of BRV UK, but is clearly different from VP5* of BRV NCDV. The peptide map of VP7 from BRV V1005 differed from that obtained for VP7 of BRV U

Bonding with Self-etching Primers – Pumice or Pre-etch? An \u3cem\u3ein vitro\u3c/em\u3e Study

The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths (SBSs) of orthodontic brackets bonded with self-etching primer (SEP) using different enamel surface preparations. A two-by-two factorial study design was used. Sixty human premolars were harvested, cleaned, and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15 per group). Teeth were bathed in saliva for 48 hours to form a pellicle. Treatments were assigned as follows: group 1 was pumiced for 10 seconds and pre-etched for 5 seconds with 37 per cent phosphoric acid before bonding with SEP (Transbond Plus). Group 2 was pumiced for 10 seconds before bonding. Group 3 was pre-etched for 5 seconds before bonding. Group 4 had no mechanical or chemical preparation before bonding. All teeth were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C before debonding. The SBS values and adhesive remnant index (ARI) score were recorded. The SBS values (±1 SD) for groups 1–4 were 22.9 ± 6.6, 16.1 ± 7.3, 36.2 ± 8.2, and 13.1 ± 10.1 MPa, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance and subsequent contrasts showed statistically significant differences among treatment groups. ARI scores indicated the majority of adhesive remained on the bracket for all four groups. Pre-etching the bonding surface for 5 seconds with 37 per cent phosphoric acid, instead of pumicing, when using SEPs to bond orthodontic brackets, resulted in greater SBSs

Bonding with Self-etching Primers – Pumice or Pre-etch? An \u3cem\u3ein vitro\u3c/em\u3e Study

The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths (SBSs) of orthodontic brackets bonded with self-etching primer (SEP) using different enamel surface preparations. A two-by-two factorial study design was used. Sixty human premolars were harvested, cleaned, and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15 per group). Teeth were bathed in saliva for 48 hours to form a pellicle. Treatments were assigned as follows: group 1 was pumiced for 10 seconds and pre-etched for 5 seconds with 37 per cent phosphoric acid before bonding with SEP (Transbond Plus). Group 2 was pumiced for 10 seconds before bonding. Group 3 was pre-etched for 5 seconds before bonding. Group 4 had no mechanical or chemical preparation before bonding. All teeth were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C before debonding. The SBS values and adhesive remnant index (ARI) score were recorded. The SBS values (±1 SD) for groups 1–4 were 22.9 ± 6.6, 16.1 ± 7.3, 36.2 ± 8.2, and 13.1 ± 10.1 MPa, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance and subsequent contrasts showed statistically significant differences among treatment groups. ARI scores indicated the majority of adhesive remained on the bracket for all four groups. Pre-etching the bonding surface for 5 seconds with 37 per cent phosphoric acid, instead of pumicing, when using SEPs to bond orthodontic brackets, resulted in greater SBSs

Quarterly Economic Commentary, Autumn 2014

The fiscal and economic growth conditions underpinning the 2015 budget have improved quite significantly over the past quarter. In light of the recent trends observed in economic activity, we now revise upwards our growth forecasts for GNP to 4.9 and 5.2 per cent for 2014 and 2015 respectively. This improvement in the forecast is driven by a combination of better than expected performance in the net trade sector, a pick-up in investment levels and strong budgetary receipts. In a research note to the Commentary we highlight how the adoption of the “Nowcasting” methodology enhances our understanding of movements in Irish economic activity between the official release dates of the quarterly national accounts

Quarterly Economic Commentary, Winter 2013

The Irish economy has turned the corner and domestic demand in 2013 is estimated to have grown by 0.9 per cent, the first increase in this aggregate since the crisis began. It is a portent of a stronger recovery in 2014 and 2015. On top of this mild recovery in domestic demand, there is a continuing stimulus to the economy from the export sector, in particular from the growth in exports of services. When taken together these developments mean that GNP is likely to have grown by 2 per cent this year and the current-account surplus is likely to have further increased on the 2012 outturn