Lærerstudenter og læring

Artikkelen beskriver og drøfter et innovasjonsarbeid på Høgskolen i Oslo hvor intensjonen var å bedre studentenes prestasjoner i pedagogikkfaget ved å arbeide med deres motivasjon og læringsstrategier. Det teoretiske grunnlaget for prosjektet er motivasjonsteori (Self Determination Theory). Deltakerne var førsteårsstudenter som selv hadde meldt seg på et tilbud for å jobbe med egen læring. Intervensjonen var gruppeveiledning. Tre pedagogikk- lærere som alle har teoretisk bakgrunn og erfaring med veiledning var veiledere. Dataene som ble samlet inn er både kvalitative og kvantitative. Resultatene er lovende: Analysene viser at de studentene som hadde fått veiledning, gjorde det signifikant bedre til eksamen enn studentene som ikke hadde fått veiledning. De kvalitative dataene kan tyde på at studentene har fått større bevissthet om læringsstrategier og økt motivasjo

Transfer of high-lysine trait to adapted sorghum varieties

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 F58Master of Scienc

Utvikling av lærer-elev-relasjoner i klasserommet : læreroppfatning sammenlignet med en teoribasert analyse

Lærer–elev-relasjonen er viktig for motivasjon og læring, og for atferd i klasse- rommet. Utvikling av en god relasjon har betydning for på sikt å hindre «dropout». Hva karakteriserer så en god lærer-elev-relasjon, og hvordan kan vi bidra til å utvikle den? I denne artikkelen presenteres en kasusstudie hvor lærer arbeider for å fremme god relasjon til elevene gjennom å håndhilse på dem hver morgen. Lærer mener denne strategien er den beste for relasjonsbygging i klasserommet. Vi utfordrer lærers oppfatning ved å sammenligne hva lærer sier og gjør i tre ulike situasjoner: oppstart om morgenen, felles instruksjon og individuell veiledning. Observasjonen er gjennomført med video. Analysen er foretatt i Videograph med kategorier basert på selvbestemmelsesteori, hvor autonomistøtte i kommunikasjon med elevene vurderes som et viktig bidrag til relasjonsutvikling. Resultatene viser at lærer gir god autonomistøtte i både felles instruksjon og individuell veiledning, mens oppstartrutinene domineres av kontroll. Lærers oppfatning av strategivalg får dermed konkurranse gjennom autonomistøtte som alternativ strategi. Selvbestemmelsesteori gir begreper som bevisstgjør og viser en alternativ måte å arbeide med relasjonsbygging inkludert i læringsarbeidet p

Finnes det en medieeffekt på det norske markedet? : en undersøkelse av hvorvidt medieeksponering påvirker aksjekursene på Oslo Børs

Oppgaven tar for seg selskapene på Oslo Børs i perioden 2008-2012 og undersøker hvorvidt det eksisterer en medieeffekt på det norske markedet. Medieeffekten defineres som målbar differanseavkastning mellom selskaper som har henholdsvis høy og lav eksponering i media og er uavhengig av nyhetens relevans, retning og alder. Medieeksponering måles som antall treff i norske papir- og nettaviser. Vi danner lang-kort porteføljer hvor vi kjøper aksjer med høy mediedekning og selger aksjer med lav mediedekning. Videre finner vi at høy mediedekningsgruppe har signifikant høyere avkastning enn lav mediedekningsgruppe i samme måned, og at denne avkastningen ser ut til å reversere i perioden etter målt medieeksponering. Nærmere undersøkelser viser at den positive porteføljeavkastningen ikke kan forklares av markeds- eller størrelsesfaktoren. I undersøkelsen av Oslo Børs kan vi likevel ikke entydig konkludere med at en medieeffekt alene kan forklare den positive porteføljeavkastningen. Oslo Børs er preget av få store selskaper. Disse selskapene hadde en god avkastning i perioden for vår analyse og mye tyder på at den observerte effekten i stor grad også kan tilskrives størrelseseffekt. Når vi foretar undersøkelser på Oslo Børs hvor de 25 største selskapene representert ved OBX-indeksen ekskluderes, øker derimot lang-kort porteføljens avkastning. Dette taler for at observert effekt i det minste delvis skyldes medieeffekt. Signifikansen øker også betraktelig. Det må nevnes at det kan være flere risikofaktorer enn de vi tar hensyn til i oppgaven som kan være med på å forklare porteføljens positive og signifikante avkastning

On the choice of royalty rule to cover fixed costs in input joint ventures

In a model where two competing downstream firms establish an input joint venture (JV), we analyze how different royalty rules for covering fixed costs affect channel profits. Under running royalties (regardless of whether based on predicted or actual output), the downstream firms’ perceived marginal costs are above the true marginal costs since fixed costs are incorporated. We find that tougher competition between the JV partners may actually increase channel profit under such a scheme. We also show that running royalties based on predicted output are outperformed by royalties based on actual output, but that lump-sum financing of the JV is preferable if the competitive pressure is weak

Yield and nutritional quality of nine summer annual forages

Nine summer annual forages were studied to evaluate yield and nutritional quality differences resulting from forage type and cultivar when cut at two stages of maturity. Substantial dry matter yield and quality differences were observed among the six hybrid pearl millets tested. Several hybrid pearl millets gave comparable dry matter yields to the sorghum-sudans at boot and headed stages of growth. Hybrid pearl millets were much higher in crude protein than the hybrid sorghum-sudans and sudangrass. Although yield increased markedly between boot and headed cutting stages, nutritional value declined greatly. Nitrate levels were excessively high in all forages when harvested at the boot stage in July, and several were still above safe levels at the headed stage. Therefore, nitrate and feed quality testing is recommended for safe and efficient utilization of summer annual forages

Social perspective taking is associated with self-reported prosocial behavior and regional cortical thickness across adolescence

Basic perspective taking and mentalising abilities develop in childhood, but recent studies indicate that the use of social perspective taking to guide decisions and actions has a prolonged development that continues throughout adolescence. Here, we aimed to replicate this research and investigate the hypotheses that individual differences in social perspective taking in adolescence are associated with real-life prosocial and antisocial behavior and differences in brain structure. We employed an experimental approach and a large cross-sectional sample (n=293) of participants aged 7-26 years old to assess age-related improvement in social perspective taking usage during performance of a version of the Director task. In subsamples, we then tested how individual differences in social perspective taking were related to self-reported prosocial behavior and peer relationship problems on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (n=184) and to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of regional cortical thickness and surface area (n=226). The pattern of results in the Director task replicated previous findings by demonstrating continued improvement in use of social perspective taking across adolescence. The study also showed that better social perspective taking usage is associated with more self-reported prosocial behavior, as well as to thinner cerebral cortex in regions in the left hemisphere encompassing parts of the caudal middle frontal and precentral gyri and lateral parietal regions. These associations were observed independently of age, and might partly reflect individual developmental variability. The relevance of cortical development was additionally supported by indirect effects of age on social perspective taking usage via cortical thickness

Supportive care for patients with breast cancer by using an interactive app during neoadjuvant chemotherapy : a randomized controlled trial

Background: Patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy are often treated as outpatients and experience several distressing symptoms and concerns over a long period, which must be managed at home. Routine use of patient reported outcomes facilitates communication with the healthcare of what needs the patient may have. To support patients with cancer during treatment, the use of mHealth has shown promising results in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life. Aim: To evaluate how an interactive app for reporting and managing symptoms provides supportive care in patients with breast cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Through the app patients report symptoms daily as well as write free text messages. The reports are monitored and responded to by a contact nurse at the clinic. Further, the patients have access to self-care advice and can view their reported symptoms in graphs. This randomized controlled trial was conducted according to the Medical Research Council’s framework for complex interventions. In Study I, the patients were randomized to an intervention group (n = 74), who used the app during treatment in combination with standard care, and to a control group (n = 75), who received standard care alone. Both groups answered questionnaires regarding symptoms and healthrelated quality of life before start of treatment and two weeks after end of treatment, to evaluate if the intervention had any effects on the patients’ symptoms and health-related quality of life. Study II investigated the patients’ engagement in using the app. Logged data from the patient’s app usage (n = 74) and predictors of usage were analyzed. Telephone interviews were conducted with the patients about how they perceived using the app during treatment. In Study III, face-to-face interviews were conducted three months after end of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with patients from both groups (n = 40) about perceptions of care during treatment with or without using the app. Results: In Study I, patients who used the app during treatment perceived less prevalence of symptoms and symptom distress and better emotional functioning two weeks after end of treatment compared with the patients in the control group. In Study II, the adherence to reporting in the app was 83%. The components included in the app, such as self-care advice and graphs, were used by most of the patients. Higher age predicted fewer free text messages sent. The app was considered easy to use with a relevant content, which facilitated support for symptom management and own monitoring of symptoms as well as having a close, continuous, and interactive contact with the contact nurse. In Study III, results showed that most of the patients, whether they had used the app or not, were satisfied with the care during the treatment. The patients who had used the app perceived it as an added value for support as they were provided easy access to information and communication regarding experienced symptoms with the contact nurse. Moreover, Interaktor facilitated performing self-care by using the self-care advice and promoted own participation in care. Conclusions: This thesis shows that patients with breast cancer can receive supportive care by using an app such as Interaktor during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. By facilitating interaction and communication with the contact nurse, symptoms can be identified and managed in a timely manner as well as enhancing patients’ participation in their own care