Problemstillingar rundt framføring av transkribert musikk - Ei analyse av Bach/Busoni: Chaconne i d-moll

Ei samanlikning og analyse av Busoni sin transkripsjon av Bach sin Chaconne frå partita nr. 2 for solofiolin

Réalité et fiction du temps opératif en psychomécanique

Transformant la structure linguistique en procès et les oppositions en positions dans un continuum, le paramètre du temps opératif fait de la psychomécanique une théorie mentaliste et énonciative.Son revers est que la durée, substrat des opérations mentales, est corvéable à merci. Les guillaumiens tendent à abuser de cette facilité, en y référant des différences de sens qui résultent en fait de la combinatoire discursive : d’où une polysémie généralisée qui viole la fonction sémiologique et alourdit les composantes morphologique et syntaxique. La nécessaire réaction est amorcée.The parameter of operative time which transforms the linguistic structure into a process and the oppositions into positions in a continuum makes of psychomechanics a mentalist and enunciative theory.The drawback is the fact that the duration, substratum of the mental operations, is exploitable ad infinitum. Guillaumians tend to abuse this facility by referring to it differences in meaning which actually are a result of the contextual interplay in discourse. As a consequence, polysemy is generalized, a fact which violates the semiological function and overloads the morphological and syntactical components. The required counter-movement has started

La modélisation psychomécanique des systèmes temporels : le cas du russe

La démarche de la psychomécanique est en principe hypothético-déductive, la théorie prenant son départ à une exigence absolue — un « inévitable » — et procédant déductivement jusqu’à la rencontre avec les faits : Guillaume pose par exemple dans Temps et verbe (1965) que toutes les langues construisent leur systématique verbale à partir d’un présent universel α/ω). Le modèle qu’il élabore pour le russe comme celui de Meney (1974a et b, 1975), bien qu’incompatibles entre eux, acceptent ce postulat qui entraîne des problèmes de cohérence interne et, en bout de course, la non-satisfaction de l’exigence minimale d’adéquation d’observation. L’hypothèse de remplacement que je propose, limitée à l’indicatif, révoque sa division en époques au bénéfice de la combinatoire de deux systèmes aspectuels, l’un lexical, l’autre grammatical. Cette solution, qui range le russe parmi les langues exclusivement aspectuelles, s’impose par sa simplicité, sa cohérence, son accord avec la sémiologie et son efficacité sur le plan empirique.In principle, the process of Psychomechanics is a hypothetico-deductive one. It starts with a basic requirement—an "inevitable"—and proceeds deductively until one arrives at the facts. For example, Guillaume, in Temps et Verbe (1965), states that all languages build their verbal systems from a universal present tense α/ω. His model for Russian, like Meney's (1974a abn b, 1975), is based on this assumption, which creates problems of internal coherence and fails to satisfy the minimum critérium of observational adequacy. I am proposing a replacement hypothesis, limited to the indicative, that rejects the division into periods of time in favour of combining two aspectual systems, one lexical, the other grammatical. This solution, which aligns Russian with exclusively aspectual languages, commends itself because it is simple, coherent, empirically efficient and in conformity with semiology

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Graphical statistics to explore the natural and anthropogenic processes influencing the inorganic quality of drinking water, ground water and surface water

Plots of cumulative distribution functions (CDF) are a simple but powerful exploratory data analysis (EDA) tool to evaluate and compare statistical data distributions. Here, empirical CDF plots are used to compare results of four large (476 to 884 samples) national- to continental-scale inorganic water chemistry data sets: (1) European surface water, (2) European tap water, (3) European bottled waters as a proxy for groundwater and (4) Norwegian crystalline bedrock rock groundwater, all analysed at the same laboratory, albeit at different times. For many parameters (e.g., Ba, Cl-, K, SO4 2-) median values and ranges are, given the differing origins and, in some cases, treatment processes of the waters, surprisingly comparable. Unusually high concentrations of some other elements (e.g., B, Be, Br, Cs, F-, Ge, Li, Rb, Te and Zr) appear to be characteristic of deeper-seated, mature groundwaters. Other influences that can be inferred include contamination from well construction or plumbing materials (Cu, Pb, Zn – in tap waters, bottled waters and Norwegian groundwaters), water treatment (Fe, Mn – in tap- and Norwegian groundwater), bottle materials (Sb - bottled waters). The empirical CDF plots also reveal analytical issues for some elements (excessive rounding, element interferences). The best reference for natural and uncontaminated ’water’ is probably provided by the mineral water samples, representing ’deep groundwater’ at the European scale

Evolution des propriétés mécaniques du carbure de silicium sous irradiation aux ions

International audienceLe carbure de silicium (SiC), en raison de ses propriétés réfractaires et de sa bonne compatibilité avec le flux neutronique, est retenu pour constituer les pièces de structure des coeurs des réacteurs nucléaires de future génération. L'influence d'une irradiation aux ions Xe (95 MeV) en température (400°C), aux fluences comprises entre 3,0.1014 et 3,6.1015 ions/cm2, sur la microstructure et le comportement mécanique d'un a- SiC polycristallin est étudié. En raison de la faible épaisseur endommagée (~10 Bm), les modifications des propriétés mécaniques du SiC (module d'élasticité, dureté) induites par irradiation ont dans un premier temps été évaluées par des caractérisations de surface (spectroscopie Raman, nanoindentation, microscopie acoustique)

Experimental characterization and mechanical behaviour modelling of Molybdenum -Titanium Carbide composite for high temperature applications.

International audienceSimulations of the elastic-viscoplastic behaviour of ceramic-metal composite, over the temperature range 298-993K, are performed on realistic aggregates built up from Electron Back Scatter Diffraction methods. Physical based constitutive models are developed in order to characterize the deformation behaviour of body centered cubic (bcc) metal and face centered cubic (fcc) ceramic under various temperatures. While the ceramic keeps elastic, the viscoplastic behaviour of the metal part is described with a dislocation - based model, implemented in the finite element code ABAQUS, in order to compute local strain and stress fields during compressive tests. It is shown that the adopted constitutive laws are able to give back local complex experimental evidence on weak points of the microstructure

Adult physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and postpartum depression, a population based, prospective study of 53,065 women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) has detrimental consequences to the women, their infants and families. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between adult abuse and PPD. Methods: This study was based on data from 53,065 pregnant women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Women were recruited through a postal invitation in relation to a routine ultra-sound invitation at week 18 of gestation. Exposure to adult emotional, sexual, physical abuse was based on self-report at week 30, also differentiating if the perpetrator was known or a stranger, and whether the abuse was recent or not (<12 month since abuse). PPD was measured with a four items version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDS) at six months postpartum. The associations between different types of adult abuse and PPD were performed with logistic regression, adjusting for age, parity, civil status, education, child abuse, social support, and depression prior to pregnancy. Results: Altogether, 11% had PPD, and 19% had been exposed to adult abuse. Women reporting adult abuse had an 80% increased fully adjusted odds of PPD (OR 1.8 95% CI 1.7-1.9) compared to non-abused women. There was a tendency towards higher odds of PPD for women reporting combinations of adult abuse (emotional, sexual and physical), as compared with those reporting sexual, emotional or physical abuse only. Exposure from known perpetrator was more strongly associated with PPD than exposure from an unknown perpetrator. Compared with women without adult abuse, the fully adjusted odds of PPD was 2.6 (95% CI 2.4-2.9) higher for women with any recent adult abuse and 1.5 (95% CI 1.5-1.7) higher for women with any adult abuse, but not recent. Conclusions: The results from this large prospective population-based cohort study support initiatives aiming to assess and adequately address abuse when counseling and treating women of PP

Prevalence of abuse reported by pregnant women - impact on postpartum depression and breastfeeding: A prospective population-based analysis in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

Background: Abuse of women is a violation of human rights, and has adverse impact on physical, mental and reproductive health. Yet, there is limited population based knowledge about the effect on postpartum health and breastfeeding. There is also need for increased understanding about the impact of abuse from different perpetrators. Large scale, population based, prospective studies are requested to assess the public health impact of abuse. Aims: To investigate the prevalence of adult sexual, physical and emotional abuse, and its relation to socio demographics and other characteristics. To examine the association between abuse and postpartum depression and early breastfeeding cessation and whether a potential association differed between known and unknown perpetrators in a population based sample. Methods: Our studies included pregnant women participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study. The information was based on self reported questionnaires and was linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Paper I had a cross-sectional design and included 65,393 women. Papers II and III were prospective, and included 53,065 and 53,934, respectively. Results: Overall, 32% reported any lifetime abuse, whereas 20% had experienced adult abuse and 19% childhood abuse. Recent abuse was reported by 5% of the women. Emotional abuse was the most common type of abuse both for adults and children, and 30% of the abused reported two or more types of abuse. For all types of abuse, known perpetrator was more commonly reported. Logistic regression analyses found that all types of adult abuse, as singular or combined exposures, were significantly associated with postpartum depression. The highest risk was seen among those exposed to recent adult abuse, compared with no adult abuse. Past and recent abuse was associated with cessation of breastfeeding before four months, and highest risk of cessation was seen in women exposed to three types of abuse. This is one of the first studies to document the association between emotional abuse, as singular or combined exposure, and early breastfeeding cessation. The increased risk of early breastfeeding cessation was independent of prior depression, postpartum depression and other confounders. Conclusion: Norwegian women reported high prevalence rates of abuse. Different types of abuse, as singular and combined exposures, whether recent or past, were associated with postpartum depression and early cessation of breastfeeding; which underscore the huge burden of abuse on women’s health. The strong association between emotional abuse and breastfeeding cessation highlights that emotional abuse alone, or in combination with other types of abuse, should be assessed for. Abuse is not inevitable, accordingly, higher attention and effort from health care providers, in order to initiate interventions to end abuse is crucial