The Impact of Carsharing on Car Ownership in German Cities

Carsharing, currently growing strongly in Germany, is an important instrument for sustainable urban mobility. The present boom is mainly due to so-called "free-floating carsharing". Whilst the environmental effects of station-based carsharing have been intensively studied in the German-speaking context, to date there have been hardly any empirical findings on the effect of free-floating carsharing. Using the example of DriveNow and Flinkster in Berlin and Munich, this article examines to what extent free-floating carsharing leads to a reduction of car ownership compared to station-based carsharing. Based on online surveys (n=819/227) carried out within the “WiMobil” project (9/2012 – 10/2015), descriptive analyses and two binary logistic regressions were performed. The findings show that station-based and free-floating carsharing leads to a reduction of private cars but to different degrees (DriveNow 7%; Flinkster 15%). The shedding of cars is influenced by the frequency of use of carsharing and the increasing membership of station-based carsharing providers. Furthermore, for many people of both systems carsharing is an important reason not to buy a car. But there is also a significant proportion of people planning a car purchase. This is true especially for car-savvy persons for whom car ownership is very important. Thus, carsharing can be an important factor for sustainable urban mobility. In order to maximize the positive effects of carsharing, it is of central importance to reach additional user groups such as women and elderly people with private car ownership

Nachhaltige Verkehrskonzepte und Mobilitätstrends – Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Personenverkehr

Mobilität und Verkehr sind für Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft von zentraler Bedeutung. Mobilität ist nicht nur eine wichtige Grundvoraussetzung für die gesellschaftliche Teilhabe einzelner Personen, sondern auch wirtschaftliche Aktivitäten hängen entscheidend von der Gestaltung des Verkehrs ab. Vor dem Hintergrund des demographischen Wandels, der zunehmenden Verstädterung und des Klimawandels besteht die Herausforderung, den Mobilitätsbedarf aller Personen zu gewährleisten und gleichzeitig den Verkehr nachhaltiger zu gestalten. Schon heute werden die negativen Folgen des Verkehrs insbesondere in Städten sichtbar. In diesem Zusammenhang erlangen innovative Lösungen eine große Bedeutung. Zu Beginn des Vortrags werden auf Basis der repräsentativen Studie „Mobilität in Deutschland 2008“ aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Verkehrsnachfrage und Mobilitätstrends beschrieben. Daran anschließend werden Veränderungen des Verkehrsangebots aufgezeigt, die ein großes Potenzial für eine nachhaltige urbane Mobilität darstellen. Der Fokus richtet sich hierbei neben neuartigen Dienstleistungen wie Car- und Bikesharing auch auf das Thema Elektromobilität

Das Konversionsprojekt Eiderkaserne als Chance für die Reurbanisierung in Rendsburg?

In den letzten Jahren war die Bevölkerungszahl der Stadt Rendsburg rückläufig. Mit der Aufgabe der militärischen Nutzung der Eiderkaserne im Jahr 2008 hat sich für die Stadt Rendsburg die Chance ergeben, ein innerstädtisches Quartier mit 340 Wohneinheiten mit besonderer Wohn- und Lebensqualität zu entwickeln. Somit sind mehr als doppelt so viele Wohnungen geplant, als in dem Zeitraum von 2011 bis 2015 fertiggestellt wurden. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, ob das Konversionsprojekt Eiderkaserne das Potenzial hat, einen Reurbanisierungsprozess einzuleiten. Da die Entwicklung des Neubaugebietes erst im Jahr 2019 vorgesehen ist, kann die Fragestellung zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt nicht abschließend beurteilt werden. Allerdings sind die Planungen auf Zielgruppen - Familien mit Kindern und ältere Haushalte - ausgerichtet, die in den letzten Jahren überwiegend in das Rendsburger Umland abgewandert sind. Somit kann eine Trendumkehr eingeleitet werden. Auch die durchgeführten Interviews mit der Stadtverwaltung, dem Sanierungsträger, einem privaten Selbstnutzer sowie mit einem Projektentwickler machen deutlich, dass durch das Konversionsprojekt Eiderkaserne eine positive Bevölkerungsentwicklung erzielt und die Abwanderung in das Umland abgeschwächt werden kann. Zumindest ist davon auszugehen, dass ein ungenutztes städtisches Gebiet in Wert gesetzt wird und Konzentrationsprozesse ausgelöst werden, die eine Aufwertung der Innenstadt bewirken.In recent years the population of Rendsburg has declined. The end of the military utilisation of Eider barracks in 2008 provided the town with an opportunity to develop an inner-city neighbourhood with 340 dwelling units and a particularly high quality of life. Twice as many dwellings are herewith planned as were completed in the period from 2011 to 2015. The question thus arises as to whether the conversion of Eider barracks has the potential to trigger a reurbanisation process. As the development of the new-build area is only planned for 2019, it is not yet possible to provide a conclusive answer to this question. However, the plan targets groups - families with children and older people - who have mostly migrated to the peripheral surroundings of Rendsburg in recent years. This could therefore reverse the trend. Interviews conducted with the urban authorities, the redevelopment agency, a private owner-occupier and a project developer also make clear that the conversion of Eider barracks can achieve a positive population trend and reduce migration to the periphery. At the least, it can be assumed that an unused urban area will be put to good use, triggering concentration processes that will upgrade the inner city

STREETLIFE FIELD TRIALS – APPLIED GAMIFICATION APPROACHES AS A KEY TO MORE SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY BEHAVIOUR

To integrate new ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) services into existing transportation systems, and especially, to engage users reliably to change respective mobility routines as a consequence of these new service interventions, is a very critical challenge for service providers as well as for piloting projects. It means not less than breaking existing mobility habits; such as individual routines, applied services and Apps, and replacing them with new routines. Existing services are well established and applied by a majority of users who are hardly willing to get acquainted to new services, routines and applications – even if new services offer more and partly better information. In the project STREETLIFE a gamification approach has been used to introduce new mobility services in three individual pilot sites and to convince users to leave their “mobility comfort zone”. In consequence, it was not only to evaluate how this gamification approach has supported the service take-up by the users, but also to validate those behavioural changes’ impacts on main impact categories, i.e. the traffic system performance and carbon emissions. This paper pays particular attention to the latter aspect. Do have competitive gamification approaches combined with affordable incentives a significant impact on transport system performance criteria? This article introduces the three individual pilots, the commonly applied gamification approach and the individual games. Main achievements will be mainly based on data collected at the Berlin pilot

STREETLIFE field trials – from pilot sites solutions to emission saving potentials

The paper reports on the main results and achievements of the two individual, but closely connected pilot iterations in the FP7 project STREETLIFE. With two consecutive implementation and assessment cycles local challenges on supporting travellers’ mobility by means of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have been addressed in three individual city pilots. Based on that, on project level a common evaluation methodology is being applied to derive and compare general figures on the three main impact categories, namely i.) change of mobility behaviour, ii.) impact on transport system performances, and iii.) carbon emission reduction potentials. The paper will describe individual city pilots, its implementations and achieved impacts, starting from first iteration’s results and its consideration for final pilot field trials. Special attention will be paid to the Berlin city pilot. With an App inter-modal mobility planning is being combined with innovative gamification approaches - which presage promising findings for the final evaluation

Mobility impairments among the elderly in rural areas of Germany

Demographic change is one important trend in western societies. Many developed countries are characterized by declining fertility rates in combination with rising longevity. Fur-thermore, the baby boomer generation has started to retire, so the growing demographic group of the elderly becomes more and more important. Under these circumstances, mobility issues become very important. Especially for older peo-ple daily outdoor activities are essential not only to maintain physical competence but also for the participation in social and cultural life. With rising age, the physical competence decreases more and more. In this context, gender differences need to be considered. Compared to men, older women are more affected by physical limitations. Hence, the objective of this study is an in-depth analysis of the travel behaviour of elderly people taking into account mobilty impairments using the example of Germany. The empiri-cal analysis is based on the representative Germany-wide mobility survey “Mobility in Germany 2008” (funded by the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs). Findings show that the travel behaviour of elder people depends on age, gender and by the presence of mobilty impairments. Especially mobilty-impaired older women (75+) experience limitations in their mobility. So spatial and transport planning have to consider the various types of travel behaviour of this heterogeneous group. Keywords: elderly people, travel behaviour, mobility impairments, disability, Germany

Travel behaviour of mobility-impaired elderly people in rural areas of Germany

Mobility is of great importance to the elderly. Physical impairments increase with age and may lead to a loss of independence. For the development of supportive measures, it is necessary to obtain a detailed picture of this age group’s mobility patterns. Using the nationwide survey “Mobility in Germany 2008” as a basis, the mobility of elderly people in rural areas will thus be examined in detail. We show that mobility varies depending on age, gender and physical impairment. Women aged over 75 are particularly limited in their mobility options in the countryside. In order to enable this group in particular to have long, independent lives in old age, it is necessary to develop solutions that will meet their needs. Measures to increase transport safety can also make an important contribution to this end