Miniaturization of flight deflection measurement system

A flight deflection measurement system is disclosed including a hybrid microchip of a receiver/decoder. The hybrid microchip decoder is mounted piggy back on the miniaturized receiver and forms an integral unit therewith. The flight deflection measurement system employing the miniaturized receiver/decoder can be used in a wind tunnel. In particular, the miniaturized receiver/decoder can be employed in a spin measurement system due to its small size and can retain already established control surface actuation functions

Electro-optical spin measurement system

An electro-optical spin measurement system for a spin model in a spin tunnel includes a radio controlled receiver/transmitter, targets located on the spin model, optical receivers mounted around the perimeter of the spin tunnel and the base of the spin tunnel for receiving data from the targets, and a control system for accumulating data from the radio controlled receiver and receivers. Six targets are employed. The spin model includes a fuselage, wings, nose, and tail. Two targets are located under the fuselage of the spin model at the nose tip and tail. Two targets are located on the side of the fuselage at the nose tip and tail, and a target is located under each wing tip. The targets under the fuselage at the nose tip and tail measure spin rate of the spin model, targets on the side of the fuselage at the nose tip and tail measure angle of attack of the spin model, and the targets under the wing tips measure roll angle of the spin model. Optical receivers are mounted at 90 degree increments around the periphery of the spin tunnel to determine angle of attack and roll angle measurements of the spin model. Optical receivers are also mounted at the base of the spin tunnel to define quadrant and position of the spin model and to determine the spin rate of the spin model

Neuroprotection by erythropoietin administration after experimental traumatic brain injury.

A large body of evidence indicates that the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) exerts beneficial effects in the central nervous system (CNS). To date, EPO's effect has been assessed in several experimental models of brain and spinal cord injury. This study was conducted to validate whether treatment with recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) would limit the extent of injury following experimental TBI. Experimental TBI was induced in rats by a cryogenic injury model. rHuEPO or placebo was injected intraperitoneally immediately after the injury and then every 8 h until 2 or 14 days. Forty-eight hours after injury brain water content, an indicator of brain edema, was measured with the wet-dry method and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown was evaluated by assay of Evans blue extravasation. Furthermore, extent of cerebral damage was assessed. Administration of rHuEPO markedly improved recovery from motor dysfunction compared with placebo group (P < 0.05). Brain edema was significantly reduced in the cortex of the EPO-treated group relative to that in the placebo-treated group (80.6 \ub1 0.3% versus 91.8% \ub1 0.8% respectively, P < 0.05). BBB breakdown was significantly lower in EPO-treated group than in the placebo-treated group (66.2 \ub1 18.7 \u3bcg/g versus 181.3 \ub1 21 \u3bcg/g, respectively, P < 0.05). EPO treatment reduced injury volume significantly compared with placebo group (17.4 \ub1 5.4 mm3 versus 37.1 \ub1 5.3 mm3, P < 0.05). EPO, administered in its recombinant form, affords significant neuroprotection in experimental TBI model and may hold promise for future clinical applications. \ua9 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Il trattamento del gozzo immerso. La nostra esperienza

Gli Autori, dopo avere accennato alla storia naturale del gozzo immerso, riferiscono la loro esperienza di tale patologia maturata negli ultimi 5 anni, sottolineando i caratteri della complessa sintoma - tologia osservata nei vari casi, la condotta terapeutica seguìta, i buoni risultati ottenuti. Si soffermano quindi ad elencare le molteplici classificazioni, via via proposte. Illustrano le complesse situazioni sia di ordine emodina - mico che respiratorio di particolare interesse anestesiologico. Discutono, infine, sulla diagnostica e soprattutto sul corretto atteggiamento terapeutico il cui obiettivo è duplice: risolvere la sinto - matologia prodotta dalla massa mediastinica ed escludere la possibi - lità di recidiv

Different actions of sevoflurane and propofol on central nicotinic receptors may explain differences in hypnotic antagonism by cholinesterase inhibitors

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ISOLAMENTO DI BATTERI DEGRADATORI DI ORGANOFOSFORICI DA SUOLI MEDITERRANEI

I pesticidi organofosforici sono utilizzati per migliorare la produzione agricola e per il controllo dei parassiti. Nonostante i benefici effetti sull\u2019agricoltura, i pesticidi danneggiano gli organismi viventi in quanto interferiscono con i processi metabolici e si diffondono nelle matrici ambientali, tra le quali il suolo, che rappresenta un\u2019importante risorsa. Lo scopo del presente lavoro \ue8 stato quello di studiare la biodiversit\ue0 di batteri degradatori di organofosforici, in suoli mediterranei, differenti per il tipo di coltura e le pratiche agronomiche. I batteri rappresentano infatti, un\u2019utile strumento nella bonifica di aree contaminate. Dai suoli, sono stati isolati 47 ceppi, capaci di crescere in presenza di parathion, quale esclusiva fonte di carbonio. I batteri isolati sono stati raggruppati in 20 Unit\ue0 Tassonomiche Operative, mediante analisi dello Spaziatore Intergenico Ribosomale. La biodiversit\ue0 batterica \ue8 stata quindi correlata alle propriet\ue0 chimico-fisiche dei suoli considerati. In particolare si \ue8 evidenziata una correlazione positiva tra la biodiversit\ue0, il contenuto di argilla e di carbonio. Isolati rappresentativi, per ogni Unit\ue0 Tassonomica Operativa, sono stati scelti casualmente, per il sequenziamento parziale del gene 16S rRNA. Alcuni ceppi sono stati affiliati a Pseudoxanthomonas, Streptomyces iakyrus, Microbacterium takaoensis e Isoptericola dokdonensi, mai citati in bibliografia tra i degradatori di organofosforici. Per alcuni dei ceppi identificati, \ue8 stata studiata la capacit\ue0 di degradare gli organofosforici, in mezzo liquido ed in tre suoli standard. A tal fine, sono state utilizzate la microestrazione in fase solida e l\u2019estrazione con solvente, unitamente alla gascromatografia e alla spettrometria di massa. Alcuni dei batteri esaminati, hanno mostrato una buona abilit\ue0 degradativa.Organophosphorus pesticides are used for crop production and pest control. Although they are useful in agricultural management, they damage the living organisms because interfere with metabolic processes, furthermore the organophosphorus spread in environmental matrices such as the soil that is an important resource. The aim of this research was to study the biodiversity of organophosphorus degrader bacteria in mediterranean agricultural soils because the bacteria represent an useful source in the bioremediation of contaminated area. The bacteria were isolated from soils under different management systems, 47 strains were able to grow on parathion as carbon source. They were grouped into 20 Operational Taxonomic Units by analysing the Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer. This biodiversity was correlated to such physico-chemical properties of the mediterranean soils. In particular, a positive correlation was found between biodiversity, soil clay and carbon content. Representative isolates for each Operational Taxonomic Unit were randomly chosen for the partial sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Strains phylogenetically related to Sinorhizobium, Pseudoxanthomonas, Streptomyces iakyrus, Microbacterium takaoensis and Isoptericola dokdonensis have never mentioned as organophosphorus degraders. The pesticide biodegradation ability was tested on identified strains. It was evaluated in liquid medium and in three standard soils. Solid Phase Micro- Extraction and solid liquid extraction methods were coupled with gaschromatography and mass-spectrometry for the analysis of resulting organophosphorus compounds. Some of the analyzed strains showed a good ability in organophosphorus degradation

Different sensitivity of isoprene emission, respiration and photosynthesis to high growth temperature coupled with drought stress in black poplar (Populus nigra) saplings

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Gamification in Educational Technology: A Scoping Review of Trends and Effectiveness

Educational technology has increasingly embraced gamification the use of game design elements (points, badges, challenges, etc.) in non-game learning environments as a strategy to boost student motivation and engagement. This scoping review synthesizes the recent (2023–2025) literature on gamification in education, focusing on reported outcomes and effectiveness. A systematic search of multiple databases (e.g. Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC) was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We included open-access empirical and review studies (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods) published in English that evaluated gamified educational interventions. Data was analyzed thematically. In total, 8 studies met the criteria (published 2023–2025). Overall, findings indicate that gamified interventions tend to improve learners’ engagement, motivation, and achievement. Commonly used game elements include points, badges, and leaderboards, often in online learning contexts. Notably, a recent meta-analysis reported a large positive effect (Hedges’ g ≈ 0.82) of gamification on learning outcomes. However, results were not uniformly positive: some studies reported mixed or context-specific outcomes, and effective implementation appeared to depend on thoughtful instructional design. Emerging trends include the integration of gamification with immersive technologies (VR/AR), mobile learning, and adaptive personalization. This review highlights that when well-designed, gamification can meaningfully enhance educational experiences. We conclude with implications for educators and developers, and suggest future research directions (e.g. long-term effectiveness, equity, and adaptive gameful systems)