Evolution of the Internet AS-Level Ecosystem

We present an analytically tractable model of Internet evolution at the level of Autonomous Systems (ASs). We call our model the multiclass preferential attachment (MPA) model. As its name suggests, it is based on preferential attachment. All of its parameters are measurable from available Internet topology data. Given the estimated values of these parameters, our analytic results predict a definitive set of statistics characterizing the AS topology structure. These statistics are not part of the model formulation. The MPA model thus closes the "measure-model-validate-predict" loop, and provides further evidence that preferential attachment is a driving force behind Internet evolution

The Internet AS-Level Topology: Three Data Sources and One Definitive Metric

We calculate an extensive set of characteristics for Internet AS topologies extracted from the three data sources most frequently used by the research community: traceroutes, BGP, and WHOIS. We discover that traceroute and BGP topologies are similar to one another but differ substantially from the WHOIS topology. Among the widely considered metrics, we find that the joint degree distribution appears to fundamentally characterize Internet AS topologies as well as narrowly define values for other important metrics. We discuss the interplay between the specifics of the three data collection mechanisms and the resulting topology views. In particular, we show how the data collection peculiarities explain differences in the resulting joint degree distributions of the respective topologies. Finally, we release to the community the input topology datasets, along with the scripts and output of our calculations. This supplement should enable researchers to validate their models against real data and to make more informed selection of topology data sources for their specific needs.Comment: This paper is a revised journal version of cs.NI/050803

К Вопросу о Деятельности Современных Организаций – Продолжателей Дела Черносотенцев Начала Хх Века

Cтатья посвящена проблеме функционирования русских националистических организаций в постсоветский период и связь их программных установок с установками доревоюционных российских правомонархистов. Ключевые слова: Черносотенцы; Союз русского народа; русские националисты; Совет воссоединения России; «чёрная сотня

Methods of Russian Patent Analysis

The article presents a method for extracting predicate-argument constructions characterizing the composition of the structural elements of the inventions and the relationships between them. The extracted structures are converted into a domain ontology and used in prior art patent search and information support of automated invention. The analysis of existing natural language processing (NLP) tools in relation to the processing of Russian-language patents has been carried out. A new method for extracting structured data from patents has been proposed taking into account the specificity of the text of patents and is based on the shallow parsing and segmentation of sentences. The value of the F1 metric for a rigorous estimate of data extraction is 63% and for a lax estimate is 79%. The results obtained suggest that the proposed method is promising

The First World War as Collapse Catalyst of Dual Monarchy Regime in Russia

The First World War as Collapse Catalyst of Dual Monarchy Regime in Russi

DEVELOPMENT OF SPEED ENDURANCE METHODS IN MIDDLE SCHOOL AGE SWIMMERS

Abstract: The issues identified with preparing of youthful swimmers are among the most intense issues of advancement of preparing program. Continuance is a standout amongst the most vital capacity of a swimmer. Improvement of continuance through amusement and extraordinary activities makes it conceivable to swim at a high pace for quite a while. Advancement of high sportsmanship capacities amid preparing is related with the dimension of engine capacities (quality, speed, perseverance) and with the effectiveness of their cooperation. The high proficiency and sportsmanship of a swimmer can be accomplished through progress of speed perseverance. Abnormal state of general and concentrated preparing of youthful swimmers is incomprehensible without adequate improvement ofcontinuance. The motivation behind this article is to investigate the effectiveness of exceptional activities went for improvement of speed perseverance of youthful swimmers by leading an academic analysis. The best strategies for investigating the issue are educational perception, examination of logical and methodological writing, instructive test and control tests. The principle consequence of this exploration is the explained technique for improvement of speed perseverance of youthful swimmers amid preparing process. The materials of this article might be discovered helpful by understudies of professional and higher instructive organizations of physical training, authorities of broadened instructive framework, and understudies or instructors at schools.Keywords:middle school age, swimming, speed endurance, training process

Five Years at the Edge: Watching Internet from the ISP Network

The Internet and the way people use it are constantly changing. Knowing traffic is crucial for operating the network, understanding users' need, and ultimately improving applications. Here, we provide an in-depth longitudinal view of Internet traffic in the last 5 years (from 2013 to 2017). We take the point of the view of a national-wide ISP and analyze flow-level rich measurements to pinpoint and quantify trends. We evaluate the providers' costs in terms of traffic consumption by users and services. We show that an ordinary broadband subscriber nowadays downloads more than twice as much as they used to do 5 years ago. Bandwidth hungry video services drive this change, while social messaging applications boom (and vanish) at incredible pace. We study how protocols and service infrastructures evolve over time, highlighting unpredictable events that may hamper traffic management policies. In the rush to bring servers closer and closer to users, we witness the birth of the sub-millisecond Internet, with caches located directly at ISP edges. The picture we take shows a lively Internet that always evolves and suddenly changes