Antifeedant effect of NeemAzal-T/S on the caterpillars of Lymantria dispar L..

The objective of laboratory trial presented in this paper were to establish in what measure the NeemAzal-T/S (1% azadirachtin A) insecticide has effect on feeding of Lymantria dispar caterpillars, when it is applied as emulsion of 5%, 10%, 20% and 20% emulsion mixed with 0.1% raps oil or with 1% Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai. Antifeedand effect was evident after 72 hours of feeding whit treated leafs, moment which marked by entering of many caterpillars in lethargic state. The antifeedant index (AFI) increased (0.59-0.98) in the same time with increasing concentration of NeemAzal emulsion, and being accentuated by raps oil and Bta added in emulsion. If the application of these emulsions contributes at decreasing of leaf feeding with 74.3-99.3%, we can affirm that the azadirachtin, the active complex of the insecticide, can be utilized in the aim of deciduous forests protection against the gypsy moth

Profit-led or cost-led inflation? Propagation effects through the EU inter-industry network

The return of persistent inflation in OECD countries has been the most significant macroeconomic phenomenon in recent years. This article analyses different explanations for the current inflationary dynamics, from which various policy recommendations arise. Specifically, by using a Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) model, the article investigates whether the rise in profits and profit share is the result of changes in the behaviour of firms or just the natural outcome of rising energy costs, in the case of France, Italy and Spain. Our results indicate that companies raised prices more than necessary in order to maintain their levels of profitability in each of the European economies analysed, confirming that inflation hikes were led by surging profits. This implies that the introduction or strengthening of price controls would help to rapidly bring inflation under control, protecting the purchasing power of households

Value of staging squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin and canal using the sentinel lymph node procedure: an update of the series and a review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Inguinal metastases in patients affected by anal cancer are an independent prognostic factor for local failure and overall mortality. Since 2001, sentinel lymph node biopsy was applied in these patients. This original study reports an update of personal and previous published series, which were compared with Literature to value the incidence of inguinal metastases T-stage related and the overall incidence of false negative inguinal metastases at sentinel node. METHODS: In all, 63 patients diagnosed with anal cancer submitted to inguinal sentinel node. Furthermore a research in the Pub Med database was performed to find papers regarding this technique. RESULTS: In our series, detection rate was 98.4%. Inguinal metastases were evidentiated in 13 patients (20.6%). Our median follow-up was 35 months. In our series, no false negative nodes were observed. CONCLUSION: Sentinel node technique in the detection of inguinal metastases in patients affected by anal cancer should be considered as a standard of care. It is indicated for all T stages in order to select patients to be submitted to inguinal radiotherapy, avoiding related morbidity in negative ones. An overall 3.7% rate of false negative must be considered acceptable

Oak aphids Tuberculatus annulatus (Hartig, 1841) and Thelaxes dryophila (Schrank, 1801) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) endosymbiont microbiome diversity alters between natural and artificial oak forest regeneration

In the present study, the bacterial symbionts of two species of oak aphid, Thelaxes dryophila and Tuberculatus annulatus were tested as indicators between naturally and artificially regenerated oak forests. In total, 195 bacterial taxa were identified using the Ion Torrent PGM system. Here, we report for the first time differences in bacterial symbiont diversity between oak forests natural and artificial regeneration sites, and aphid species. Differences in the abundance of the primary obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola were also detected between the two study aphid species. In the ant attended Thelaxes dryophila, the species was found to harbour a higher density of the facultative symbionts Serratia symbiotica and Wolbachia, while in the non-ant attended Tuberculatus annulatus, the dominant facultative symbionts were Hamiltonella and Rickettsia. In addition, we report the presence of Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae as symbionts of Thelaxes dryophila and Shigella boydii as a symbiont of Tuberculatus annulatus. We conclude that the two aphid species harbour different facultative symbionts between oak forest regeneration types; these results might have importance in oak forest pest management via aphid adaptation through their endosymbions

Parasitoids and Predators of Ips typographus (L.) in Unmanaged and Managed Spruce Forests in Natural Park Apuseni, Romania

Abstract The last time span, of protected areas of forest ecosystems established raise of a variety of problems regarding frequency and intensity of the attack carried out by the rich pest complex affecting the trees' state of health. The current legislation forbids the application of pests control measures which can affect the biodiversity of these ecosystems. Species belonging to the useful entomofauna may interfere in the decrease of pest populations in these areas. The study of the parasitoid and predator complex has thus become a very topical research field, and these type of studies were carried out in Natural Park Apuseni, Romania. With the aim to identify present parasitoids and predators, 24 spruce logs provided from physiological weakened trees of 20-25 cm diameter and 1 m length were placed in 6 locations, in order to be populated by the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (Linnaeus) as a trophic base of useful insect species. After its infestation the wood material was put in eclectors and analyzed weekly for the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus, its parasitoids and predators. After examining collected biological material, 6 parasitoid species were identified which determined a 4.8% parasitization in unmanaged and 2.3% parasitization in managed forests. The best represented Hymenopteran parasitoids were Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratzeburg) and Rhopalicus tutela (Walker). The found Coleopteran predators were from 12 species, which belong to 4 families. The most captures were of the species Nemosoma elongatum (Linnaeus), representing 50.3% of the total captured predators and Rhizophagus cribratus (Gyllenhaal), representing 9.5% of the captures

Matrix: a 15 ps resistive interpolation TDC ASIC based on a novel regular structure

This paper presents a 4-channel TDC ASIC with the following features: 15-ps LSB (9.34 ps after calibration), 10-ps jitter, < 4-ps time resolution, up to 10 MHz of sustained input rate per channel, 45 mW of power consumption and very low area (910×215 μm2) in a commercial 180 nm technology. The main contribution of this work is the novel design of the clock interpolation circuitry based on a resistive interpolation mesh circuit (patented), a two-dimensional regular structure with very good properties in terms of power consumption, area and low process variability

Observation of a New Ξb- Resonance

From samples of p p collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at √ s = 7 , 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1.0, 2.0 and 1.5     fb − 1 , respectively, a peak in both the Λ 0 b K − and Ξ 0 b π − invariant mass spectra is observed. In the quark model, radially and orbitally excited Ξ − b resonances with quark content b d s are expected. Referring to this peak as Ξ b ( 6227 ) − , the mass and natural width are measured to be m Ξ b ( 6227 ) − = 6226.9 ± 2.0 ± 0.3 ± 0.2     MeV / c 2 and Γ Ξ b ( 6227 ) − = 18.1 ± 5.4 ± 1.8     MeV / c 2 , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third, on m Ξ b ( 6227 ) − , is due to the knowledge of the Λ 0 b baryon mass. Relative production rates of the Ξ b ( 6227 ) − → Λ 0 b K − and Ξ b ( 6227 ) − → Ξ 0 b π − decays are also reported

Corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) population expansion influenced by endosymbiotic bacterial diversity along a gradient of maize management and climate conditions

In the present study, corn leaf aphid population expansion along a gradient of 200,000 square kilometers was tested under four different maize management systems and climatic regions, and the influence of these factors on the aphids’ endosymbiotic bacterial community composition (both obligate and facultative) assessed. The central question posited was whether there was a correlation between corn leaf aphid distribution and variation in its endosymbiotic bacterial species composition due to climate change. After a detailed symbiont assessment, it was found that climate was the major factor in determining endosymbionts distribution (> 80%). A significant positive linear correlation was shown to exist between the infestation rate (number of infected maize fields) and increasing frequency of two facultative endosymbiotic bacteria, Serratia symbiotica and Wolbachia, both under high and low temperature conditions, whilst the opposite trend was observed in the case of the obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola. From these findings, we reveal for the first time that clear and strong relationships exist between the increase in corn leaf aphid populations along a large geographic area in relation to climatic change and the increase of S. symbiotica and Wolbachia, yet at the same time, with a concomitant decrease of B. aphidicola populations. We conclude that this scenario may well explain the recent rapid expansion of the corn leaf aphid in– and damage to– European maize fields