An investigation into grid patching techniques

In the past decade significant advances were made using flow field methods in the calculation of external transonic flows over aerodynamic configurations. It is now possible to calculate inviscid transonic flow over three dimensional configurations by solving the potential equation. However, with the exception of the transonic small disturbance methods which have the advantage of a simple cartesian grid, the configurations over which it is possible to calculate such flows are relatively simple. The major reason for this is the difficulty of producing compatibility between grid generation and flow equation solutions. The main programs in use, use essentially analytic transformations for prescribed configurations and, as such, are not easy to extend. While there is work in progress to extend this type of system to a limited extent, the long term effort is directed towards a more general approach. This approach should not be restricted to producing grid systems in isolation but rather a consideration of the overall problem of flow field solution

Handover in Mobile WiMAX Networks: The State of Art and Research Issues

The next-generation Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks, using the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) as the core technology based on the IEEE 802.16 family of standards, is evolving as a Fourth-Generation (4G) technology. With the recent introduction of mobility management frameworks in the IEEE 802.16e standard, WiMAX is now placed in competition to the existing and forthcoming generations of wireless technologies for providing ubiquitous computing solutions. However, the success of a good mobility framework largely depends on the capability of performing fast and seamless handovers irrespective of the deployed architectural scenario. Now that the IEEE has defined the Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e) MAC-layer handover management framework, the Network Working Group (NWG) of the WiMAX Forum is working on the development of the upper layers. However, the path to commercialization of a full-fledged WiMAX mobility framework is full of research challenges. This article focuses on potential handover-related research issues in the existing and future WiMAX mobility framework. A survey of these issues in the MAC, Network and Cross-Layer scenarios is presented along with discussion of the different solutions to those challenges. A comparative study of the proposed solutions, coupled with some insights to the relevant issues, is also included

In Defence of Macdonald\u27s Constitution

To-night I propose to sing the praises of the Canadian Constitution of 1867. I call it Macdonald\u27s Constitution for two reasons. The first is that, though of course it was the work of all the Fathers of Confederation, Macdonald, incontestably, was the chief architect. The second is that what I am concerned to defend is the basic document Macdonald left us: Macdonald\u27s Constitution as distinct from Haldane\u27s; Macdonald\u27s Constitution before it was defaced and ravaged by the Judicial Committee of the British Privy Council; before it was distorted by those wicked Stepfathers of Confederation. Does it need defence? Yes. Against what? Against the demands voiced, notably, by the recent Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Constitution, for a new Constitution , a fundamental recasting , a Constitution rethought and reformulated in terms that are meaningful to Canadians now. \u27 And why are we supposed to need this new Constitution? First, because the Constitution of 1867 (which, despite the Watsons and the Haldanes, remains the basis of our present Constitution) is not distinctively Canadian ;2 because it was imposed by British overlords , 3 or granted by a colonial power , 4 or because the Fathers were thinking as colonials .

In Defence of Macdonald\u27s Constitution

To-night I propose to sing the praises of the Canadian Constitution of 1867. I call it Macdonald\u27s Constitution for two reasons. The first is that, though of course it was the work of all the Fathers of Confederation, Macdonald, incontestably, was the chief architect. The second is that what I am concerned to defend is the basic document Macdonald left us: Macdonald\u27s Constitution as distinct from Haldane\u27s; Macdonald\u27s Constitution before it was defaced and ravaged by the Judicial Committee of the British Privy Council; before it was distorted by those wicked Stepfathers of Confederation. Does it need defence? Yes. Against what? Against the demands voiced, notably, by the recent Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Constitution, for a new Constitution , a fundamental recasting , a Constitution rethought and reformulated in terms that are meaningful to Canadians now. \u27 And why are we supposed to need this new Constitution? First, because the Constitution of 1867 (which, despite the Watsons and the Haldanes, remains the basis of our present Constitution) is not distinctively Canadian ;2 because it was imposed by British overlords , 3 or granted by a colonial power , 4 or because the Fathers were thinking as colonials .

Cytomegalovirus is associated with depression and anxiety in older adults

Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV), a β-herpesvirus, is common within the population. Although asymptomatic, infection is associated with increased serum concentrations of cytokines such as TNFα and IL-6, which are also related to mood and wellbeing. The present study examined whether infection with CMV was associated with mood in a community-based sample of olderadults. Blood samples and scores on the General Health Questionnaire were available for 137 participants. Serum was analysed for the presence of CMV-specific IgG and the antibody titre was used as an indirect measure of viral load. The majority of the participants (66%) were CMV-seropositive and seropositive status was not associated with psychological morbidity. However, within the CMV-positive group, individuals with higher CMV-specific antibody titres were more likely to be depressed, anxious, and suffer more overall psychological morbidity. This association could be mediated by the impact of affect-moderating cytokines secreted through the CMV-specific immune response.\ud \u

Learning the rules of the ‘student game’: Transforming the ‘student habitus’ through [im]mobility

In recent years, a growing body of literature has emerged concerning the mobilities of students, specifically relating to the interactions between local and non-local students, which can accentuate unequal access to education; social interactions and learner outcomes. Central to much of this literature is a sense that being mobile in institutional choice is the most appropriate and expected approach to successful university life. Conversely, local students, disadvantaged by their age, history, external commitments and immobility, are thought to be unlikely to share the same ‘student experiences’ as their traditional counterparts, leading to feelings of alienation within the student community. This paper will seek to problematise this binary by examining the experiences of a group of local and non-local students studying at the University of Portsmouth using Bourdieu’s reading of habitus and capital. This is useful as it provides a more critical insight into how students’ [dis]advantaged learner identities are [re]produced through their everyday sociability. Moreover, these findings extend previous discussions of first year transitions by questioning the influence of accommodation upon the formation of identities and the initial experiences of ‘being’, or ‘becoming’ students. This paper also seeks to extend previous theoretical tendencies that privilege identity formation through mobility rather than stasis

Residual stress measurement round robin on an electron beam welded joint between austenitic stainless steel 316L(N) and ferritic steel P91

This paper is a research output of DMW-Creep project which is part of a national UK programme through the RCUK Energy programme and India's Department of Atomic Energy. The research is focussed on understanding the characteristics of welded joints between austenitic stainless steel and ferritic steel that are widely used in many nuclear power generating plants and petrochemical industries as well as conventional coal and gas-fired power systems. The members of the DMW-Creep project have under- taken parallel round robin activities measuring the residual stresses generated by a dissimilar metal weld (DMW) between AISI 316L(N) austenitic stainless steel and P91 ferritic-martensitic steel. Electron beam (EB) welding was employed to produce a single bead weld on a plate specimen and an additional smoothing pass (known cosmetic pass) was then introduced using a defocused beam. The welding re- sidual stresses have been measured by five experimental methods including (I) neutron diffraction (ND), (II) X-Ray diffraction (XRD), (III) contour method (CM), (IV) incremental deep hole drilling (iDHD) and (V) incremental centre hole drilling (iCHD). The round robin measurements of weld residual stresses are compared in order to characterise surface and sub-surface residual stresses comprehensively

The Courts and the Conventions of the Constitution

This article addresses the somewhat evasive topic of conventions. In the first part of the article, the author discusses conventions in a very general way as part of our "working Constitution of Canada". In so doing, he considers such questions as: What constitutes a convention?; How does it change?; and, In what circumstances does it change? Numerous examples of conventions are presented and examined. The second part of the article is more specifically concerned with the relationship between the courts and these conventions. Particular emphasis is placed on the patriation reference of 1982 to the Supreme Court of Canada. The author concludes by assessing the appropriate role of the courts with respect to matters of convention.Cet étude adressera le sujet quelque peu évasif des conventions. En premier lieu, l'auteur donnera au apercu général des conventions en rapport avec le rôle de la Constitution du Canada dans notre vie quotidienne. Entre autres, l'auteur discutera les questions suivants: Quelle est une convention?; Comment peut-on modifier une convention?; Dans quelles circonstances est-ce qu'une convention change? L'etude présentera et examinera plusieurs exemples de conventions. En deuxième lieu, l'auteur démontrera la relation qui existe entre les Cours et les conventions et, en particulier, il attirera l'attention sur la référence de patriation à la Cour Suprême du Canada en 1982. Finalement, l'étude évaluera le rôle des Cours le plus approprié en rapport aux affaires des convention

The Effects of Acute Photobiomodulation on Anaerobic Exercise Performance

Optimal performance in sport requires a balance between training stress and recovery. Therapeutic modalities that allow athletes to maintain this balance while training hard are in high demand, but many lack research. Photobiomodulation is a red and near-infrared light therapy that is proposed to enhance exercise performance and hasten recovery. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute whole body photobiomodulation, applied pre-exercise, on anaerobic exercise performance. Forty-eight healthy, active subjects participated in this single-blind, crossover study. Subjects visited the lab three times to complete a repeat Wingate test, with one week between each visit. All subjects completed baseline testing during their first visit and randomly received either the photobiomodulation or placebo condition before testing on the second visit, followed by the opposite condition on the third visit. There was a significantly higher peak power on the first Wingate test following photobiomodulation (p=0.046) but no differences in peak power on the second, third, and fourth Wingate tests. There was also a significantly higher power drop on the first Wingate test (p=0.045) but no differences on the second, third, and fourth Wingate tests. There were no differences in average power on any of the Wingate tests. Blood lactate was significantly lower following photobiomodulation, before exercise (p=0.0001), trending higher after the first Wingate test (p=0.077), and significantly higher after the second Wingate test (p=0.048). Peak heart rate was significantly higher following photobiomodulation on the first (p=0.009), second (p=0.022), and fourth (p=0.015) Wingate tests. On the day following photobiomodulation, heart rate variability was higher (p=0.0043) but there were no differences in subjective recovery and stress scores. Based on these findings, we concluded that acute photobiomodulation may enhance maximal anaerobic performance but does not attenuate fatigue. We also concluded that acute photobiomodulation may enhance recovery from maximal, anaerobic exercise