Persistent bone disease in adult type 1 Gaucher disease despite increasing doses of enzyme replacement therapy

FWN – Publicaties zonder aanstelling Universiteit Leide

The Path from Foster Care to Permanence: Does Proximity Outweigh Stability?

This thesis investigates the relationship between foster care placement settings and discharges. Placement settings are where foster children live: foster homes, group homes, etc. There may be one or several placements for any individual child. In the interest of stability, federal funding to states depends in part on low numbers of placement moves. Federal reviews, however, do not consider whether the placement settings resemble permanent family life (foster homes compared to congregate care) or the direction of placement moves. Competing risks regression was used to analyze time to discharge data of foster children in Georgia. Discharges (competing risks) were compared based on the number and the direction of placement moves. Children with movement patterns that favored placements similar to permanent family life were found to have higher probabilities of discharges to safe permanence. This thesis promotes “proximity to permanence” as an important, but often overlooked, consideration in foster care placements

Explaining Special Education Communication Disorder Classification by Race, Native Language Spoken, SES, and EL Status: A Logistic Regression Study

This study examined whether a special education communication disorder for kindergarten students was dependent on race/ethnicity, native language spoken, socioeconomic status, and EL status using a dataset of 3,642 students across 2010, 2012, and 2014 in a large district in Oregon. Using a logistic regression methodology, this study explored (a) the relationship between identification with a special education communication disorder by race/ethnicity, (b) the relationship between identification with a special education communication disorder by native language, (c) the relationship between identification with a special education communication disorder by socioeconomic status (based on free and reduced lunch status), and (d) the relationship between identification with a special education communication disorder by EL status. The results from this study suggest that the odds of students being classified with a special education communication disorder are nearly double for those who receive free and reduced lunch. Other demographic variables did not significantly predict the likelihood of remediation. The findings from this study highlight the complexity of the story as to why students are identified with a special education communication disorder. This study can be used to inform future research on the connection between poverty and placement in a special education communication disorder

Physiological & Behavioral Indicators of Shad Susceptibility to Impingement at Water Intakes

To address Clean Water Act regulations concerning reduction of fish impingement at water intakes (316b) I investigated approaches for identifying moribund or impaired shad under stressors of cold shock and reduced ration. In preliminary experiments, we determined the initial point of loss of equilibrium (LOE) for threadfin shad to be 7.2°C and for gizzard shad to be less than 3.5°C. I exposed shad to increasing levels of cold shock and reduced ration and then measured physiological and behavioral responses. Gizzard and threadfin shad exhibited reduced swimming performance at temperatures slightly above LOE. Cortisol and chloride showed a linear correlation with swimming performance in gizzard shad but not threadfin shad. Cortisol increased as a response to cold shock and declined after an acclimation period at a cold temperature. The expected change in serum chloride in relation to cortisol occurred in threadfin shad but not gizzard shad. I observed few differences in swimming performance and physiological indicators among ration treatments for either species. However, field observations suggest that the duration of reduced ration I used, 21-days, was not sufficient to reproduce the condition of shad in late winter. The nutritional status indicators, hematocrit and condition factor, demonstrated a declining trend. These indicators could be measured easily in the field to determine the susceptibility of shad if further testing shows a relationship with decreased swimming performance. The results of this study indicate that the term moribund does not apply well to all shad impacted by natural environmental stressors and its application should be reevaluated. Threadfin and gizzard shad are susceptible to impingement before moribundity occurs. The use of physiological indicators as predictors of impingement susceptibility appears promising

An advertising aesthetic: Real beauty and visual impairment

This article considers critical responses to disability in 20th-century Anglo-American advertisements from which a problematic advertising aesthetic emerges. The aesthetic is used to test the progressiveness of a recent trilogy of Dove advertisements that represents visual impairment. The conclusion is that while there has been much progress, the ableist advertising aesthetic of decades ago remains an issue in the 21st century. More specifically, the Dove advertisements are found to be underpinned by ocularcentrism, despite their apparent appreciation of visual impairment

Ein Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Kammerfüllung von Schraubenmotoren

Derzeitige Schraubenmotorkonstruktionen basieren auf Entwicklungen aus dem Kompressorenbereich und weisen dementsprechend ein noch hohes Optimierungs-potenzial insbesondere der Energiewandlung auf. Untersuchungen zur Energiewandlung in Schraubenmotoren haben gerade für den Dampfschraubenmotor (aber auch für die übrigen Motorkonzepte) als wesentliche Verlustquellen Spaltverluste während der Kammerfüllung sowie Drosselverluste am Einlass ergeben. Primäre Aufgabe der Weiterentwicklung von Schraubenmotoren mit dem Ziel einer Steigerung der Energiewandlungsgüte muss es daher sein, die Füllung der Arbeitskammer zu verbessern.In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Ergebnisse aus den Untersuchungen zur geometrischen Optimierung des Füllvorgangs von Schraubenmotoren behandelt. Zu diesem Zweck werden Kennzahlen entwickelt, die eine rein geometrische Beurteilung unterschiedlicher Rotorgeometrien hinsichtlich dieser beiden Verlustanteile (Spaltverluste und Einlassdrosselung) ermöglichen. Untersuchungen von Rotor-geometrien anhand dieser Kennzahlen zeigen, dass eine einfache geometrische Variation von Rotorgeometrien, die heute im Bereich der Schraubenkompressoren üblich sind, für den Einsatz im Motorbetrieb nur ein geringes Optimierungspotenzial besitzen. Ursache sind die komplexen Zusammenhänge zwischen den Verlustmechanismen mit ihren häufig gegenläufigen Wirkungen auf die Energiewandlung.Verbessert wird diese Situation durch geometrische Veränderungen des Einlassbereiches in Form von Steuerscheiben auf den Rotoren sowie konischen Rotoren. Die dargestellten Zusammenhänge bleiben zwar auch für diese Geometrien erhalten, aufgrund der vergrößerten Einlassflächen ergibt sich jedoch eine, für den Motorbetrieb vorteilhafte, Verschiebung des Optimierungspotenzials hin zu größeren inneren Volumen-verhältnissen. Eine Reduzierung des Hauptrotorumschlingungswinkels kann hierbei ebenfalls zu einer Verbesserung der Energiewandlungsgüte durch verminderte Spaltverluste beitragen.Einen ersten Schritt zu einer Verbesserung der Einlassbedingungen in Schrauben-motoren stellt daher der Einsatz von profilierten Einlassscheiben auf Haupt- und Nebenrotor dar. Diese lassen sich unter eher geringem Aufwand in heutige Schraubenmotor-varianten integrieren. Ein deutlich höheres Potenzial zur Verbesserung der Energiewandlung bietet jedoch der Einsatz von konischen Rotoren.This report deals with the quantification of two processes which take place during chamber filling and which are manly important for energy conversion in screw-type engines. Based on the experience of former investigations on screw-type engines it is known that on the one hand gas leakage through the clearances during the filling process and on the other hand pressure loss at the inlet site of the engine are of wide influence on energy conversion in screw-type engines. In this report a method for estimation of the chamber filling of screw-type engines and therefore of energy conversion will be presented.In a first step key values for analysing the two processes, gas leakage through the clearances during the filling process and pressure loss at the inlet, are shown. These key values are built by means of geometrical rotor parameters.In the following, geometrical variations of the rotor geometries are estimated via the key values (presented). (The variations of male rotor wrap angle, length / diameter ratio, number of lobes on male and female rotor and the inner volume ratio are calculated for an asymmetrical SRM-B-Profile).Especially for a large inner volume ratio, which is interesting for running the machine as an expander in a steam cycle, no optimal geometrical conditions can be found. A geometrical reduction of the operative clearance width, which should reduce the gas leakage too, always causes increased pressure loss at the inlet. Reducing the pressure loss causes increased gas leakage. But the key values for estimation of pressure loss are showing higher gradients for the examined geometrical variations. Therefore for a geometrical optimisation pressure loss at the inlet shut be considered first.In a next step three options for modification of the inlet area with regard to an improvement of the chamber filling are investigated. These are an inlet disc at one rotor (in the shown example at the male rotor), the use of conical rotors and finally inlet discs at the male and the female rotor.Based on the calculations for all variants a positive effect on chamber filling may be expected, but the option with an inlet disc at the male rotor shows the highest potential. It is mainly influenced by a reduction of gas leakage while the inlet situation shows no significant differences. But the volume of the inlet area at the disc operates like a kind of exhaust chamber which causes a loss of energy conversion. For an improvement of energy conversion by the advantage of an increased chamber filling it is necessary to design the volume of the exhaust chamber as small as possible.Conical rotors have shown also an increase of chamber filing. In contrast to the inlet disc it is mainly influenced by a reduction of pressure loss at the inlet. Therefore we can also expect an improvement of energy conversion by the use of conical rotors. But a final point to make is that manufacturing of these conical rotors is presently not investigated.The option of inlet discs at the male an the female rotor is an intermediate step between the cylindrical rotors and the conical ones. In this case the advantage of an increased chamber filling is combined with an easy way of manufacturing but without the disadvantage of an exhaust chamber. However the potential of improvement of chamber filling is less in comparison to the conical rotors

Fostering Resilience Among Early Adolescents Exposed to Community Violence: Challenges, Strategies, and Support Needs of Middle School Teachers in Predominantly African American Urban Communities

Community violence places youth at risk for adverse developmental consequences such as poor school achievement, aggression, and self-destructive behaviors. Although an increasing number of studies have investigated the strategies that parents use to protect their children from negative effects of violence exposure, there is a dearth of research that focuses on the challenges faced by teachers in violent communities. Recognizing the potential for teachers to have a major influence on early adolescents' development, this study addressed a major gap in the literature by examining: 1) the challenges that teachers face in low-income neighborhoods with high community violence; 2) the strategies that teachers use to foster resilience in their students; and 3) the supports that teachers need to more effectively teach and guide youth within violent communities. This qualitative study adopted an ecological/risk and resilience framework. Teachers' voices provided important information about the challenges of teaching in violent neighborhoods and the protective factors within various ecological contexts that help teachers foster youth resilience and maintain their own teaching effectiveness. The investigator recruited 20 teachers from three middle schools with predominantly African American students located in neighborhoods with high violence levels in Maryland. A modified grounded theory approach was used for data analysis. Results revealed that community violence was the central phenomenon affecting teachers in the three schools. Three emergent concepts framed teachers' depiction of their challenges, strategies, and support needs: 1) guidance; 2) structure; and 3) self preservation. Specifically, teachers in violent communities confronted challenges providing youth with guidance and structure, while preserving their own mental health. They employed guidance-related strategies to foster youth resilience; addressed structure in their classrooms, school, and community; and engaged in behaviors to preserve their personal mental health. Finally, teachers expressed needs for support to effectively guide youth; improve school and community structure; and access mental health-related services. The study concludes by discussing implications of the findings for programs and policies, including the need to improve teacher training, school leadership, school security, peer mediation and counseling services, parent education, and community involvement in anti-violence initiatives. Suggestions for future research are also discussed

Teaching Taboo Topics: Menstruation in a Global Context

Inadequate menstrual health education is a global public health issue. An innovative Global Classroom course, Teaching Menstrual Health: Dispelling Myths and Misconceptions, is situated at the intersection of gender, culture, and health. The course engages students from India and the U.S. in project-based learning on menstrual health and misconceptions that impact individuals and communities. Linking the fields of public health and education, students engage in lectures and discussions that address power imbalances and build cultural competency before working collaboratively on projects to address stigma around menstruation. The course was designed to address colonial narratives that marginalize menstruators and undermine women’s health. Student experiences are quoted to demonstrate how the five course development strategies create action for menstrual and reproductive justice