A Pesquisa Científica e a Psicologia

As múltiplas psicologias que pretendem descrever o homem dão a impressão de ser tentativas desordenadas. Elas pretendem se construir a partir das estruturas biológicas e reduzem seu objeto de estudo ao corpo ou o deduzem das funções orgânicas; a pesquisa psicológica não é mais que um ramo da fisiologia (ou de um domínio dela): a reflexologia. Ou então elas são reflexivas, introspectivas, fenomenológicas e o homem é puro espírito. Elas estudam as diversidades humanas e descrevem a evolução da criança, as degradações do louco, a estranheza dos primitivos. Ora elas descrevem o elemento, ora pretendem compreender o todo. Às vezes se ocupam exclusivamente com a forma objetiva do comportamento, outras vezes vinculam as ações à vida interior para explicar as condutas, ou ainda pretendem apreender a existência vivida. Algumas deduzem, outras são puramente experimentais e utilizam estruturas matemáticas como forma descritiva. As psicologias diurnas querem explicar a razão da vida do espírito pelos clarões decisivos da inteligência, enquanto as outras visam as inquietantes profundezas da obscuridade interior. Naturalistas, elas traçam os contornos definitivos do homem; humanistas, reconhecem nele algo de inexplicável. Esta complexidade é, talvez, justamente a nossa. Pobre alma (as psicologias que hesitam sobre seus conceitos não sabem sequer nomeá-la), cercada de técnicas, remexida de questões, posta em formulários, traduzida em curvas. Auguste Comte acreditava, com algumas reservas, que a psicologia era uma ciência ilusória, impossível e a menosprezou. Não somos tão ousados. Apesar de tudo, há psicólogos, e que pesquisam

El poder : cuatro conferencias

1 archivo PDF (74 páginas)Trabajo compuesto por dos series de conferencias que el filósofo francés, Michel Foucault, dictara en Estados Unidos. Las dos primeras aparecieron con el título de "Dos ensayos sobre el sujeto y el poder" en el libro de Hubert Drey-fus y Paul Rabinow "Michel Foucault: un parcours philosophique. Audelá de l'objectivité et de la subjectivité. Avec un entretien et deux essais de Michel Foucault (Gallimard,París, 1984).En cuanto a los textos en torno a la razón de Estado, son traducción de las conferencias que Michel Foucault pronunciara el 10 y el 16 de octubre de 1979 en la Universidad de Stanford. La versión francesa de estas reflexiones fue publicada póstumamente en un número de homenaje que le dedicara al pensador francés la revista Le Débat (núm. 41, sep-nov. de 1986)

Ethical bearings in an Inter-generational Auto/biography: writing in my mother's voice.

"Beatrice Speaking" is an account of three years of my mother’s life (from 1945 to 1948). The narrative is written in the first-person voice of Beatrice, my mother (not, of course, her real name), and is framed by a prologue and epilogue in the first-person voice of one of her children (myself) in the present. I have struggled to find a name for the hybrid offspring that I have produced; intergenerational auto/biography is much closer than any of the alternatives. I want to explain the reason for my difficult decision to tell this story in the first-person narrating voice of Beatrice. To write in my mother’s voice raises ethical problems about appropriation and authenticity; more immediately, for years this was simply an impossibly presumptuous thing for me to do. Using the third-person ‘she’ was the only way to balance my role as writer and creator of the character Beatrice against my sense of intrusion into my mother’s private life. All the writing I did about her earlier life ("Inventing Beatrice") was done in this third-person voice. But when I came to the 1945–1948 period, I became stuck. I had writer’s block. During six months I slowly realised that I had only two choices: I could either use Beatrice’s own first-person voice (being honest and faithful to her letters) or else I would fall silent altogether. I chose the first option, to let Beatrice speak for herself, and started writing again. The biggest leap that this entailed was putting myself into her (Beatrice’s/my mother’s) moral space, living within it and accepting it at the same time as I profoundly rejected at least some of it for myself

Imperatives without imperator

Schmitt’s theologisation of sovereignty has been subjected, 50 years later, to a ‘quarter turn’ by Foucault’s move from issues of domination to issues of government. After a further 30 years, radicalising Foucault, Agamben’s archaeology of economy adds another ‘quarter turn’: the structure that emerges once the old European conjugality of facticity and validity, of praxis and being, emptied of all bonds, links, and loops, gives way to the bare opposition ‘bipolarity’. The new constellation provides the old legal-theoretical (kelsenian) problem of rules unsuspended from a ruler who would authorise them, with a new, unexpected, political content and with a change of epistemic paradigm. Abstract from publisher website at: http://www.springerlink.com/content/r875043667332q76/?p=20359db2f2504c2882f03f03e2c94902&pi=

This progressive production: Agency, durability and keeping it contemporary

This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Performance Research: A Journal of the Performing Arts, 17(5), 71-77, 2012 [copyright Taylor & Francis], available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/13528165.2012.728447.Tino Sehgal is a Berlin based Anglo-German conceptual artist who creates ‘constructed situations’; a process whereby he hands over the delivery of the work to selected ‘interpreters’ or in the case of the Tate Modern (London) 2012 commission, to ‘participants’, who he rehearses and supports to carry out the instructions which embody his vision. Each time a Sehgal work is presented, it is animated by those he has asked and paid to participate, for an audience who are often called upon to engage with a question or conversation. In taking this approach, Sehgal explicitly rejects the idea of the artist as a making of objects. However, unlike the sorts of transitory and ephemeral works of art created in the 1970s which were a deliberate challenge to the commodification of art and by extension the artist, Sehgal constructs situations for other reasons which will be explored in this article. This article will also start to consider how dependence on interpreters or participants extends, transforms or circumscribes authorial control. It will begin to consider the extent to which the construction of live artworks that potentially exceed the life time and certainly the physical presence of the maker represent long-term duration. Does such an approach extend the field of influence and the potential for lasting impact? What impact does duration have on the re-enactor/interpreters capacity to comply with the artist's instructions and what investment do they have in embodying another's artistic vision, particularly if they are required to do so for an extended period of time

Governance and Susceptibility in Conflict Resolution: Possibilities Beyond Control

Governmentality analysis offers a nuanced critique of informal Western conflict resolution by arguing that recently emerged alternatives to adversarial court processes both govern subjects and help to constitute rather than challenge formal regulation. However, this analysis neglects possibilities for transforming governance from within conflict resolution that are suggested by Foucault's contention that there are no relations of power without resistances. To explore this lacuna, I theorise and explore the affective and interpersonal nature of governance in mediation through autoethnographic reflection upon mediation practice, and Levina's insights about the relatedness of selves. The paper argues that two qualitatively different mediator capacities - technical ability and susceptibility - operate in concert to effect liberal governance. Occasionally though, difficulties and failures in mediation practice bring these capacities into tension and reveal the limits of governance. By considering these limits in mediation with Aboriginal Australian people, I argue that the susceptibility of mediator selves contains prospects for mitigating and transforming the very operations of power occurring through conflict resolution. This suggests options for expanded critical thinking about power relations operating through informal processes, and for cultivating a susceptible sensibility to mitigate liberal governance and more ethically respond to difference through conflict resolution

Relinquishing and Governing the Volatile: The Many Afghanistans and Critical Research Agendas of NATO's Governance

This article invites academics and policy analysts to examine the mechanisms and legacy of NATO's security and development governance of Afghan social spaces by using critical theory concepts. It argues that such scholarly endeavors are growing in importance as the United States and NATO gradually pull their troops out of Afghanistan. Thus, the article suggests a broad twofold research agenda. First, it points out that researching social spaces such as towns, villages, marketplaces, and neighborhoods beyond the realm of intergovernmental politics can lead to thick descriptions of how such places have been governed from within by agents external to them. Second, the study argues for a multifaceted examination of instruments, strategies, and institutions of security governance, its conduct and social effects by deploying critical and Foucauldian concepts such as the rationality and apparatuses of power relations. Thereby, it proposes an inquiry into Provincial Reconstruction Teams and Afghan National Security Forces as spatially and temporally specific apparatuses of surveillance and security

The show must go on: making money glamorizing oppression

This article presents an interdisciplinary analysis of the glamorization of the courtesan image as proposed by Baz Luhrmann’s film Moulin Rouge. The film sparked the appearance of high-street fashion inspired by the image of the 19th-century Parisian courtesan, which prompted the authors to examine how and why such images might appeal to female consumers. The critical analysis reaches beyond the images themselves to identify and discuss the modes of circulation of such images, and their function in achieving both the material ends of capitalism (ever-increasing consumption and production) and the promotion of one of the system’s core values (patriarchy). Moreover, the article hopes to illustrate the possibilities offered by integrating cultural and structural analyses of current social phenomena