BIM et SIG : complémentarité et convergence

La continuité digitale est l’objectif à rechercher dans un contexte où les données peuvent désormais être acquises de façon numérique liant un ouvrage à son territoire. Les travaux des différentes institutions largement décrits ici, permettent d’éclairer l’évolution des normes et des formats d’échanges, qui sont la concrétisation des convergences et complémentarités du SIG et du BIM.</jats:p

Rapid response tools for operational management of seismic crisis on a border area: case-study of the Pyrenees

International audienceThe Pyrenees are a 400-km-long mountain range located in southwest Europe along the French–Spanish border, and constitute one of the most earthquake-prone regions of mainland France and Spain.At the “observational” level, the Pyrenean region is monitored by several seismological networks on both sides of the French -Spanish border, counting in total around 120 seismic stations (of different types). Thanks to a progressive decrease of constraints associated to real-time seismology (generalization of low-cost robust data-transfer technologies, continuous increasing of data storage capacities, etc.), a growing proportion of these stations are progressively called to evolve toward real-time data transmission. Moreover, a recent project called “SISPyr” (www.sispyr.eu), involving the main owners of Pyrenean seismic stations, has notably allowed the establishment of a real-time pooling process of Pyrenean seismological data resulting in an improvement of the coverage of the massif.At the “operational” level also, each country has its own civil protection organization as well as specific earthquake crisis plans. However, big earthquakes in the Pyrenees can impact the two (or the three) borders. Moreover, systemic cross-border interactions are multiples (transport network, energy lifelines, hospitals access, cross-border populations, etc.).Rapid response overviewExperience of past earthquakes as well as "earthquake" civil-protection’s exercises underlines the need for crisis managers to have at their disposal rapid-response tools able to assess consequences caused by earthquakes, even for moderate events. SisPyr partnership has developed tools to meet these operational needs, in order to automatically and quickly (15 min) produce maps of seismic ground-motions. These “Shakemaps” integrate both seismological real-time data coming from observatories and internet citizen data (web-questionnaires). Exploratory tracks are also being considered in order to enrich the information feedback from the field by using techniques of "crowd-sourcing", thanks to the use of distributed "citizen" sensors or of social-networks.To go further in taking account operational requirements related to the management of seismic crisis, work is being done in order to provide the authorities with a quick assessment of the human tolls (potential victims or damages, needs for shelters) that may control their actions, structured within reports dedicated to civil-protection teams. Need for geospatial ICT supportMulti-actors contextPyrenean region disposes of several seismological networks on both sides of the Franco-Spanish border: CEA-LDG, OMP and BRGM for the French part (with stations belonging to the Seismic Monitoring National Network – RéNaSS, and to the French Permanent Accelerometric network – RAP), and the Spanish and the Catalan seismological surveys (respectively IGN and ICGC) for the Spanish part. It is also to notice the presence of a broad-band station in Andorra managed by Andorran Studies Institute (IEA). In case of earthquake, several of these institutes produce their own assessment of magnitude/location, while alert itself is assigned in France to CEA-LDG, and in Spain to IGN. At the same time, in case of great earthquakes, international organizations like JRC and CSEM (Europe), and even USGS (US), produces information bulletins, which are not really followed by national/regional crisis management community. Moreover in France Internet citizen data (macroseismic intensities) are collected by another institution, BCSF. In Spain these citizen data are collected both by ICGC and IGN. The Sispyr’s Shakemap system is triggered by alerts coming from IGN (disregarding ones coming from CEA-LDG), and uses IGN, ICGC, OMP and BRGM seismic data, as well as IGN, ICGC and BCSF citizen data. Input data interoperability Due to the multiplicity of data-producers, question of interoperability of input data is critical. Regarding real-time collection of instrumental data, different protocols are used (NAQS, Seedlink and Scream!), corresponding to well-known or accepted “standards” in the scientific community. In any case, the goal was to converge to shakemaps needed input files format and standards. Output data Shakemaps produces intensity maps, as image format or kmz files. This restitution format is not really adapted to crisis managers which work with own GIS platforms. Otherwise, intensity maps are still quite difficult to be interpreted in local-regional crisis management centers, for people which are not familiar with seismic risk. Thus, the incoming step is to produce automatically a “human tolls bulletins” estimating the level of the earthquake according to estimated potential victims or no-shelters populations. These bulletins follow a “light color code”. Red color signification for USGS, European Commission, Spanish and French Civil protection would be the same? Which coherence with other natural risks? (cf. discussions about natural risks zones maps in INSPIRE). Limits-Is Web diffusion of bulletins and maps well adapted for crisis management community?-How communicate in understandable and interoperable way information about outputs’ uncertainties? This issue also questions the notion of responsibility of broadcasters of these data with respect to crisis managers?-In case of significant earthquake, international organizations produce information bulletins, which are not really followed by national/regional crisis management community.-Input data interoperability: de facto standards are used, but are they international or own?-Output data: how to allow reuse of outputs

Integration of European boreholes data and their dissemination through international interoperable standards

International audienceThe Geological information and modelling Thematic Core Service (TCS) of EPOS is designed as an efficient and sustainable access system for geological multi-scale datasets for EPOS. The TCS develops and benefits from the synergy between the existing data infrastructures of the Geological Surveys of Europe (EuroGeoSurveys / EGDI) and the large amount of information produced by the research organizations and the international drilling community. The integration of distributed infrastructure components allows a broad range of resources including: geological maps, borehole data, borehole associated observations (borehole log data, groundwater level, groundwater quality…) and archived information on physical material (samples, cores), geological models (3D, 4D), geohazards, geophysical data such as active seismic data and other analyses of rocks, soils and minerals. In this presentation, we focus on the European Borehole Index and the work done since the beginning of the project, first to specify an interoperable data exchange mechanism based on international standards (such as INSPIRE, OGC) implemented by all TCS data providers. Then to collect this information from the data provider, quality check and disseminate it from the TCS Central Node as a service provider to the EPOS community using the same interoperable standards. We will develop on the problems encountered to manage large amount of data and the solutions we tested and applied. We will present how the Borehole Index was specified in order to guarantee its compliance with INSPIRE European Directive and how the OGC community was engaged to improve and promote technologies for geoscience data description and sharing through its Geoscience Domain Working Group. In addition, we will present expected workflows for the integration of other existing and new data such as 3D/4D models and how our work fits in EPOS system to create an efficient and comprehensive multidisciplinary research platform for the Earth Sciences in Europe and abroad

Scalable Interactive Platform for Geographic Evaluation of Sea-Level Rise Impact Combining High-Performance Computing and WebGIS Client

International audienceAs climate is changing, more applied information on its impacts is required to inform adaptation planning. It is a fact that during the last decade, the amount of information relevant for climate change impact assessment has grown drastically. This can be particularly illustrated in coastal areas, where a most important recent development has been the delivery of precise and accurate topography obtained by LiDAR at regional to national scales. However, these developments have not led to easier assessment of coastal climate change impacts. This is due to both to the complexity of coastal models that also depend on local natural changes and anthropogenic actions and to the difficulty to actually use such large and complex datasets. In this paper, we describe a prototype of web service to quickly communicate spatial information on future flooding along the French coastal zones. We discuss several issues related to data architecture at large scale, on-the-fly (geo)-processing capabilities, management of asynchronous workflows and data diffusion strategies in the context of international standards such as INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe). We believe that our flexible architecture, mainly reusing off-the-shelf components is able to improve both complex scenarios analysis for experts and dissemination of these future coastal changes to the general public

Interaction study between HCV NS5A-D2 and NS5B using 19F NMR

The non structural protein 5A (NS5A) regulates the replication of the hepatitis C viral RNA through a direct molecular interaction of its domain 2 (NS5A-D2) with the RNA dependent RNA polymerase NS5B. Because of conflicting data in the literature, we study here this molecular interaction using fluorinated versions of the NS5A-D2 protein derived from the JFH1 Hepatitis C Virus strain. Two methods to prepare fluorine-labelled NS5A-D2 involving the biosynthetic incorporation of a F-19-tryptophan using 5-fluoroindole and the posttranslational introduction of fluorine by chemical conjugation of 2-iodo-N-(trifluoromethyl)acetamide with the NS5A-D2 cysteine side chains are presented. The dissociation constants (K-D) between NS5A-D2 and NS5B obtained with these two methods are in good agreement, and yield values comparable to those derived previously from a surface plasmon resonance study. We compare benefits and limitations of both labeling methods to study the interaction between an intrinsically disordered protein and a large molecular target by F-19 NMR