Mining cooperatives in Brazil: an overview

In the current literature, cooperatives are commonly linked to a network of contracts or coalition. This is particularly the case of producer owned cooperatives that operate in small business scale such as farmers or diggers which are members of the cooperative. Mining cooperatives wield significant influence over the mining sector. These organizations have been getting increasing importance as powerful actors to support diggers through initiatives and policies to improve small-scale mining activities. In spite of the importance of cooperatives to the local communities and small companies, scientific literature concerning their organization, benefits and barriers are still scarce. The objective of this research was to examine the actual scenario of mining cooperatives in Brazil analyzing how mining cooperatives could be used as a sustainable strategic network into the mining sector in Brazil.The authors would like to thank to CAPES and Science Without Borders scholarship, BEX Process 10.190-13-9 for providing financial support to this research.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Longitudinal and Transverse Wakefields Simulations and Studies in Dielectric-Coated Circular Waveguides

In recent years, there has been a growing interest and rapid experimental progress on the use of e.m. fields produced by electron beams passing through dielectric-lined structures and on the effects they might have on the drive and witness bunches. Short ultra-relativistic electron bunches can excite very intense wakefields, which provide an efficient acceleration through the dielectric wakefield accelerators (DWA) scheme with higher gradient than that in the conventional RF LINAC. These beams can also generate high power narrow band THz coherent Cherenkov radiation. These high gradient fields may create strong instabilities on the beam itself causing issues in plasma acceleration experiments (PWFA), plasma lensing experiments and in recent beam diagnostic applications. In this work we report the results of the simulations and studies of the wakefields generated by electron beams at different lengths and charges passing on and off axis in dielectric-coated circular waveguides. We also propose a semi-analytical method to calculate these high gradient fields without resorting to time consuming simulations

The Crisis of Higher Education : An Economic Approach to Strategic Issues

In this paper, I will examine the current crisis in higher education in the United States by studying the history of the American economy’s effect on colleges and universities, evaluating different existing financial models, and assessing the current and future supply and demand of the industry. Examining trends in population and career/vocational paths across generations will help to better understand the challenges that lie ahead for colleges and university. I will be creating a Cournot model to evaluate how colleges and universities can stay competitive within highly saturated markets and meet prospective students’ financial needs. Many factors are involved in a college’s enrollment strategy that extend beyond pure economics. However, this research intends to provide a base equation for colleges and universities sharing the challenge of decreased enrollment. The goal is that the formula created will prove to be a starting point for colleges to set an enrollment minimum based on only the economic principals of Cournot. This approach requires the college or university to truly examine themselves and their competitors to adjust their offerings with fluctuating class sizes. This research will focus on Elizabethtown College as a case study, using its competitors to create the equation