New patents on topical anesthetics.

Anesthesia is defined as a total or partial loss of sensation and it may be general, local or topical, depending on the method of drug administration and area of the body affected. General anesthesia is a reversible state of unconsciousness produced by anesthetic agents, characterized by amnesia, muscle relaxation and loss of sensitivity to pain of the whole body. General anesthetic drugs can be classified into two main groups according to their predominant molecular pharmacological effects: volatile and intravenous agents. Local anesthesia produce a reversible loss of sensation in a portion of the body and it reversibly block impulse conduction along nerve axons and other excitable membrane. All local anesthetics (LA) are membrane stabilizing drugs; they reversibly decrease the rate of depolarization and repolarization of excitable membranes. They act mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through sodium-specific ion channels in the neuronal cell membrane, in particular the voltage-gated sodium channels. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is inhibited. The main local anesthetic (LA) agents for skin anesthesia are benzocaine (aminoester), prilocaine and lidocaine (aminoamides) which are commercially available as gels, ointments and creams (benzocaine and eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine) or as a bioadhesive (lidocaine) with different compositions (vehicles and excipients) for adults or pediatric use. Topical anesthetics decrease anxiety, pain and discomfort during cutaneous procedures and provide effective analgesia with rapid onset, prolonged duration and minimal side effects. This article outlines the different classes of topical anesthetics available and gives an overview of the mechanism of action, metabolism of each different class, of the possible complications that can occur because of their use and their possible treatment options and new patents. © 2014 Bentham Science Publishers

Overview on topical 5-ALA photodynamic therapy use for non melanoma skin cancers

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) contributes to a variety of skin diseases including inflammation, degenerative aging, and cancer. Historically, humans have been exposed to UV radiation mainly through occupational exposure; recreational UV exposure, however, has increased dramatically in recent years, because of outdoor leisure activities and to purposely tan for cosmetic purposes. Both UVB and UVA radiation have been shown to cause DNA damage and immunosuppression, the important forms of biological damage that lead to NMSC. Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common malignancy, whose public health significance is often unrecognized which continues to grow at an alarming rate, becoming an occupational disease. Available treatments alternative to surgery include photodynamic therapy, electrochemotherapy, cryotherapy, ablative lasers, 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, ingenol mebutate, and diclofenac. Among these, photodynamic therapy is a noninvasive technique with excellent cosmetic outcome and good curative results, when used in initial stages of skin cancers for superficial lesions. It is administered under numerous and significantly varied regimens and there are a wide range of cure rates reported, permitting treatment of large and multiple lesions with excellent cosmetic results. This is an overview of photodynamic applications especially for the treatment of NMSC, with a short focus on daylight modality. © 2014 Carmen Cantisani et al

Ricerca preliminare sui fabbisogni formativi per la definizione della figura professionale del Manager dello sviluppo locale

Indice della ricerca: Introduzione. L'esperienza del Master in International Development: l'azione locale nella prospettiva internazionale. L'evoluzione dell'esperienza. Il Master Operatori allo Sviluppo Gli obiettivi della ricerca. L'analisi di campo Definizione ed interpretazione della figura professionale. Premessa. La dimensione locale dei processi di sviluppo. L'agente di sviluppo: un profilo strattonato. Verso una comunita' professionale? I percorsi formativi della figura professionale. Premessa. La ricognizione dell'offerta formatica post laurea in materia di sviluppo locale. La metodologia. La lettura incrociata dei dati e la comparazione con il Master in Local Development. I percorsi di carriera dei diplomati Master. Premessa. Alcuni casi di successo L'analisi di campo sulla figura professionale del Manager dello sviluppo L'approccio metodologico. L'analisi dei dati. Una lettura dei dati per tipologie di intervistati. La figura professionale del Manager dello sviluppo locale: un tentativo di sintesi. Bibliografi

CISADANE RIVERFRONT SEBAGAI SARANA REKREASI & OLAHRAGA DENGAN PENDEKATAN DESAIN BIOFILIK

Gading Serpong merupakan sebuah kola mandiri yang terletak di Kecamatan Kelapa Dua , Kabupaten Tangerang yang salah satu keunggulannya ialah lengkapnya fasilitas kota. Area ini juga dilewati oleh Sungai Cisadane yang memperindah kawasan, akan tetapi, daerah ini belum diolah dengan baik untuk masyarakat, sehingga masih sebatas area penghijauan . Pada RTRW kota Tangerang tahun 2000-20 I 0, telah ditetapkan kebijaksanaan bahwa sepanjang sungai Cisadane diarahkan sebagai kawasan perlindungan tata air dan surnber air baku, serta dikembangkan sebagai promenade dengan garis sempadan sungai 20 meter. Kebijaksanaan lainnya pun juga untuk mengembangkan daerah sepanjang sungai Cisadane sebagai kawasan wisata , menjadikan daerah kawasan sepanjang sungai sebagai waterfron t city yang akan menjadi ciri kota Tangerang. Didalam Prosiding PKM-CSR, Vol. 3 (2020) e-ISSN: 2655-3570 berjudul "PERENCANAAN RUANO PUBLIK DI AREA TEP! SUNGA! CISADANE " pelaksanaan pembangunan diwujudkan dengan pembuatan jalur pejalan kaki yang menerus sepanjang area sempadan sungai. Namun , basil ini masih jauh dari sempuma dan masih perlu dilakukannya pengembangan dan masukan yang membangun dalam kegiatan selanjutnya atau kegiatan mendatang. Sehingga, untuk mengatasi permasalahan sekaligus potensi ini, diperlukan perencanaan dan pcrancangan tentang Cisadane Riverfront sebagai ruang publik di Gading Serpong, Tangerang , dari pengembangan PKM-CSR , Vol. 3 (2020) tersebut, dengan penekanan konsep Biofilik yang tentunya mempertimbangkan kenyamanan dan kesehatan pengguna

Corrigendum to "Overview on Topical 5-ALA Photodynamic Therapy Use for Non Melanoma Skin Cancers"

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