Bærekraftig tunneldriving - Miljøregnskap for stabilitetssikring og maskinbruk i tunnel

Sammendrag Anleggsbransjen står for store deler av det totale globale klimautslippet. Her må noe gjøres for å kutte utslippene. Veidekke er en av Skandinavias største entreprenører med stor påvirkningskraft og har muligheten til å rette bransjen mot mer klimavennlige valg. Denne oppgaven er skrevet i samarbeid med Veidekke og omhandler temaet klima. Den tar for seg klimagassutslipp ved tunneldriving. Her er målet å finne bidragsyterne til utslippet. Fokusområdene for utslippene er materialene brukt i sikring og drivstoff til maskinene brukt i tunnelen. Veidekke har tildelt et referanseprosjekt for oppgaven. Utslippene skal baseres på UDK01 Skogertunnelen, en 6 km lang bergtunnel lokalisert i Drammen. For å kunne finne de store bidragene til utslippet er det blitt utviklet to klimaregnskap. Et for materialene brukt i stabilitetssikringen på tunnelen og et for drivstoffet brukt på maskinene inne i tunnelen. Her er det hentet data og informasjon fra Veidekke, både regnskap, EPDer og andre nødvendige dokumenter. Klimaregnskapet baseres på mengder og GWP-verdier for de enkelte elementene som skal vurderes. For å kunne tydeliggjøre grafisk hvor utslippene kommer fra er sektordiagram laget for regnskapene. Klimaregnskapet viser hvor de store utslippene ligger. Her er de største driverne betong og biodiesel. Veidekke kan benytte et annet materiale eller kutte mengden betong på prosjektet for å redusere utslippene. Videre kan bedriften også kun operere med elektriske maskiner, noe som vil kutte utslippene drastisk.Abstract The construction industry is accountable for a large amount of the total global greenhouse gas emissions. Something must be done to cut the emissions. Veidekke is one of Scandinavia's largest contractors with great influence and has the opportunity to lead the industry towards more climate friendly choices. This thesis is written in collaboration with Veidekke and the topic is climate and look at the greenhouse gas emissions from tunneling. The goal is to find the biggest contributor to the emissions. The focus areas in this thesis are the materials used in the selected rock support and fuel for the machines used in the tunnel. To solve the question in the thesis, Veidekke has given a reference project. The emissions will be based on the project UDK01 Skogertunnelen, a 6 km long rock tunnel located in Drammen, Norway. In order to find the major contributions to the greenhouse gas emissions, two environmental accounts have been developed. One for the materials used in the rock support in the tunnel and one for the fuel used on the machines inside the tunnel. Data and information have been obtained from Veidekke, also environmental accounts, EPD documents and other necessary documents. The environmental accounts are based on quantities and GWP values for the individual element . To clarify where the emissions come from, a sector diagram has been made from the accounts. The environmental accounts show the largest contributor for the emissions. The result from these accounts shows that the biggest contributor is concrete and biodiesel. Veidekke can use another material or cut the amount of concrete on the project to reduce emissions by choosing another alternative for rock support. Furthermore, the company can also only operate with electrical machines, which will cut emissions drastically

Perfil de niños con asma bronquial atendidos ambulatoriamente en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo

El presente trabajo es un estudio descriptivo, transversal, realizado en el  servicio de consultorio externo de Medicina Pediátrica del Hospital Belén de Trujillo, durante los meses de enero a noviembre del 2010, en 112 niños de 6 a  14 años de edad que fueron atendidos  con diagnóstico de asma bronquial, con el objetivo de conocer sus características epidemiológicas y clínicas.Predominó el sexo masculino, el grupo de edad más frecuente fue el de 6 a 10 años y el 93.8% tuvo diagnóstico previo de asma. El asma en los padres estuvo presente en 33 casos, la rinitis alérgica asociada en el 58%. El 78.6% estuvo expuesto al polvo casero, a un animal con pelaje el 42%, y  en 12/15 casos se encontró exposición a humo de leña. En el 64.3% el tutor conocía de la enfermedad, solo el 10.7% tenía un plan escrito para control de la crisis, al control programado acudió el 23.2% y el 48.2% lo hizo por emergencia. En el 34.8% el motivo de consulta fue el control de una crisis, 66.1% realizaba una adecuada técnica de inhalación, la espirometría se realizó en el 25% y sólo el 2.7% usó flujómetro. El 33% tuvo asma bronquial intermitente leve y el 67% asma persistente, la enfermedad estuvo controlada en el 33.9%.Palabras clave: Asma bronquial, características clínicas, epidemiológicas, niño

Glial cell activation precedes neurodegeneration in the cerebellar cortex of the YG8–800 murine model of Friedreich ataxia

Friedreich ataxia is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder resulting from reduced levels of the protein frataxin due to an expanded GAA repeat in the FXN gene. This deficiency causes progressive degeneration of specific neuronal populations in the cerebellum and the consequent loss of movement coordination and equilibrium, which are some of the main symptoms observed in affected individuals. Like in other neurodegenerative diseases, previous studies suggest that glial cells could be involved in the neurodegenerative process and disease progression in patients with Friedreich ataxia. In this work, we followed and characterized the progression of changes in the cerebellar cortex in the latest version of Friedreich ataxia humanized mouse model, YG8–800 (Fxnnull:YG8s(GAA)>800), which carries a human FXN transgene containing >800 GAA repeats. Comparative analyses of behavioral, histopathological, and biochemical parameters were conducted between the control strain Y47R and YG8–800 mice at different time points. Our findings revealed that YG8–800 mice exhibit an ataxic phenotype characterized by poor motor coordination, decreased body weight, cerebellar atrophy, neuronal loss, and changes in synaptic proteins. Additionally, early activation of glial cells, predominantly astrocytes and microglia, was observed preceding neuronal degeneration, as was increased expression of key proinflammatory cytokines and downregulation of neurotrophic factors. Together, our results show that the YG8–800 mouse model exhibits a stronger phenotype than previous experimental murine models, reliably recapitulating some of the features observed in humans. Accordingly, this humanized model could represent a valuable tool for studying Friedreich ataxia molecular disease mechanisms and for preclinical evaluation of possible therapiesThis study was supported by research grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain (MICINN, grant PID2019-111338RB-I00, Pr. Javier Díaz-Nido), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (PI20/00934, co-funded by Fondo Europeo de Desarollo Regional, FEDER. Dr. Frida Loria) and Association Française de l’Ataxie de Friedreich (AFAF, Dr. Frida Loria), and Ataxia UK small grant (Dr. Saúl Herranz-Martín). Dr. Andrés Vicente-Acosta was supported by a contract from Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (NEUROMETAB-CM, B2017/BMD-3700) and by PI20/00934. Dr. Saúl Herranz-Martín was partially supported by the program Atracción de Talento Investigador (2017-T2/BMD-5323

Sibilancias recurrentes en niños menores de 1 año: Prevalencia, características y factores de riesgo asociados. Hospital Belén de Trujillo

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de  sibilancias recurrentes en el 1er año de vida, características y factores de riesgo asociados, en niños de 12-15 meses atendidos en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo, de Enero a Noviembre del 2011. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal aplicando una encuesta validada por el Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en el Lactante, a 942 padres o cuidadores. Resultados: Presentaron sibilancias 575 niños (61%), siendo varones el 63,3%, procedieron de distritos diferentes a Trujillo en 58,4%. Las sibilancias  fueron recurrentes en 181 niños (31,5%) siendo severas en 5,2%. En  45,7%  se iniciaron en los 3 primeros meses, 100% de sibilantes recurrentes severos tuvieron síntomas nocturnos frecuentes; hubo alta percepción de severidad y de consultas por emergencia (76,2%), hospitalizándose el 26,5%.La mayoría fueron tratados con broncodilatador inhalado y corticoide oral,  pocos  recibieron tratamiento preventivo aunque 80% de niños con sibilancias recurrentes severas tuvo diagnóstico de asma.Tener más de 6 resfríos, antecedente de alergia en piel, contaminación ambiental, antecedente de rinitis y de asma en la madre, fueron factores de riesgo con mayor frecuencia, lactancia materna exclusiva parece ser un factor protector. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de sibilancias recurrentes fue alta y se inicia temprano, muchos tuvieron cuadros severos que ameritaron elevado uso de recursos sanitarios, lo que implica un alto  impacto económico; pocos recibieron terapia preventiva aunque  la mayoría de sibilantes recurrentes severos tuvieron diagnóstico de asma. Los factores asociados más frecuentes fueron los relacionados con condiciones ambientales (exposición a infecciones y alérgenos) y genéticas.Palabras clave: Sibilancias recurrentes, lactante

Long-term effects of maternal diabetes on vascular reactivity and renal function in rat male offspring

Fetal growth impairment can occur in pregnancy complicated by diabetes. Although several studies have focused the effects of nutritional status on intrauterine development, the long-term impact of maternal diabetes on vascular and renal function in the offspring is poorly investigated. in the present study, blood pressure profiles and renal function parameters were investigated in the offspring of diabetic rats (DO). Female rats were made diabetic throughout gestation with a single dose of streptozotocyn (STZ) 10 d before mating. After weaning, the offspring had free access to food and water. Arterial pressure was evaluated every 15 d. Functional and morphometric kidney studies were performed in newborn, 3, 6 and 12-mo-old male rats in DO and in controls, C. Although maternal diabetes did not affect nephron number in the young adult rat, glomerular hypertrophy developed from 3 mo on. Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Plasma Flow were observed to be significantly decreased in DO when compared with C, from 3 mo on. in DO, hypertension was observed from 8 wk on and persisted elevated throughout the experimental period (12 mo). Vascular reactivity, evaluated in mesenteric arterial bed showed a decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in 12-mo-old DO animals, while preserved response to sodium nitroprusside was demonstrated. Our data show that exposure to intrauterine diabetes induced by STZ does not affect nephron number in the young offspring but can cause permanent changes in Nitric Oxide (NO)-related vascular response, which, in turn may accelerate the natural age-related nephron loss.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM, Dept Physiol, BR-04023900 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Dept Pharmacol, BR-0550800 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM, Dept Physiol, BR-04023900 São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Características sociodemográficas e de trabalho do profissional da educação física de academia / Sociodemographic and work characteristics of the physical education professional in fitness centers

Como objetivos foi identificado o perfil do profissional de Educação Fisica e o estilo de vida, utilizou-se de um levantamento bibliográfico e  um questionário. Foram pesquisados 80 profissionais de Educação Física que atuam em academias da zona leste de São Paulo. A maioria dos profissionais era do sexo masculino e tinham em média de 33 anos; trabalhavam dois anos na academia onde foi realizada a pesquisa; 55% obtinham carteira e previdência social. Houve uma prevalência baixa de doenças e lesões. O pentáculo do bem-estar teve um resultado positivo para os indicadores de estilo de vida. É uma profissão recente no mercado, e um dos grandes desafios desta área é o processo de envelhecimento e o plano de carreira. Em média esses profissionais têm 2 empregos e dividem a rotina e seu tempo com outras atividades. Podemos concluir que os profissionais deste estudo são considerados jovens e fisicamente ativos, além de ter poucos problemas de saúde

A physiological concentration of anandamide promotes the migration of human endometrial fibroblast and the interaction with endothelial cells in vitro

The mechanisms that govern fibroblast behavior during the vascular adaptations of the uterus at early pregnancy remain unknown. Anandamide, an endocannabinoid, binds to cannabinoid receptors (CBs), and regulates gestation and angiogenesis. Its tone is regulated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) within the uterus. We investigated the role of anandamide in endometrial fibroblasts migration and whether anandamide modulates fibroblasts-endothelial crosstalk.Fil: Cañumil, Vanesa Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: de la Cruz Borthiry, Fernanda Luz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Scheffer, Frida. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Herrero, Yamila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Scotti, Leopoldina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Bogetti, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Parborell, Maria Fernanda Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Meresman, Gabriela Fabiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Franchi, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Beltrame, Jimena Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Ribeiro, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentin

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

30 años de la constitución de 1991: avances y desafíos en la construcción de nación - Tomo 3

El 4 de julio de 2021 se cumplieron 30 años de la promulgación de la Constitución de 1991: un hecho histórico que marcó el renacer de una Colombia enfrentada a crisis políticas, económicas, sociales, culturales, territoriales, regionales e internacionales. La instauración de un nuevo ordenamiento jurídico se materializó con el objetivo de hacer frente a la debilidad institucional del Estado, la visión centralista y de corto plazo de las élites, la ausencia de procesos de industrialización, la exclusión a minorías sociales y la aparición emergente del narcotráfico y actores armados ilegales. En un 2021 atravesado por la coyuntura de movilizaciones que pugnan por otros enfoques y modos de reorganización político-administrativa, la Constitución de 1991 asume retos de vital importancia: sortear los ataques de fuerzas ideológicas e ilegales que la ven como un obstáculo para sus intereses; defender la pertinencia de sus principios filosóficos y éticos; y demostrar que tiene legitimidad-legalidad de responder a las múltiples demandas sociales que exigen un proyecto de nación más justo, democrático y equitativo. En este libro, resultado de investigación interdisciplinar, se propone un análisis retrospectivo de las trayectorias que han incidido durante estas tres décadas en la configuración de país, y desde una mirada prospectiva, aportar herramientas que evidencien los retos y desafíos que supone la preservación o cuestionamiento de los principios consignados en la carta magna. Se trata al final de la pregunta por la coexistencia en medio de la diferencia: ¿cómo equilibrar las promesas de un Estado social de derechos en los territorios con las presiones globales de modelos económicos depredadores?; ¿cómo articular el bienestar y la lucha por los recursos? Una tensión que seguirá vigente en la medida que se comprenda la importancia de la Constitución como garante de la construcción de las esferas público-privada y su conexión con las (nuevas) ciudadanías