Temporal MCDA Methods for Decision-Making in Sustainable Development Context

Public decision-making problems are more and more complex in a context where decisions have to be made based concurrently on economic, social, and environmental considerations. In this context, decisions need to be evaluated in the short, medium, and long term because their planning horizons are usually of several years or even decades. A literature review on MCDA methods used in the sustainable development (SD) context shows that most MCDA methods used are static and existing research does not propose any aggregation framework for temporal assessment of actions. In the last 5 years, development of temporal MCDA has witnessed the interest of some researchers. However, the latest developments remain limited, and only a few research studies offer aggregation frameworks for multi-period settings. This paper presents two recent temporal MCDA methods that were applied in SD context. The first is MUPOM method which demonstrates how outranking methods, based on concordance-discordance principles, can be generalized to processing temporal impacts of decisions. The second, named PROMETHEE-MP, consists of a multi-period generalization of PROMETHEE under random uncertainty

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The Life Cycle Hypothesis and Uncertainty: Analyzing Aging Savings Relationship in Tunisia

This research empirically checks the effect of uncertainty on aging-saving link that is indirectly captured by an auxiliary variable: the unemployment. It looks at the nexus population aging and savings by bringing out the unemployment context importance in determination saving behavior notably in a setting of unavailability of unemployment allowance. To better estimate population aging, it considers the old-age dependency ratio besides the total dependency one, which is the usually indicator used. Applying the Structural VAR model, the variance decomposition technique and the response impulse function, on Tunisia during 1970–2019, it puts on show that elderly do not dissave in a context of enduring unemployment and unavailability of unemployment allowance. Unemployment is an important factor able to shaping the saving behavior and to distort the life cycle hypothesis’s prediction. Consequently, the life cycle hypothesis cannot be validated under uncertainty. Hence, aging does not to alter savings systematically. The nature of aging-saving relationship is upon to social and economic context

Facial Emotion and Identity Processing Development in 5- to 15-Year-Old Children

Most developmental studies of emotional face processing to date have focused on infants and very young children. Additionally, studies that examine emotional face processing in older children do not distinguish development in emotion and identity face processing from more generic age-related cognitive improvement. In this study, we developed a paradigm that measures processing of facial expression in comparison to facial identity and complex visual stimuli. The three matching tasks were developed (i.e., facial emotion matching, facial identity matching, and butterfly wing matching) to include stimuli of similar level of discriminability and to be equated for task difficulty in earlier samples of young adults. Ninety-two children aged 5–15 years and a new group of 24 young adults completed these three matching tasks. Young children were highly adept at the butterfly wing task relative to their performance on both face-related tasks. More importantly, in older children, development of facial emotion discrimination ability lagged behind that of facial identity discrimination

RISK FACTORS OF PNEUMONIA IN INFANTS AT PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER OF KAMONJI

Background & Objective: Pneumonia is one cause of leanding cause of death in children wordwide, as it is one of the most serious respiratory infections that mostly affect children and high case makes pneumonia the second leading cause of death after diarrhea on children. The number of cases of pneumonia at Kamonji Public Health Center Palu City in 2015 amounted to 495 cases and in 2016 increased to 536 cases. The objective of this research is to find out the risk factors of Pneumonia at the working area of Kamonji Public Health Center Palu. Material and Method: The research type was analytic observational with case control design. Sampling used were accidental sampling and purposive sampling with ratio 1: 2 where case sample counted 80 people and control sample counted 160 people. The data collected through questionnaires by conducting interviews to respondents and performing direct measurements. Result: The results of the research with OR analysis show that nutritional status (OR = 3.857; 95% CI 2.182-6.818), exclusive breasfeeding (OR = 3.039; 95% CI 1.652-5.592) and vitamin A intake (OR = 2,105; 95% CI 1.209 -3,665), is a risk factor of pneumonia occurrence. Gender (OR = 1,357; 95% CI 0,787-2,339) there is no significant relationship. Conclusion: Nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding and intake of vitamin A are risk factors of pneumonia in infants in the Kamonji Public Health Center Palu Cit

Correlation between mri findings and cebrebrospinal pressures in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Background: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) is characterized by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) without identifiable etiology. While Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) often reveals findings such as empty sella turcica, optic nerve abnormalities, and transverse sinus stenosis, their correlation with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure remains unclear. Objective: To investigate the correlation between MRI abnormalities and lumbar opening and closing pressures in patients with IIH. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 21 IIH patients diagnosed using the Modified Dandy Criteria over five years. MRI findings were categorized as normal or abnormal (empty sella, optic nerve abnormalities, and transverse sinus stenosis), and their association with lumbar opening and closing pressures, measured during the initial lumbar puncture, was analyzed using Student's T-test. Results: No statistically significant differences in lumbar opening or closing pressures were observed between patients with normal and abnormal MRI findings (P = 0.605 and P = 0.778, respectively). Similarly, no significant associations were identified for optic nerve abnormalities (P = 0.494 and P = 0.522), venous sinus abnormalities (P = 0.356 and P = 0.370), or empty sella turcica (P = 0.685 and P = 0.591). Conclusion: The study found no significant correlation between MRI findings and CSF pressures in IIH patients. These results align with existing literature, suggesting that MRI findings alone may not adequately predict CSF pressure levels. Alternative diagnostic methods, such as optical coherence tomography, may be more sensitive in detecting early optic nerve abnormalities

Creating and Completing Service-Learning within Medical School Curricula: From the Learner’s Perspective

Background: This article describes a service-learning project implemented at local free clinics by students at the Ohio State University College of Medicine and identifies key factors in their success. Methods: In response to a lack of longitudinal patient-physician relationships at free clinics, the students developed an initiative linking free clinic patients with diabetes to primary care homes for longitudinal care and counseled patients on the benefits of establishing a longitudinal relationship with a primary care physician. Results: All patients counseled were linked, compared to a historical 10% linkage rate, and 78% of patients scheduling initial appointments. Five factors were identified and listed by the students as key to the project’s process, success, and impact. Conclusion: Although all of these listed factors may prove difficult to replicate, this case-study serves as a model for other medical schools incorporating service-learning and exhibits that medical students can become integral portions of healthcare infrastructure

Uncertainty in three dimensions: the challenges of communicating probabilistic flood forecast maps

Real-time operational flood forecasting most often concentrates on issuing streamflow predictions at specific points along the rivers of a watershed. However, we are now witnessing an increasing number of studies aimed at also including flood mapping as part of the forecasting system. While this additional new information (flood extent, depth, velocity, etc.) can potentially be useful for decision-makers, it could also be overwhelming. This is especially true for probabilistic and ensemble forecasting systems. While ensemble streamflow forecasts for a given point in space can be visualized relatively easily, the visualization and communication of probabilistic forecasts for water depth and extent pose additional challenges. Confusion typically arises from too much information, counterintuitive interpretation, or simply too much complexity in the representation of the forecast. The communication and visualization of probabilistic streamflow forecasts has been studied in the past, but this is not the case for the probabilistic flood forecast map, which is still an emerging product. In this paper, we synthesize the results of a large-scale survey (28 government representatives, 52 municipalities, 9 organizations, and 38 citizens and farmers, for a total of 140 people) regarding the users' preferences in terms of visualizing probabilistic flood forecasts over an entire river reach. The survey was performed through interviews, during which the interviewees were asked about their needs in terms of hydrological forecasting. We also presented the interviewees with four prototypes representing alternative visualizations of the same probabilistic forecast in order to understand their preferences in terms of colour maps, wording, and the representation of uncertainty. Our results highlight several issues related to the understanding of probabilities in the specific context of visualizing forecasted flood maps. We propose several suggestions for visualizing probabilistic flood maps and also describe potential adaptations for different categories of end users. This study is the first to investigate the visualization of probabilistic flood maps, which are gaining popularity. Given that the interview questions were not tied to a specific geographical location, our findings are applicable outside of the study area and, therefore, to other operational centres interested in providing probabilistic flood forecast maps to decision-making organizations and citizens.</p

MENCIPTAKAN KEUNGGULAN KOMPETITIF BERKELANJUTAN UMKM KULINER UNTUK MENGHADAPI ERA VUCA DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19

Today, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are facing the VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) era with an uncertain, fast-changing business environment, as well as opportunities and threats that are difficult to control, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The failure of MSMEs to adapt to the VUCA era will threaten sustainable competitiveness. This article aims to measure the influence of entrepreneurial principles using the Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) variable as an antecedent of Sustainable Competitive Advantage. The population in this study is a culinary business that participates in Business Development Services in Pekanbaru. Based on Slovin's formula, the number of samples needed is 55 people. The data analysis process uses the SEM method through the Partial Least Square approach. Based on the analysis results, culinary MSMEs in Pekanbaru have implemented all dimensions of EO as a strategy to exploit opportunities that arise in the market to face of the VUCA era. The results of data processing through SEM-PLS method, one of the EO dimensions, namely risk-taking, gets a weak significance or probability value. This proves that MSMEs have not optimized all their resources to transform digitally, innovate and explore creative ideas, and they have not optimally experimented to gain market opportunities.Saat ini, Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah menghadapi era VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) dengan lingkungan bisnis yang tidak pasti, cepat berubah, serta peluang dan ancaman yang sulit dikendalikan, terutama saat pandemi COVID-19. Kegagalan UMKM untuk beradaptasi di era VUCA akan mengancam daya saing yang berkelanjutan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengukur pengaruh prinsip kewirausahaan dengan menggunakan variabel Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) sebagai anteseden Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pelaku usaha kuliner yang mengikuti Business Development Services (BDS) di Pekanbaru. Berdasarkan rumus Slovin, jumlah sampel yang dibutuhkan adalah 55 orang. Analisis data menggunakan metode SEM melalui pendekatan Partial Least Square. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, UMKM kuliner di Pekanbaru telah mengimplementasi semua dimensi EO sebagai strategi memanfaatkan peluang yang muncul di pasar untuk menghadapi era VUCA. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukan salah satu dimensi EO yaitu risk-taking mendapatkan nilai signifikansi atau probabilitas yang lemah, artinya UMKM belum mengoptimalkan seluruh sumber dayanya untuk bertransformasi secara digital, berinovasi dan  bereksperimen secara optimal untuk mendapatkan peluang pasar