Neutron irradiation of coated conductors

Various commercial coated conductors were irradiated with fast neutrons in order to introduce randomly distributed, uncorrelated defects which increase the critical current density, Jc, in a wide temperature and field range. The Jc-anisotropy is significantly reduced and the angular dependence of Jc does not obey the anisotropic scaling approach. These defects enhance the irreversibility line in not fully optimized tapes, but they do not in state-of-the-art conductors. Neutron irradiation provides a clear distinction between the low field region, where Jc is limited by the grain boundaries, and the high field region, where depinning leads to dissipation

Calculation of coercivity of magnetic nanostructures at finite temperatures

We report a finite temperature micromagnetic method (FTM) that allows for the calculation of the coercive field of arbitrary shaped magnetic nanostructures at time scales of nanoseconds to years. Instead of directly solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, the coercive field is obtained without any free parameter by solving a non linear equation, which arises from the transition state theory. The method is applicable to magnetic structures where coercivity is determined by one thermally activated reversal or nucleation process. The method shows excellent agreement with experimentally obtained coercive fields of magnetic nanostructures and provides a deeper understanding of the mechanism of coercivity.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

The Effects of HB1519 Funding on Early Childhood Programs

Includes bibliographical reference.In 1998, the Missouri Legislature created the Early Childhood Care and Education Fund (HB1519). The Department of Elementary and Secondary Education and the Department of Social Services funded a three-year study that evaluated the development and care of children participating in programs across the state that were supported by HB1519 funds compared to children participating in programs that did not receive funding. Program quality was evaluated using the Infant-Toddler Environmental Rating Scale, the Family Daycare Environmental Rating Scale and the Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale-Revised. Furthermore, the intellectual abilities of children who attended high quality programs were compared to the abilities of children who attended programs of lower quality using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the Woodcock-Johnson Test of Cognitive Abilities.Funded by the Missouri Department of Social Services and the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education

Network Structure and User Roles of a Crowdsourcing Community – The Context of Social Innovations for a Development Project

The principles of crowdsourcing are increasingly applied in social contexts like development projects. In this study we explore a crowdsourcing community, which aims to enhance conditions in low income communities. We investigate the network structures of the community and detect behavioral pattern and user roles based on participation behavior for this specific context. Overall, the observed community shows a high level of collaboration and reciprocal dialogue. On the individual level we located four different user roles distinct in their interaction and contribution behavior. So called “collaborators” are considered as unique user role in an online community within a social context. We contribute to the theory of crowdsourcing by illustrating that context and purpose of crowdsourcing initiatives may influence the behavioral pattern of users. Further we add insights to the junctures between crowdsourcing and social innovation in the context of open development

PERAN SENI DIDONG DALAM PENDIDIKAN POLITIK (TELAAH TERHADAP PESAN-PESAN DALAM SYAIR SENI DIDONG GAYO DI KAB ACEH TENGAH

Kehidupan manusia dalam setiap bangsa dan kelompok sosial masyarakat mempunyai ciri kebudayaan, dari kebudayaan yang ada di nusantara salah satunyaseni Didong, yaitu salah satu kesenian tradisional khas masyarakat Gayo berupa perpaduan antara seni suara, sastra dengan syair sebagai unsur utamanya. Kesenian Didong juga menempatkan dirinya sebagai mediator antara pemerintah dengan rakyat adalah berdasarkan eksistensi kesenian ini Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kedudukan, peran dan fungsi Didong sebagai pendidikan politik dalam menyampaikan pesan pendidikan politik kepada masyarakat, untuk mengetahui tema yang ditonjolkan dalam syair seni didong Gayo dalam menyampaikan pesan politik kepada masyarakat.Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif diskriftif. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh syair seni Didong yang telah dipublikasikan dalam bentuk kaset rekaman dan Visual Compak Dis (vcd). Keseluruhan populasi penelitian diambil 10 syair, dan dikumpulkan untuk kemudian ditulis dalam bentuk, teks, dibaca, dipahami dan dianalisis. Untuk memperkaya dan ketajaman hasil akhir, peneliti juga mengkaji sejumlah referensi yang dianggap mempunyai relevansi dan mendukung penelitian.Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa (I) peran dan fungsi Didong Gayo sebagai pendidikan/sosialisasi politik kepada masyarakat daerah tengah sangatlah kuat diantaranya adalah sebagai sarana dalam menyampaikan pesan politik (2).Syair Didong Gayo pada tahun 2005 dan tahun 2006 secara keseluruhan menunjukkan tema yang pariatif. Di antara tema tersebut adalah tentang sosialisasi, perdamaian pembangunan, sosial budaya masyarakat. Dengan berbagai peran dan fungsi yang terdapat dalam seni Didong Gayo dandengan kemajuan teknologi komunikasi serta maraknya media masa dalam kehidupan masyarakat selayaknya mendapat perhatian dari semua pihak dalam pelestarian dan pengembangannya di masa yang akan datang.Kata Kunci: Seni Didong, Pendidikan Politik

How Text Mining Algorithms for Crowdsourcing Can Help Us to Identify Today's Pressing Societal Issues

Crowdsourcing is increasingly applied in the area of open development with the goal to find solutions for today’s pressing societal issues. To solve such wicked problems, manifold solutions need to be found and applied. In contrast to this, most recent research in crowdsourcing focuses on the few winning ideas, ignoring the sheer amount of content created by the community. In this study we address this issue by applying an automated text mining technique to analyze the ideas contributed by the crowd in an initiative tackling plastic pollution. We show that automated text mining approaches reveal numerous possibilities to make use of the so far unused content of IT enabled collaboration projects. We further add insights into how our findings can help researchers and practitioners to accelerate the solution process for today’s pressing societal issues

Mutual position plausibility checking in flying ad-hoc networks using distance measurements

In this paper we present an approach to check the plausibility of UAV positions based on independent distance estimations between the nodes in a flying ad-hoc network (FANET) built up by the UAVs. To achieve this, we define a set of data messages that are flooded throughout the network by each node and that are used to derive a situational overview if received at a particular UAV. Based on the received data, distances between the nodes within the FANET can be estimated both from GNSS position readings as well as from time of flight information additionally provided in the data messages. The difference of both values can be used as an indicator to thereby classify edges and nodes of the FANET as plausible or implausible. In our work, we derive appropriate thresholds for the deviation of both measurements as well as a trust score for each node based on the plausibility values of adjacent edges. To showcase our approach, we apply it to an air traffic scenario based on drone package delivery in urban environments and simulate the data traffic in the resulting FANET resulting from the data messages we defined. We show, that our approach yields reasonable results for the evaluated scenario

Computer Aided Design and Grading for an Electronic Functional Programming Exam

Electronic exams (e-exams) have the potential to substantially reduce the effort required for conducting an exam through automation. Yet, care must be taken to sacrifice neither task complexity nor constructive alignment nor grading fairness in favor of automation. To advance automation in the design and fair grading of (functional programming) e-exams, we introduce the following: A novel algorithm to check Proof Puzzles based on finding correct sequences of proof lines that improves fairness compared to an existing, edit distance based algorithm; an open-source static analysis tool to check source code for task relevant features by traversing the abstract syntax tree; a higher-level language and open-source tool to specify regular expressions that makes creating complex regular expressions less error-prone. Our findings are embedded in a complete experience report on transforming a paper exam to an e-exam. We evaluated the resulting e-exam by analyzing the degree of automation in the grading process, asking students for their opinion, and critically reviewing our own experiences. Almost all tasks can be graded automatically at least in part (correct solutions can almost always be detected as such), the students agree that an e-exam is a fitting examination format for the course but are split on how well they can express their thoughts compared to a paper exam, and examiners enjoy a more time-efficient grading process while the point distribution in the exam results was almost exactly the same compared to a paper exam.Comment: In Proceedings TFPIE 2023, arXiv:2308.0611

Fighting the wicked problem of plastic pollution and its consequences for developing regions with expert and crowd solutions

The wicked problem of plastic pollution is one of the key global challenges. Finding adequate solutions to this complex problem requires cross-cultural and inter-organizational collaboration among diverse sets of stakeholders. In this context, the Ellen Mac Arthur Foundation approaches the problem of plastic pollution not only by involving experts into innovation processes but also by integrating the general public in form of an IT enabled crowdsourcing initiative. In this study, we analyze the outcomes of these actions with the help of automated text mining techniques. Our analysis demonstrates significant differences between the solutions given by experts and the crowd along various criteria. Further, this study provides guidance for practitioners on how to integrate diverse sets of individuals in problem solving processes with the help of information systems technologies. Especially for sustainability issues affecting both, developed and developing regions