On Sensitivity of Compact Directed Acyclic Word Graphs

Compact directed acyclic word graphs (CDAWGs) [Blumer et al. 1987] are a fundamental data structure on strings with applications in text pattern searching, data compression, and pattern discovery. Intuitively, the CDAWG of a string $T$ is obtained by merging isomorphic subtrees of the suffix tree [Weiner 1973] of the same string $T$, thus CDAWGs are a compact indexing structure. In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of CDAWGs when a single character edit operation (insertion, deletion, or substitution) is performed at the left-end of the input string $T$, namely, we are interested in the worst-case increase in the size of the CDAWG after a left-end edit operation. We prove that if $e$ is the number of edges of the CDAWG for string $T$, then the number of new edges added to the CDAWG after a left-end edit operation on $T$ is less than $e$. Further, we present almost matching lower bounds on the sensitivity of CDAWGs for all cases of insertion, deletion, and substitution.Comment: This is a full version of the paper accepted for WORDS 202

Experimental investigation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser perforation as a potential skin pretreatment for sugar infusion process of frozen blueberries

The purpose of this research was to examine the feasibility of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser perforation and its potential utilization as a novel skin pretreatment for the sugar infusion process of IQF (individually quick frozen) blueberries. In the first study, IQF blueberries were treated with varying degrees of laser perforation (i.e., 3 levels of perforation density x 3 levels of perforation depth = 9 treatment combinations) and then subjected to stepwise sugar infusion using low solution concentration increments (5 °Brix/day) to a final °Brix of 70 with a high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) solution. The effects of the perforation density: depth combinations were evaluated against a traditional mechanical treatment in terms of fruit weight change and final product characteristics. A clear, systematic tendency of increasing final fruit weight was observed as the two perforation parameters were increased. The increase in the two parameters also contributed to producing infused blueberries that were maintaining the original shape and appearance with reduced product shrinkage and texture hardening as a result of enhanced solute impregnation. Due to the invasive nature of the treatment, blueberries that were subjected to the mechanical treatment showed considerable rupture at the end of the infusion process. The second study was carried out under a sugar infusion condition using higher solution concentration increments (10, 20 and 30 °Brix/day). Due to the increased osmotic gradient, the time required for the fruit to reach the target soluble solid content (70 ± 0.5 °Brix) was markedly shortened. A systematic increase in the final fruit weight with increasing perforation density and depth was again observed. However, only the fruit that was subjected to the greatest laser perforation exhibited promoted solute gain, thereby attaining a moderate final process yield with reduced product shrinkage. Overall, the results of the two studies demonstrate the ability of CO₂ laser perforation as a non-contact, minimally invasive skin pretreatment for the sugar infusion of frozen blueberries that significantly enhances solute impregnation, leading to improved process yield, process efficiency, and final product quality

Methionine and Glycine Stabilize Mitochondrial Activity in Sake Yeast During Ethanol Fermentation

Dodatak aminokiselina u fermentacijsku podlogu utječe na rast i aktivnost kvasca, a zadržavanje aktivnosti mitohondrija tijekom alkoholnog vrenja je kritično za aktivnost pivskog kvasca. Međutim, mehanizam djelovanja aminokiselina u fermentacijskoj podlozi i njihov utjecaj na aktivnost mitohondrija pivskog kvasca tijekom vrenja još uvijek nije poznat. U ovom radu smo utvrdili da aminokiseline u fermentacijskoj podlozi, osobito metionin i glicin, stabiliziraju aktivnost mitohondrija kvasca tijekom proizvodnje pića sake. Pomoću mutanta atg32△, koji ima narušenu aktivnost mitohondrija, istražili smo aminokiseline koje povećavaju aktivnost mitohondrija kvasca tijekom vrenja. Identificirali smo metionin i glicin kao aminokiseline koje bi mogle povećati aktivnost mitohondrija kvasca tijekom proizvodnje pića sake. Da bismo to potvrdili, izmjerili smo količinu reaktivnih oblika kisika u kvascu nakon vrenja u podlozi s metioninom i glicinom. Kvasac koji je fermentirao u podlozi s metioninom i glicinom zadržao je relativno veliku količinu reaktivnih oblika kisika u usporedbi s kvascem koji je fermentirao u podlozi bez dodatka aminokiselina. Osim toga, stanice koje su fermentirale u podlozi s dodatkom metionina imale su različit metabolom od stanica koje su fermentirale u podlozi bez dodatka aminokiseline. Rezultati pokazuju da određene aminokiseline, poput metionina i glicina, stabiliziraju aktivnost mitohondrija kvasca tijekom proizvodnje pića sake i na taj način upravljaju aktivnošću kvasca.Addition of amino acids to fermentation media affects the growth and brewing profiles of yeast. In addition, retaining mitochondrial activity during fermentation is critical for the fermentation profiles of brewer’s yeasts. However, a concrete mechanism linking amino acids in fermentation media with mitochondrial activity during fermentation of brewer’s yeasts is yet unknown. Here, we report that amino acids in fermentation media, especially methionine (Met) and glycine (Gly), stabilize mitochondrial activity during fermentation of sake yeast. By utilizing atg32Δ mutant sake yeast, which shows deteriorated mitochondrial activity, we screened candidate amino acids that strengthened the mitochondrial activity of sake yeast during fermentation. We identified Met and Gly as candidate amino acids that fortify mitochondrial activity in sake yeast during fermentation. To confirm this biochemically, we measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in sake yeast fermented with Met and Gly. Yeast cells supplemented with Met and Gly retained high ROS levels relative to the non-supplemented sake yeast. Moreover, Met-supplemented cells showed a metabolome distinct from that of non-supplemented cells. These results indicate that specific amino acids such as Met and Gly stabilize the mitochondrial activity of sake yeast during fermentation and thus manipulate brewing profiles of yeast

審査論文 子ども手当の経済効果

本稿では、子ども手当のGDPに対するマクロ経済効果として乗数分析を行い、出生率に対するミクロ経済効果として家計内生産理論モデルによる子どもに対する需要関数の分析を行った。またデータ分析を行い、理論による分析を補足した。　GDPに対するマクロ経済効果としては、消費拡大効果はあるものの、子ども手当の財源確保のために政府消費削減、公共投資削減、増税などが伴えば、GDPにはマイナスの効果をもたらすことが分かった。　また、出生率に対するミクロ経済効果としては、子どもへの需要を増加させる効果はあるが、子ども手当が生涯所得に与える影響が小さければその効果は小さいと考えられることと、子どもへの需要が増加しても出生率は変わらず子ども一人当たりの支出を増加させる可能性もあることが分かった。　データによる分析では、期待される生涯賃金が減少していることや女性非正社員の賃金の低さが出生率の低下につながっていると考えられることが分かった。したがって、子ども手当の支給よりも、保育サービスの提供や保育料負担軽減などを行った方が所得を増加させ出生率増加につながるのではないかと考えられる

A Study on Changes in Children’s Self-evaluation ― Through Classroom Practice Based on Universal Design for Learning (UDL) ―

journal articl

A Study on the Multilateralism in Emerging Countries

明治大学博士（商学）doctoral thesi

The Transition of International Economic Order and the New Multilateralism in Emerging Countries

departmental bulletin pape

Soft magnetic properties of Ni–Cr and Co–Cr alloy thin films electrodeposited from aqueous solutions containing trivalent chromium ions and glycine

Ferromagnetic Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloy thin films were electrodeposited from aqueous solution containing trivalent chromium ( Cr3+) ions and glycine. According to the Tafel slopes obtained from the cathode polarization curves for Ni-Cr and Co-Cr alloy deposition, it was estimated that Cr3+ ions inhibited Ni2? and Co2? ions from electrodepositing. Ni and Co preferentially electrodeposited rather than Cr and the electrodeposition process of Ni-Cr and Co-Cr was categorized to "normal co-deposition type." At the cathode potential of -1.8 V versus Ag/AgCl/KCl sat., Ni-9.5 %Cr and Co-8.4 %Cr alloy deposits were obtained. X-ray diffraction patterns of the electrodeposits revealed that pure Ni and pure Co consist of large crystal grains, while Ni-9.5 %Cr and Co-8.4 %Cr alloys were composed of a solid solution phase with fine crystal grains. Magnetization of Ni-9.5 %Cr and Co-8.4 %Cr alloy thin films with fine crystalline phase reached to saturation at ca. 2.5 kOe in perpendicular direction to the film plane, while pure Ni and pure Co thin film with large crystal grains were hardly magnetized in the perpendicular direction. Soft magnetic properties were improved with increasing Cr content in the deposits