Development of techniques and associated instrumentation for high temperature emissivity measurements Quarterly progress report, 30 Sep. - 31 Dec. 1970

Emittance measurement techniques for space shuttle materials in high temperature environmental simulatio

Radiative properties of advanced spacecraft heat shield materials

Experimental results are presented to show the effects of simulated reentry exposure by convective heating and by radiant heating on spectral and total emittance of statically oxidized Inconel 617 and Haynes HS188 superalloys to 1260 K and a silicide coatea (R512E) columbium 752 alloy to 1590 K. Convective heating exposures were conducted in a supersonic arc plasma wind tunnel using a wedge-shaped specimen configuration. Radiant tests were conducted at a pressure of .003 atmospheres of dry air at a flow velocity of several meters per second. Convective heating specimens were subjected to 8, 20, and 38 15-min heating cycles, and radiant heating specimens were tested for 10, 20, 50, and 100 30-min heating cycles. Changes in radiative properties are explained in terms of changes in composition resulting from simulated reentry tests. The methods used to evaluate morphological, compositional and crystallographic changes include: Auger electron spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction analysis; and electron microprobe analysis

Development of techniques and associated instrumentation for high temperature emissivity measurements

The calibrating and testing procedures for the radiometric emittance measurement apparatus are described. Test results are given for the NBS platinum-rhodium standard (SRM No. 1409), the NBS oxidized Kanthal standard, and the oxidized Rene 41 materials. Results indicate that with the platinum-rhodium standard the measurement system compared with the NBS data to within 0.02 for both total and spectral normal emitttance. Data from the Kanthal strip was consistently higher than NBS values. For oxidized Rene 41, no significant changes in as prepared emittance was observed. The emittance was stable for temperatures up to 1150 K

Usability Evaluation of an Online Resource Designed to Help Educators Recognize and Respond Appropriately to a Concussion

Abstract: Concussions are serious brain injuries that can significantly influence the brain's ability to function at its normal capacity. Following a concussion, it is common for students to experience difficulties in the classroom. If unrecognized and untreated, these problems have the potential to significantly impact the student's academic career as a whole. By understanding concussive neurological issues, educators can use their expertise to create flexible, temporary, and fluid academic adjustments allowing the student to continue to learn during recovery from a concussion. A private school on Oahu created a website to provide instruction and resources for educators to help them to recognize and respond appropriately to a concussion. This usability study evaluated the content and organization of the website. Usability participants navigated the website to complete four tasks that the target audience might encounter. Content and navigation of the website were well received and feedback for improved ease-of-use was discussed.Technology and Distance Program

Muscle lipogenesis balances insulin sensitivity and strength through calcium signaling

Exogenous dietary fat can induce obesity and promote diabetes, but endogenous fat production is not thought to affect skeletal muscle insulin resistance, an antecedent of metabolic disease. Unexpectedly, the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS) was increased in the skeletal muscle of mice with diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Skeletal muscle–specific inactivation of FAS protected mice from insulin resistance without altering adiposity, specific inflammatory mediators of insulin signaling, or skeletal muscle levels of diacylglycerol or ceramide. Increased insulin sensitivity despite high-fat feeding was driven by activation of AMPK without affecting AMP content or the AMP/ATP ratio in resting skeletal muscle. AMPK was induced by elevated cytosolic calcium caused by impaired sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity due to altered phospholipid composition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), but came at the expense of decreased muscle strength. Thus, inhibition of skeletal muscle FAS prevents obesity-associated diabetes in mice, but also causes muscle weakness, which suggests that mammals have retained the capacity for lipogenesis in muscle to preserve physical performance in the setting of disrupted metabolic homeostasis

Chapter 1: Historical Underpinnings of Public Administration

In the late 19th century, a scientific feud of epic proportions commenced between Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison over electrical systems. Patents, bragging rights, and legacies were all on the line as the intellectual battle raged between Tesla’s alternating-current (AC) versus Edison’s direct-current (DC) electrical systems. Even today, any diehard science geek holds an opinion on whether Tesla or Edison was the real Father of Invention. In much the same way, the field of public administration has a complicated and conflicted genealogy