1,360 research outputs found

    Análisis de interacciones de letalidad sintética (SL) en cáncer y predicción de tratamientos

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    Trabajo fin de máster en Bioinformática y Biología ComputacionalEl tratamiento de tumores de forma dirigida todavía supone un desafío en la investigación contra el cáncer. Con el descubrimiento del fenómeno conocido como adicción oncogénica, basado en el concepto de que existen tumores cuya supervivencia depende de (o son adictos a) ciertos genes o rutas biológicas, se produjo un cambio de paradigma en el campo del desarrollo de fármacos antineoplásicos, ahora más dirigido hacia lo que conocemos como medicina personalizada. La idea de medicina personalizada surge de la dependencia que existe entre la eficacia de una terapia y la presencia de determinadas alteraciones genéticas, y busca desarrollar fármacos que actúen sobre dianas específicas del tumor. Pero pese a ser una de las líneas de investigación más importantes para el tratamiento de la enfermedad, de momento sólo ha demostrado ser efectiva en tumores muy determinados y la mayoría de pacientes tienen que recurrir a terapias tradicionales. Una de las estrategias más prometedoras para la mejora y el desarrollo de terapias anticáncer está basada en la explotación de dependencias secundarias, no necesariamente oncogénicas, conocidas como interacciones de letalidad sintética (SL). Se sabe que las células cancerígenas tienen mecanismos de compensación que les ayudan a sobrevivir en el caso de acumular mutaciones en genes críticos, desarrollando dependencias para con dichos genes en muchos de estos casos. El concepto de letalidad sintética surge con la finalidad de aprovechar estas compensaciones y así afectar la viabilidad de la célula tumoral. Utilizando pruebas de detección masivas a lo largo de paneles de líneas celulares tumorales, algunos grupos de investigación han explorado los efectos del silenciamiento de genes y su relación con el comportamiento fenotípico de la célula, detectando dependencias en células cancerígenas. En este proyecto, hemos integrado la información recogida en diversas bases de datos dedicadas a la recolección de interacciones de letalidad sintética, con información de mutaciones puntuales, alteraciones en número de copia y silenciamiento génico. 9 A partir de este análisis se han podido identificar nuevas dianas terapéuticas y biomarcadores predictivos de respuesta en cáncer. En concreto, hemos partido de más de 16 mil interacciones de letalidad sintética y analizado aquellas con opciones terapéuticas disponibles (un 34% del total). La exploración de estas interacciones nos ha llevado a la obtención de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas que involucran a oncogenes sin disponibilidad de tratamientos dirigidos como KRAS o genes supresores de tumores como BRCA. Además, nos ha ayudado a profundizar en los mecanismos biológicos que se encuentran detrás de estos eventos. Para completar ese análisis será necesario integrar más fuentes de información como datos de expresión, metilación, así como explorar los efectos de la inhibición farmacológica de estas dianas. Añadiendo la estrategia de letalidad sintética a las ya existentes, podemos avanzar en la definición de los subtipos de cáncer y su tratamiento mediante terapias dirigida

    Fermi-Bose Transmutation for Stringlike Excitations of Maxwell-Higgs Systems

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    We show that a closed Nielsen-Olesen string in presence of a point scalar source exhibits the phenomenon of Fermi-Bose transmutation. This provides physical support to previous claims about transmutation between bosonic and fermionic one-dimensional structures in (3+1) dimensions. In order to render the computations mathematically rigorous we have resorted to an Euclidean lattice regularization.Comment: 9 pages, LATEX fil

    Functionalized Dialdehydes as Promising Scaffolds for Access to Heterocycles and beta-Amino Acids: Synthesis of Fluorinated Piperidine and Azepane Derivatives

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    Functionalized dialdehydes are considered important substrates, which may be transformed into various substituted heterocycles, alicyclic and polysubstituted compounds. Here we report a robust stereocontrolled procedure for the synthesis of novel functionalized trifluoromethyl-containing piperidine and azepane derivatives, based on oxidative ring cleavage of the C=C bond of diversely substituted cycloalkenes, followed by reductive ring closure of the diformyl intermediates in the presence of fluorine-containing amines

    Statistical transmutation of quantum bosonic strings coupled to general four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory

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    A bosonic string coupled to the generalized Chern-Simons theory in 3+1D acquires a magnetic field along itself, when it is closed, and a topological charge at its extremity, when it is open. We construct the creation operators for the full quantum field states associated to these strings and determine the dual algebra satisfied by them. We show that the creation operator fo the composite state of a quantum closed bosonic string, bearing a magnetic flux, and a topologically charged open bosonic string, possesses generalized statistics. The relation of our results with previous approaches to the problem is also established.Comment: 4 pages, Revtex

    An efficient synthesis of new fluorinated uracil derivatives

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    A series of potentially biologically active fluorinated uracil derivatives has been prepared in three steps from oxazolines and fluorinated nitriles with good chemical yields.Fustero Lardies, Santos, [email protected] ; Sanz Cervera, Juan Francisco, [email protected] ; Asensio Martinez, Amparo, [email protected]

    Topological Sectors and Gauge invariance in massive Vector-Tensor Theories in D >=4

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    A family of locally equivalent models is considered. They can be taken as a generalization to d+1d+1 dimensions of the Topological Massive and ``Self-dual'' models in 2+1 dimensions. The corresponding 3+1 models are analized in detail. It is shown that one model can be seen as a gauge fixed version of the other, and their space of classical solutions differs in a topological sector represented by the classical solutions of a pure BF model. The topological sector can be gauged out on cohomologically trivial base manifolds but on general settings it may be responsible of the difference in the long distance behaviour of the models. The presence of this topological sector appears explicitly in the partition function of the theories. The generalization of this models to higher dimensions is shown to be straightfoward.Comment: 15 pages in LaTeX. This is a revised version. The BRST invariant covariant effective action and partition function for the 3+1 BF theory are explicity calculated, static solutions for special sources of the Proca and TM model are included and compared, some references adde

    Interacting Particles and Strings in Path and Surface Representations

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    Non-relativistic charged particles and strings coupled with abelian gauge fields are quantized in a geometric representation that generalizes the Loop Representation. We consider three models: the string in self-interaction through a Kalb-Ramond field in four dimensions, the topological interaction of two particles due to a BF term in 2+1 dimensions, and the string-particle interaction mediated by a BF term in 3+1 dimensions. In the first case one finds that a consistent "surface-representation" can be built provided that the coupling constant is quantized. The geometrical setting that arises corresponds to a generalized version of the Faraday's lines picture: quantum states are labeled by the shape of the string, from which emanate "Faraday`s surfaces". In the other models, the topological interaction can also be described by geometrical means. It is shown that the open-path (or open-surface) dependence carried by the wave functional in these models can be eliminated through an unitary transformation, except by a remaining dependence on the boundary of the path (or surface). These feature is closely related to the presence of anomalous statistics in the 2+1 model, and to a generalized "anyonic behavior" of the string in the other case.Comment: RevTeX 4, 28 page

    Fractional Statistics in Three Dimensions: Compact Maxwell-Higgs System

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    We show that a (3+1)-dimensional system composed of an open magnetic vortex and an electrical point charge exhibits the phenomenon of Fermi-Bose transmutation. In order to provide the physical realization of this system we focus on the lattice compact scalar electrodynamics SQEDcSQED_c whose topological excitations are open Nielsen-Olesen strings with magnetic monopoles attached at their ends.Comment: 8 page
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