High Interleukin-6, Low Cd4+ and Cd8+ T-lymphocytes Expressions as Risk Factors of Cervical Carsinoma Infected by Human Papilloma Virus Type-52

In Indonesia cervical carcinoma is the most common cancer in women and one of the leading cause of mortality. High risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major risk factor of cervical cancer. This study aims to know the role of IL-6, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte for the risk of cervical carcinoma infected by HPV52. This study was a case control study, specimens of cervical carcinoma patients infected by HPV type-52 as the case group and HPV type-16 or 18 as the control group. HPV genotyping used SPF10 primer and type specific E7 primer by LiPA. Immunohistochemistry method was used to know expression of IL-6, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte. Pearson's c2 test was applied with statistical significance was set at the 2-sided 0.05 level. The odds ratios (OR) were calculated for the risk, with 95% confidence intervals on SPSS 16.0 for windows. PCR examination was performed in 185 paraffin-embedded tissue. The risk of high IL-6 expression in cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type-52 was statistically significant 6-fold higher compare with cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type 16 (OR = 6.00 ; CI 95% = 1.13-31.99; p = 0.03; p < 0.05) and HPV type 18 (OR = 6.00 ; CI 95% = 1.13-31.99; p = 0.03; p < 0.05). The risk of low CD4+ T lymphocyte expression in cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type 52 was statistically significant 6-fold higher and 7.43-fold higher respectively compare with cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type 16 (OR = 6.00 ; CI 95% = 1.003-35.91; p = 0.04; p < 0.05) and HPV type 18 (OR = 7.43 ; CI 95% = 1.23-45.01; p = 0.02; p < 0.05). The risk of low CD8+ T lymphocyte expression in cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type 52 was statistically significant 13.5-fold higher and 11-fold higher respectively compare with cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type 16 (OR = 13.50 ; CI 95% = 1.42-128.26; p = 0.01; p < 0.05) and HPV type 18 (OR = 11.00 ; CI 95% = 1.16-103.94; p = 0.02; p < 0.05). No significance different between cases and controls group in mean-age, parity and sexual activity (p > 0.05). In conclusion, this study found that high IL-6 expression, low CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte expression were the risk factors of cervical carcinoma infected by HPV type 52

Peran Product Involvement dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Country Of Origin terhadap Purchase Intention Smartphone Merek Oppo di Kota Denpasar

Purchase intention adalah keinginan konsumen untuk membeli sebuah produk spesifik. Perilaku ini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adalah faktor citra negara asal produk (country of origin). Produk yang berasal dari negara dengan citra yang baik umumnya lebih diterima daripada produk yang berasal dari negara dengan citra yang kurang baik. Semakin tinggi hubungan personal konsumen terhadap produk (product involvement), semakin tinggi pencarian informasi terkait produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari country of origin dan product involvement terhadap purchase intention serta peran product involvement dalam memoderasi pengaruh country of origin terhadap purchase intention. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 90 responden dan dianalisis dengan Analisis Regresi Moderasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa country of origin berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap purchase intention, product involvement berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap purchase intention, dan product involvement secara positif dan signifikan memperkuat pengaruh country of origin terhadap purchase intention

Pengaruh Absorsi Gas Co2 Dan H2s Dalam Biogas Menggunakan Pasta Batu Apung Terhadap Peningkatan Unjuk Kerja Motor Bakar

Human dependence on fossil fuels cause the reserves of energy resources is increasingly reduced. To overcome these problems is urgently needed alternative fuels which are cheap and readily available, one alternative fuel is biogas. However, the use of biogas not yet maximized because of the low heating value of the biogas produced from the process without purification. Premium fueled vehicle proved to be turned on using biogas. Tests conducted on the variation of the engine rotation of 1500, 2500, 3500, and 4500 rpm and variations of biogas that has been purified using the paste pumice stone with a variation of the flow rate of purification of  2 liters / minute, 6 liters / minute, and 10 liters / minute. In this test should be able to get the best performance in terms of fineness engine rotation (force braking and fuel consumption). From the test results with the variation of rotation and flow rate variations purification of biogas obtained performance of the motor fuel of the best on rotation 4500 rpm with a flow rate of fuel biogas purification of 2 liters / minute produces a torque value of 6.98 Nm and an effective power of 3288.09 Watt while the value SFCE by 0.33 Liter / Jam.Watt. This proves that biogas purification using paste pumice stone is able to improve the quality of biogas

Implementasi Aplikasi Push to Talk Menggunakan RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) dan SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

ABSTRAKSI: Push to Talk atau PTT merupakan suatu komunikasi suara dua arah yang menggunakan sistem transmisi satu arah (half duplex). Dimana dalam satu waktu yang diberikan giliran berbicara adalah satu pihak dan pihak yang lain hanya sebagai pendengar.Pada tugas akhir ini dikembangkan suatu aplikasi PTT yang menggunakan RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) untuk mengirimkan paket suara dan SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) untuk membentuk dan memutuskan sesi yang diimplementasikan pada layanan peer-to-peer. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian end-to-end delay dan delay pembentukan dan pemutusan sesi terhadap aplikasi PTT yang dibangun. Selain itu, pada tugas akhir ini juga dilakukan pengujian kepuasan user/responden terhadap delay media sesi dan pembentukan sesi yang ditambahkan pada aplikasi PTT yang dibangun, sehingga dapat ditentukan delay maksimum yang masih bisa diterima oleh end user terhadap aplikasi PTT ini. jika dibandingkan dengan delay pemutusan sesi yang disebabkan karena jumlah dan besar pesan yang dipertukarkan adalah berbeda. Delay media sesi yang dihasilkan oleh sistem dirasa lebih mengganggu kepuasan user dalam melakukan komunikasi dibandingkan dengan adanya delay pembentukan sesi.Kata Kunci : PTT, half duplex, RTP, SIP, peer-to-peer, end-to-end delay.ABSTRACT: Push to Talk or PTT is two way voice communication that using one way transmission system (half duplex). Where in a time the turn to talk is giving to one side and the other side only as a listener.In this final task was developed a PTT application using RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) for sending voice packet and SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) for establish and tear-down a session that was implemented on peer-to-peer computer network. And then the testing was done for measure end-to-end delay and establishment and tearing-down a session delay to PTT application that was deployed. Besides that, on this final task the testing was done for measure user satisfaction based on media session delay and session establishment delay that added to PTT application that was deployed, with the result writer can determine the maximum delay that accepted by the end user to this PTT application.Result from the testing is the session establishment delay is bigger than the delay to tearing-down a session. This is caused by the count and size of messages that was exchange was different. Media session delays give less satisfaction than session establishment delay to the user on the communication.Keyword: PTT, half duplex, RTP, SIP, peer-to-peer, end-to-end delay

Pengaruh Focus Film Distance (FFD) terhadap Nilai Uji Kolimasi pada Kolimator Pesawat Sinar-X Stasioner untuk Pemeriksaan Pasien

A study has been conducted on the effect of Focus Film Distance (FFD) on the collimation test values of stationary X-ray unit collimators for patient examinations. This research aims to determine the extent to which FFD affects collimation test values. The FFD variations used were 90 cm, 95 cm, 100 cm, 105 cm, 110 cm, 115 cm, and 120 cm. There are three tests in the collimation test: illumination test, collimation field discrepancy with X-ray beam, and X-ray beam perpendicularity. The illumination test was conducted using a lux meter, which was then averaged per FFD. The resulting illumination values corresponding to the FFD variations were 425.25 lux, 381.55 lux, 343.90 lux, 311.80 lux, 283.50 lux, 259.45 lux, and 238.20 lux. These results conform to the inverse square law. For the collimation field discrepancy values |dX| and |dY|, corresponding to the FFD variations, the values were 0.68 and 0.62; 0.32 and 0.34; 0.02 and 0.02; 0.10 and 0.08; 0.18 and 0.20; 0.34 and 0.32; 0.48 and 0.50, respectively. The X-ray beam perpendicularity value remained constant for all FFD variations at 1.03º. The values obtained from the three tests comply with the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 1250/MENKES/SK/XII/2009 concerning Quality Control Guidelines for Radiodiagnostic Equipment

Revolutionizing Fire Safety: Integrating Auto Shutdown Technologies, Built-In Sprinkler in Modern Fire Alarm Panel

The integration of modern fire alarm systems with smart sprinkler technology and automatic shutdown capabilities represents a significant advancement in fire safety measures. This research assesses the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing such systems among residents in Cebu City, Philippines, addressing demographic profiles, technical requirements, and user perspectives. A descriptive-correlational research approach involving 53 respondents in fire safety systems was employed. Results indicate high acceptance and effectiveness of the integrated system, with stakeholders rating features like advanced detection systems and integration with sprinklers as highly acceptable. Additionally, stakeholders perceive the system as reliable, effective, and safe, highlighting its potential to enhance fire safety standards in residential and commercial settings. Recommendations include collaboration between fire departments, technology developers, and local authorities to facilitate adoption, incentivization by insurance companies, and ongoing innovation in smart fire safety technology. Implementation of these recommendations can contribute to widespread adoption and effectiveness, ultimately saving lives and minimizing property damage in fire emergencies

Identifikasi dan Telaah Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Genetik Buah-buahan Lokal untuk Meningkatkan Integrasi Pertanian dan Pariwisata di Bali

ABSTRACTThe rapid growth of tourism in Bali raises new issues i.e. the decline of the agricultural sector. A model of development of integration of agriculture and tourism is required to avoid further imbalance in the development of tourism and agriculture. The objective of this study was to identify and study utilization of genetic resources of local fruits in order to improve agricultural and tourism integration. The research was conducted from March to December 2015 throughout regencies in Bali, using survey method to identify the species and sub-species of local fruits, its utilization, harvest time, and superior fruits of each regency. Definition of local fruit in this study is all species and sub-species of fruit plant found in Bali, either cultivated or wild. The results showed that there were 41 species with 149 sub-species of local fruits identified. Availability of local fruits was generally still seasonal. The harvest season was dominant from December to March. Fruits were used for local consumption, exports, inter island trade, and material for rituals and culture and for tourism market. Utilization of local fruit for tourism was still limited, i.e for fresh fruit consumption (snake fruit, wani, banana, mango, orange, papaya, water melon, melon and mangosteen), for juice (passion fruit, manggo, melon, water melon, guava, strawberry, wani); raw material for wine (snake fruit, grape), raw material for massage/Spa (lemon, pineapple, avocado, papaya, strawberry, star fruit), and for agrotourism object (strawberry, snake fruit, orange and mangosteen). We suggested that effort was required to increase the utilization of local fruits for tourism activities so that it increased the welfare of the farming community in Bali.Keyword: genetic resources, local fruit, integration, agriculture, tourismABSTRAKPesatnya perkembangan pariwisata di Bali memunculkan masalah baru yaitu semakin terdesaknya sektor pertanian. Untuk menghindari semakin tidak seimbangnya antara sektorpariwisata dan pertanian dikembangkanlah model pembangunan pertanian terintegrasi dengan pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan identifikasi dan telaah pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik buah-buahan lokal untuk meningkatkan integrasi pertanian dan pariwisata. Penelitian dilakukan dari Maret sampai Desember 2015 di seluruh kabupaten di Bali, menggunakan metode survei untuk mengidentifikasi spesies dan sub-spesies sumber daya genetik buah-buahan lokal, pemanfaatannya, musim panen, dan buah unggulan kabupaten. Batasan buah lokal dalam penelitian ini adalah semua spesies dan sub-spesies buah-buahan yang ada di Bali, baik dibudidayakan atau liar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan teridentifikasi sebanyak 41 spesies dan 149 sub-spesies buahbuahan lokal. Lokasi tumbuhnya sebagian besar tersebar hampir di seluruh kabupaten/kota di Bali seperti jeruk Bali, salak, pisang, wani, mangga, manggis, durian, jambu biji, dan nangka, tetapi adayang hanya dibudidayakan atau tumbuh pada lokasi spesifik tertentu seperti stroberi, kawista, anggur, leci, dan mundu. Ketersediaan buah umumnya masih bersifat musiman, dengan musim panen dominan dari Desember sampai Maret. Produksi buah-buahan lokal Bali dimanfaatkan untuk konsumsi lokal, komoditas ekspor, perdagangan antar pulau, keperluan ritual adat dan budaya, dan pasar pariwisata. Pemanfaatan untuk pariwisata masih relatif terbatas, meliputi: (1) hasil buah untukkonsumsi segar (fresh fruit) seperti salak, wani, pisang, mangga, jeruk, pepaya, semangka, melon dan manggis; (2) hasil buah untuk bahan juice (markisa, mangga, melon, semangka, stroberi, wani); (3) hasil buah untuk bahan wine (salak, anggur), (4) bagian buah, daun, atau bagian lainnya untuk massage/spa (jeruk lemon, nenas, avokad, pepaya, stroberi, belimbing wuluh); dan (5) kebun buah untuk agrowisata (stroberi, salak, jeruk, dan manggis). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini perlu ada upaya nyata meningkatkan pemanfaatan buah-buahan lokal untuk pariwisata agar kesejahteraan petani buah-buahan semakin meningkat.Kata kunci: buah lokal, integrasi, pariwisata, pertanian, sumber daya geneti